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Prentice-Hall 2002General Chemistry: Chapter 1Slide 1 of 19

Philip Dutton

University of Windsor, Canada

Prentice-Hall 2002

Chapter 1: MatterIts Properties andMeasurement

General ChemistryPrinciples and Modern Applications

Petrucci Harwood Herring

8th Edition

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Prentice-Hall 2002General Chemistry: Chapter 1Slide 2 of 19

Contents

Physical properties and states of matter

Systme International Units Uncertainty and significant figures

Dimensional analysis

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Prentice-Hall 2002General Chemistry: Chapter 1Slide 3 of 19

Properties of Matter

ter: Occupies space, has mass and inertia

position: Parts or componentsex. H2O, 11.9% H and 88.81% O

erties: Distinguishing features

physical and chemical properties

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Prentice-Hall 2002General Chemistry: Chapter 1Slide 4 of 19

States of Matter

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Prentice-Hall 2002General Chemistry: Chapter 1Slide 6 of 19

Separations

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Separating Mixtures

bstances to

separated

solved in liquid

Pure

liquid

mixture

ChromatographyChromatography

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Prentice-Hall 2002General Chemistry: Chapter 1Slide 8 of 19

Significant Figures

Number

6.29 g0.00348 g9.01.0 10-8

100 eggs100 g = 3.14159

Count from left fromfirst non-zero digit.

Adding and subtracting.

Use the number of decimal

places in the number with the

fewestdecimal places.

1.140.611.676

13.416

Significant

Figures

3322infinite

bad notation

various

13.4

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Prentice-Hall 2002General Chemistry: Chapter 1Slide 9 of 19

Significant figures

Multiplying and dividing.

Use the fewest significant

figures.

0.01208 0.236

Rounding Off

3rd digit is increased if

4th digit 5

Report to 3 significant figures.

10.235

12.459019.7515.651

.

10.2

12.519.815.7

= 0.512

= 5.12 10-3

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Prentice-Hall 2002General Chemistry: Chapter 1Slide 10 of 19

Units

S.I. Units

Length metre, m

Mass Kilogram, kg

Time second, s

Temperature Kelvin, K

Quantity Mole, 6.0221023 mol-1

Derived Quantities

Force Newton, kg m s-2

Pressure Pascal, kg m-1 s-2

Eenergy Joule, kg m2 s-2

Other Common Units

Length Angstrom, , 10-8 cm

Volume Litre, L, 10-3 m3

Energy Calorie, cal, 4.184 J

Pressure

1 Atm = 1.064 x 102 kPa

1 Atm = 760 mm Hg

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Temperature

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Relative Temperatures

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Volume

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Prentice-Hall 2002General Chemistry: Chapter 1Slide 15 of 19

Density

= m/V

m=V

V=m/

g/mL

Mass and volume are extensive properties

Density is an intensiveproperty

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Prentice-Hall 2002General Chemistry: Chapter 1Slide 16 of 19

Conversion

What is the mass of a cube of osmium that is 1.25inches on each side?

Have volume, need density = 22.48g/cm3

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