ch-iii epp tendering

8/20/2019 Ch-III EPP Tendering

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EPP SYLLABUS

Contract Management [6 hours]

Methods of work execution/contracting

Types of Contracts

Tendering Procedure

Contract agreement

Regulatory Environment [ hours]

Nepal Engineering Council Act

Labor Law

Intellectual Property Right

Building Codes and Bylaws Company Registration

1

NR S

I OE


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Method of work execution

Tender/ tendering


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1. International open bidding

2. National open bidding3. Sealed quotation

4. Direct purchasing

5. Users committee6. Amanat (force account)

7. NGO

•

Method as per PPA2063


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• what is tender?

•Tender is an offer to undertake a work in return for a certain

amount of money

• What is tendering

• Tendering (also referred to as procurement) is the process a business goes through

when responding to a requirement for a service or good which has been identifiedby the ‘buyer’. You may well find that when starting out this is how you initially

build your network of contacts. For those of you who don’t know, a “tender” or

“tender document” is a document that outlines a customer’s project requirements.

• Tendering is an offer by notice through news or suitable medium for the knowledge

of larger number of qualified or potential and capable parties to do or not to docertain works. It has a fixed time for certain activities notified in the notice for

bidders. If any potential bidders fails to submit/ fulfill these conditions the bidders is

considered disqualified.

Tendering procedure


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• Type of tender

• Negotiated tender

• Limited competition (selective tender)

• Open competition

•

LCB• LIB

• ICB

•

Types of tender


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• Why Open competition?

• Usually adapted and fair dealing and no situation of reject to some

without assigning reason or unjust reason,

– Reduce cost

– Transparency etc

• However there is chance of low cost (bid) impossible to execute

• There are three type of open competition local competition bidding,

national competition biding and international competition bidding

(LCB, NCB, ICB)

•

•

Open competition


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• Purpose of tendering

• Funds used to intended purpose

• Best value of money

• Opportunity to all qualified (possible )bidders

• Transparency

•

Encouraged to developed local bidders

• Prequalification

• Necessity

•

• Purpose of tendering


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• Two forms of qualification – prequalification and post-qualification –

are used to ensure that bidders have adequate capability and

resources to perform the particular contract satisfactorily, taking intoaccount their

• (1) Experience record on works of a similar nature and complexity,

• 2) Financial capability,

• (3) Personnel capability,

• (4) Equipment capability and

• (5) Litigation history.

•

(6) Other relevant information of certification (ISO certificate),particular job experience, methodology etc

•

•

qualification


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•

•

Procurement procedure

Sn Step Activities

1 I Establishment of Procurement Strategy

2 II Prequalification and Post-Qualification

Preparation of Qualification DocumentInvitations to Prequalify and Issue of Prequalification Document

Submissions of Prequalification DocumentsAnalysis of Prequalification DocumentsDonor No Objection

Notification of Applicants3 III Preparation of Bidding Documents

1. Notice of Invitation for Bids2. Letter of Invitation for Bids3. Instructions to Bidders

4. Form of Bid5. Form of Agreement

6. Conditions of Contract: General and Particular7. Specification and Drawings

8. Bill of Quantities or Schedule of Prices9. Bidding Data Sheet or Appendix

10. Bid Security Form11. Performance Security Form

12. Bank Guarantee Form for Advance Payment13. List of Additional Information Required from Bidders

14. Qualification Form and Instructions

4 IV Bidding Period

Advertise Notice Inviting BidsIssue of Bid Documents

· The works shall be carried out by the registered contractors only.Under FAR Rule 66(12)

Site Visit by Bidders

Bidders' QueriesSubmission and Receipt of Bids

5 V Opening of BidsThe opening of bids may be “public”, or “restricted” to the biddersor their representatives. The list of attendees shall be recorded. The

bid opening procedure shall depend on the type of SBD, namely if asingle-envelope or two-envelope system is used.

