ch03-phân tích hệ thống
TRANSCRIPT
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PhnPhn ttchch vv thithitt kk hh ththngng
Chng 3
PHN TCH H THNG
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I. Mt s khi nim c bn
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M hnh lung d liu
Cc m hnh h thng nh l tp cc chc nng tngtc
Cung cp cc chc nng x lS dng cc biu lung d liu (DFDs) biudin mt cch linh hot cc thc th ngoi, cc chcnng, lung d liu v cc kho d liu
Chra d liu nh th no c x l bi h thng
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K hiu lung d liu
Input: D liu vo
Output: D liu ra
Transform: Chc nng bin i d liu vo thnh d liu ra.
Terminators: Cc ngun v ch ca d liu
Data dictionary (data store): D liu trong vng lu tr tnh
Input Output
Transform
Terminator
Data dictionary
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Cc bc to DFD
To mc ng cnh DFD ca h thng chXem h thng nh l mt hp en
Nhn dng ranh gii h thng
Ranh gii gia h thng ch v mi trng bn ngoi
Nhn dng lung d liu vo v ra khi h thng (Chc nngmc nh)
Nhn dng cc ngun bn ngoi v ch ca d liu
Nhng ngi s dng v giao din bn ngoi
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Cc bc to DFD
Phn r chc nng mc nh vo cc chc nng conmc 1.
Cc chc nng tng ng cho bin i
Kt ni cc chc nng mc 1 vi cc u vo v u ra
Xc nh cc kho d liu (T in d liu)
Phn r cc chc nng con mc 1 vo cc chc nngcon mc 2
Phn r cc chc nng con mc 2 vo cc chc nng
con mc 3,
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V d: Biu lung d liu mc ngcnh
H thng c mong i t ng ho hot ng cath vin
Hai ngi dng bn ngoi (terminators)3 mc d liu vo
1 mc d liu ra
Mt chc nng mc nh (transform) -- Issue library item
mc thvin pht
hnh
Bnc
Th thvin
Yu cu
Kt qu
Nhnvin th
vin
a rangy
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V d: Biu lung d liu mc nh
Chc nng mc nh phn r ra thnh 4 chc nng con
u vo v u ra gia cc chc nng con
Hai kho d liu c nh dng
Bn c
Kim trabn c
CSDL Ttin
Kim trathng tin
th thvin
Tnh trngbn c
Yu cu
Issueitem
TnhtrngTtinTtin pht hnh
Cp nhtchi tit bn
c
UserID
ItemID
Cp nht chi titTtin chi tit
Nhn vinth vin
a ra ngy
CSDL bn c
Cp nht chi titChi tit bn c
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M hnh x l
M hnh x lKha cnh biu din ca x lCho php tri thc c dng li v x l c tip tc
Gim ri ro v tng tnh d on
y mnh phin bn chung v trau di
C/nng 1 C/nng 2vo u ra
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K hiu m hnh x l
Hot ng
Xl
Thc hin
Tc nhn ngoiVai tr
ng truyn
iu kin
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Cc thnh phn ca m hnh x l
Hot ngTrng thi lm vic vi i tng c th v vi iu kin tn
ti G k t
Chun b tp d liu kim tra kim tra module
M ho chc nng hoc module
Kim chng ti liu c
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Cc thnh phn ca m hnh x l
ProcessT chc tp cc hot ng chuyn t u vo thnh u ra
Phn tch yu cuThit k cu trc
Tch hp h thng
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II. Phn tch
Phn tch
Tp hp thng tin
M hnh x l
M hnh d liu
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Mt s nh ngha then cht
H thng cl h thng hin ti c th hoc khng th
c a vo my tnhH thng mi l mt h thng mi m da vo cc yucu c cp nht
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Mt s tng then cht
Mc ch ca giai on phn tch:Thc s hiu cc yu cu ca h thng mi
Pht trin h thng c sn hoc quyt nh mt h thng mikhng cn thit.
Ranh gii gia phn tch h thng v thit k h thngl khng r rt.
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QU TRNH PHN TCH
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Phn tch h thng IS l:Nhim v thng miNhim v IT
Cn s ngang bng chuyn mn gia ngi phn tchv ngi dng
Cc lnh vc phn tch
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Quy trnh SDLC
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Ba bc ca giai on phn tch
Hiu h thng c ( As-Is system)
Nhn bit c hi ci tin
Pht trin khi nim h thng mi?
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Ba bc ca giai on phn tch (cont)
Hiu h thng ch thng mi nhn c t h thng c
Khng th tp trung vo ci g ngi dng mun, cn phi hiu hmun ci g
Khng th tp trung vo phn phn tch kh cng, cn phi lngnghe kinh nghim ca ngi dng
Nhn bit c hi ci tinCn cc k nng thng mi v k thut
K nng thng mi
Tn dng trong qu trnh thng mi (chng ta lm g?)
K nng k thut
Tn dng chng ta thc hin nh th no?
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Pht trin khi nim h thng mi?Bt u a ra nh tp m ca nim ci tin c th xy raTinh ch vo trong khi nim h thng c th lm c
Kt thc qu trnh phn tch vi h thng c xut
xut cch biu din chp thun s ng trong biu mu cah thng tip theo
Ba bc ca giai on phn tch (cont)
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Mt s phc tho xut
Bng cc ni dung
Tm tt vic thc hinYu cu h thng
D kin cng vic
Chin lc phn tchTm tt cc nhim v phn tch
Gii thiu h thngTm tt cc khi nim h thng vi vic chng minh tnh ng n
Kh nng thay i khc nhau
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Phn tch tnh kh thi
M hnh hnh vi v cu trc
Ph lc, kt qu tng qut, phng vn, bo co,tim nng, kt qu thit k, ...Mt s iu cn thit cung cp
Mt s phc tho xut (cont)
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Chin lc phn tch c bn
BPAQu trnh t ng ho thng mi (Business process
automation)BPIQu trnh ci tin thng mi (Business ProcessImprovement)
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Qu trnh t ng ho thng mi(BPA)
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Qu trnh t ng ho thng mi
To ra hu ht khng thay i cho cc qu trnh thngmi
To ra chng hiu qu hn
Ci tin hiu qu bng t ng ho cc qu trnhthng mi
t tc ng trn nhng ngi s dngChng thc hin cc cng vic ging nhau, nh hiu qu hn
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1. (BPA) Hiu h thng c?
