ch00 introduction

8/2/2019 Ch00 Introduction

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Biochemistry

An Introduction to the Chemistry of Life for Medical Students

Prof. H. LI ()

Head of Biochemistry

Department, Luzhou

Medical College


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Contact to me

If you have any question in

biochemistry study, please:

Email to [email protected]

Short Message to 13882736827


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Textbook

Hong-Ti Jia. Biochemistry (En).

Beijing: Peoples Medical

Publishing House, 2007

Hong Li. Experimental Courseof Biochemistry. Luzhou

Medical College, 2011


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Study-guiding Textbook

1. D. L. Nelson & M. M. Cox.

Lehninger's Principles of

Biochemistry, 5 ed.

W. H. Freeman, 2008

2. R. H. Garret & C. M. Grisham.

Biochemistry, 2 ed.

http://www.web.virginia.edu/Heidi/

home.htm


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Studying Schedule

Week Chapter Hours

1 Ch00 Introduction 3

1~2 Ch01 Structure and Function of Protein 9

3Ch02 Structure and Function of Nucleic

Acids6

4~5 Ch03 Enzymes 12

6~7 Ch04 Carbohydrate Metabolism 9

7~8 Ch05 Lipid Metabolism 9


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Studying Schedule

Week Chapter Hours

9 Ch06 Biological Oxidation 6

10~11 Ch07 Amino Acid Metabolism 12

11~12 Ch08 Nucleotide Metabolism 5

12 Ch09 Integration and Regulation ofMetabolism

2

Total 70


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Purposes ofStudying

Biochemistry

1. Learning the language of biochemistry and

molecule biology, careful explanations of

the meaning, origin, and significance of

biochemical and molecule biological terms.


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Purposes ofStudying

Biochemistry

2. A balanced understanding of the physical,

chemical, and biological situation of each

bio-molecule, each metabolic reaction,

each metabolic pathway and its regulation.


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Purposes ofStudying

Biochemistry

3. Explanation of the usefulness ofthe most

important techniques that have

contributed to our current understanding

of biochemistry and molecule biology.


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What is Life Made of ?

Physical and chemical sciences alone

may not completely explain the nature of

life.

So all medical students must have a

fundamental understanding of

biochemistry and molecule biology.


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What is Biochemistry?

Biochemistryis the combination of biology

and chemistry or the application of

chemical principles to understanding

biology.

But the applications of physics,

mathematics and computers are involved in

modern biochemistry or molecule biology.


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Questions for biochemists to

answer

1. Type, composition and structure of the

biomolecules?

2. How they act and interact ?

3. Their processes of synthesis and lysis?

4. How is energy generated and consumed?

5. How are the biochemical reactions

regulated?


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Questions for biochemists to

answer6. What is the carrier of genetic information

and how is it expressed and transmitted

information pathway?

7. How do cells and organisms grow,

differentiate, and reproduce?

8. What is the molecular basis of evolution

and mutation?


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Primary Organic Compounds

1. Carbohydrates

2. Lipids

3. Proteins

4. Nucleic Acids

You are expected to learn the structure and

functions of these organic compounds:


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Polymers and Monomers

Each of these types of molecules are

polymers that are assembled from single

units called monomers.

Each type of macromolecule is an

assemblage of a different type of monomer.


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Monomers

Macromolecule

Carbohydrates

(tng)(li)Lipids

(zh)(li)

Proteins

(dn)(bi)(zh)Nucleic acids

(h)(sun)

Monomer

Monosaccharide

(dn)(tng)Fatty acids, Glycerol, et al

(zh)(fng)(sun)

(gn)(yu)(dng)Amino acids

(n)(j)(sun)Nucleotides

(h)(gn)(sun)


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How do monomers form

polymers?

In condensation reactions (also called

dehydration synthesis), a molecule of water

is removed from two monomers as they are

connected together.


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Hydrolysis

In a reaction opposite to condensation, a

water molecule can be added (along with

the use of an enzyme) to split a polymer in

two.


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Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates are made of carbon,

hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, always in a

ratio of 1:2:1.

Carbohydrates are the key source of energy

used by living things.

The building blocks of carbohydrates are

sugars, such as glucose and fructose.


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Carbohydrates

What do the prefix

mono-, di-, oligo-, and

poly mean?

Each of these roots

can be added to the

word saccharide to

describe the type ofcarbohydrate you

have.


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How do two monosaccharides

combine to make apolysaccharide?


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Polysaccharides


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Lipids

Lipids are molecules that consist oflong

hydrocarbon chains. Attaching the three

chains together is usually a glycerol

molecule. Lipids are NONpolar.


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Saturated vs. Unsaturated Fat


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Proteins

Proteins are complex building blocks of

structures called amino acids.

Proteins are what your DNA codes to make

(translation).

A peptide bond forms between amino acidsby dehydration synthesis.


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Some Amino Acids


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Polypeptide Chain


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Protein Structure

Level

Primary

Secondary

Tertiary

Quaternary

Description

The amino acid sequence

Spatial structure of peptide framework

Spatial structure of one peptide chain

Spatial structure of multiple peptide

chains


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Levels ofProtein Structure


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Nucleic Acids

Nucleic acids are complex building blocks

of structures called nucleotides.

Nucleic acids, including DNA and RNA, are

synthesized by replication and transcription.

A 3,5-phosphodiester bond forms between

nucleotides by dehydration synthesis.


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Ribonucleotides vs.

Deoxyribonucleotides


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DNA vs. RNA

Polynucleotide

Chain


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Nucleic Acids Structure

Level

Primary

Secondary

Super-helix

Description

The nucleotides sequence

Double-helix structure of chain

Super-helix structure of chain


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Levels ofNucleic Acids Structure


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Key Points

What is biochemistry?

Why do medical students have to study

biochemistry course?

What are polymers and monomers in living

things?

How do we describe the structures of

proteins and nucleic acids?


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Good Luck In

Biochemistry Study !

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