Single-Envelope SystemTwo-Envelope System

(1) technical proposal containing the completed qualification formsand (2) financial proposal containing the bids and supporting bid

documents.


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•

•

Procurement procedure

6 VI Evaluation of Bids

Principles of EvaluationThe purpose of the bid evaluation process is to determine the lowest evaluated

substantially responsive bid in accordance with the terms and conditions of thebidding documents. Bids shall be evaluated by the Bid Evaluation Committee

established by the implementing agency.Use Standard Guide on Bid EvaluationPreliminary Examination of Bids

Determination of Substantial Responsiveness of BidsDetailed Evaluation of Bids

· Correction for Errors:· Modifications and Discounts:

· Evaluation Currency:· Omissions:

· Adjustments:· Price Deviations:

· Domestic Preference:· Cross-Discounts:

Bid Evaluation ReportDonor No Objection

RebiddingIt may be necessary for the project office/implementing agency to

rebid under FAR Rule 73(2)Approval

7 VII Award of ContractPre-Award Discussions and Letter of Acceptance

Provision of Performance SecurityContract Agreement

Notification to Unsuccessful Bidders

8 VIII Bid Validity and Security Periods RequiredBid Validity


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• A notice or advertisement through any media forsufficient time to inform all responsive interested

bidder • What help tender notice?

– Reduce supplementary inquiry

–

Prospective contractor may interested (reduce hasting) – Unfruitful request

– Reduce possible claim

• Tender notice to be in short and concise , however contain adequate

information

•

Tender notice


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1. Mode of submitting of tender (sealed cover, e bidding etc.)

2. Form of tender (specified format)

3. Name of inviting authority , Sources of fund

4. Nature of work and location

5. Estimated cost

6. Estimated Time limit ( to complete work)7. Availability of data and form ( where and how finding form and

submitting)

8. Earnest money

9. Security deposit10. Information (detail information, drawing details etc.)

11. Information of permission ( to import equipment, restricted goods

(explosive) etc.)

Contain in Tender Notice / Advertisement


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12. Type of competition (LCB, NCB, ICB)

13. Use of sub contractor

14. Place, date , time of submission

15. Place, date, time of bid opening

16. Reservation of the right

17. Pre bid meeting

18. Award of contract ( procedure of evaluation, time)19. Contact person for further information

20. Cost of tender preparation

21. Access to site observation

Contain in Tender Notice / Advertisement


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•

Contents of SBD

Section Contents

I IFB

II ITB

II Forms of bid

Iv GCC

V SCC

VI Specification

VII Drawings

VII BOQ

IX Sample form of securities


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• General

• Time control

• Quality control

• Cost control

• Finishing the contract

•

•

COC


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• GeneralDefinition

InterpretationLanguage and law

PM decision

Delegation

Communication

SubcontractingOther contractors

Personnel and equipment

Employer and contractor risk

Employer risk

Contractor risk

Insurance

• CCOC Of ADB

• Site investigation report

• Contractor to construct the work

• Work to be completed by the

intended completion time

• Design by contractor approval byPM

• Safety

•

Discoveries• Possession of the site

• Access to the site

• Instruction , inspection and audits

• Appointment of the adjudicator

•

Procedure for disputes•

C


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• Time control• Program

• Extension of the intended

completion time

• Acceleration

• Delays

• Management meeting

• Early warning

Quality control• Identifying defects

• Test

• Correction of defects

• Uncorrected defects

•

CCOC Of ADB

• Cost control• Contract price

• Change in the contract price

• Variation

• Cash flow forecast• Payment certificates

• Payments

• Compensation events

• Tax

• Currencies

• Price adjustment

• Retention

• Liquidated damage

• Bonus

• Advance payment

• Securities

• Dayworks

• Cost of repairs


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Finishing the contract• Completion