Mt s kt quh thng mi tip tc ng h h thng c
S tip tc thc hin cc cng vic ging nhau c bn
Xy dng cc m hnh hnh vi v cu trc chi tit dn chng ti liu h thng c
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2. (BPA) Xc nh cc c hi ci tin
Mt s ci tin n t mt s vn trong h thng hin ti
Hai k thut xc nh cc s ci tin:
Phn tch bi tonPhn tch ngun gc nguyn nhn
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3. Pht trin khi nim h thng mi
h thng mi kh tng t vi h thng cThay i khng thc t l qu trnh giao dch
Cc m hnh h thng mi khng khc so vi h thng c
Cc m hnh thng xuyn l c sao chp v cc thay inh c to ra
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Ci tin qu trnh thng mi (BPI)
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Ci tin qu trnh thng mi
Mc ch l ci tin qu trnh giao dch
Thay i ngi s dng lm g, khng phi hiu qu hthc hin chng nh th no
Thay i qu trnh giao dch phi c quyt nh utin
Quyt nh thay i qu trnh thng mi khng thc to ra bi ngi phn tch
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1. (BPI) Hiu h thng mi?
Vn cn nhng c gng n lc c ngha hiu hthng c
H thng mi cung cp phn ln h thng cH thng mi s c nhiu im ging nhau
Nhng mt s qu trnh l khc
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2. (BPI) Xc nh cc c hi ci tin
Tiu im xem xt s c gng:Nhn vo s ci tin ca qu trnh thng mi
Ngi s dng v ngi qun l cc hot ng tm kim tng thng mi mi v cc c hi mi
4 k thut xc nh cc c hi thc hin1. Trong thi gian phn tch
2. Da vo chi ph hot ng
3. im chun khng chnh thc
4. im chun chnh thc
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Thi gian phn tch
Thi gian tnh ton cho mi bc x lThi gian tnh ton cho ton b qu trnh
So snh: Nu (thi gian cho mi bc ring r) nh hn(thi gian ton b qu trnh) th s c mt bi ton
S cn thit pht trinQu trnh tnh hp hocTnh ton song song
Khi c nhiu ngi khc nhau lm vic trn mt phnnh ca ton b qu trnhQu trnh tch hp
Qu trnh thay i c bn cho t ngi lm vic trn u voThc hin song song
Thay i qu trnh m trong nhiu ngi c th thc hin cngcng vic ti cng mt thi im
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Phm vi hot ng da vo chi ph
Tnh ton gi chi ph cho mi bc x l
Xem xt c chi ph trc tip v chi ph gin tip
Xc nh cc bc tn km nht v tp trung n lctrn chng
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Chun mc
Nghin cu cc t chc khc thc hin x l thngmi ging nhau nh th no
Chun mc khng chnh thcKim tra vi cc khch hng
V tr nh cc khch hng
Chun mc chnh thc
Thit lp chnh thc quan h
vi cc t chc khc
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3. (BPI) Pht trin khi nim h thng mi
Mt s lng nh tp thng tin l cn thit
h thng mi tng t nh h thng cNhng mt s chc nng c thc hin li trn vn
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Pht trin d n phn tch
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Pht trin d n phn tch
K hoch phn tch:t k hoch cho cc hot ngtrong giai on phn tch
La chn chin lc phn tch u tinXc nh bi ngi u d n
N l mt quyt nh thng mi
Tim lc gi tr thng mi
Chi ph d n
M rng phn tch
Mo him
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Chin lc phn tch
Tim lc gi tr thng miBPA Li nhun l chin lc v khng quan trngBPI Tim nng li nhun l va phiBPR Tim nng li nhun ln nht
Chi ph li nhunBPA Mc tiu kh khn, khng tBPI Ph thuc vo mc tiu, c th khng t lmBPR Phn ln lun lun t
M rng phn tchBPA Mc tiu rt nh trong h thng hin tiBPI t hn, nhng thng thng trong phm vi hpBPR Trin vng rng, mc tiu trn nhiu qu trnh thng
mi
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Mo him ca vic sai st da vo:Khng c kh nng hon thnh h thng
H thng hon ton khng c kh nng thc hin li nhunthng mi
BPA Mo him thp
BPI Thp va phi
BPR Cao (h thng mi hon ton)
Chin lc phn tch (cont)
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Cc tnh cht ca chin lc phn tch
Business Business BusinessProcess Process ProcessAutomation Improvement Reeingineering
Potential Business Low-Moderate Moderate HighValue
Project Cost Low Low-Moderate High
Breadth ofAnalysis Narrow Narrow-Moderate Very Broad
Risk Low Low-Moderate Very High
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Trnh cc li phn tch c in
Gim thi gian phn tchGii php?
S dng RAD v hp thi gianYu cu
Nhng c trng khng cn thit c a vo
Xc nh nhng c trng ca ngi dng
Gii php?
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Tm tt
Qu trnh phn tch tp trung vo vic to ra gi tr chot chc
Mt s chin lc phn tch chnh BPA, BPICc chin lc ny thay i trong tim nng gi trthng mi, nhng cng trong tim nng chi ph vmo him