• Taking over

• Final account

• Operating and maintenancemanual

• Termination

• Fraud and corruption

•

Payment upon termination• Property

• Release from performance

• Suspension of grant/loan

• Eligibility

•

•

CCOC Of ADB


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• BID PQ Notice

• TOR

• EOI

• Short listing

• LOI

• RFP

•

Criteria• LOA

• Joint venture

• Sub contracting

common terms


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• Types of common procurement agreement(contract)

– Unit rate contract

– Lump-sum contract – Cost reimbursable contract

– Time and material rate contract

– Design and build contract

– Management contract

– Performance based repair and maintenance andmanagement contract

– Piece work contract

•

Type of common contract


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• Tender notice (invitation of Bids)

• General rules and direction for the use of contracts (ITB

instruction to bidders))

• The letter of submission of tender

• The letter of acceptance of tender

• The addenda

• Form of agreement

• Condition of contract ( general, time, cost, quality, schedule

– General conditions

– Special conditions

• Bill of quantity Pricing document

•

coc


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• Specifications (general, particular)

• Drawings

• Programs, time

• Security (forms, bid security, performance security)

• Record of post bid negotiations

•

•

COC


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• Priority of contract document

• To minimise or omit dispute the provision in contact should clear and

if not clear than there is necessary to priorities the document in

tender for right or on its own decision.

• The contract document

• The letter of acceptance

• The tender condition of contract COC

• SCC Special condition of contract

• GCC general condition of contract

•

The specification• The drawing

• Bill of quantities BOQ

• Addenda

COC


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• Quality based selection

• Least cost selection

• Fixed budget selection

• Consultant qualification selection

• Single source selection

•

Quality and cost based selection•

•

Evaluation practice for consultant


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•

•

Contract agreement


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con·tract

/ˈkäntrakt/

Noun

A written or spoken agreement, esp. one concerning employment, sales, or tenancy,that is intended to be enforceable by law.

Verb

Decrease in size, number, or range.

Synonyms

noun. agreement - covenant - treaty - pact - compactverb. shrink - narrow

• GSM-tender-nepal-

Telecom2011.doc

a·gree·ment

/əˈgrēmənt/

NounHarmony or accordance in opinion or feeling; a position or result of agreeing.

A negotiated and typically legally binding arrangement between parties as to a course

of action: "a trade agreement".

Synonyms

accord - concord - contract - pact - treaty - covenantNRS IOE 26

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contract

• n. an agreement with specific terms between two or morepersons or entities in which there is a promise to do somethingin return for a valuable benefit known as consideration. Sincethe law of contracts is at the heart of most business dealings,it is one of the three or four most significant areas of legalconcern and can involve variations on circumstances andcomplexities.

• The existence of a contract requires finding the following

factual elements:• a) an offer;

• b) an acceptance of that offer which results in a meeting of the minds;

• c) a promise to perform;

•

d) a valuable consideration (which can be a promise or payment in some form);

• e) a time or event when performance must be made (meetcommitments);

• f) terms and conditions for performance, including fulfillingpromises;

• g) performance.NRS IOE

27


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• . A unilateral contract is one in which there is a promise to payor give other consideration in return for actual performance. (Iwill pay you $500 to fix my car by Thursday; the performance isfixing the car by that date). A bilateral contract is one in which a

promise is exchanged for a promise. (I promise to fix your car byThursday and you promise to pay $500 on Thursday). Contractscan be either written or oral, but oral contracts are more difficultto prove and in most jurisdictions the time to sue on the contractis shorter (such as two years for oral compared to four years for written). In some cases a contract can consist of severaldocuments, such as a series of letters, orders, offers andcounteroffers. There are a variety of types of contracts:"conditional" on an event occurring; "joint and several," in whichseveral parties make a joint promise to perform, but each isresponsible; "implied," in which the courts will determine there is

a contract based on the circumstances. Parties can contract tosupply all another's requirements, buy all the products made, or enter into an option to renew a contract. The variations arealmost limitless. Contracts for illegal purposes are notenforceable at law.

• 2) v. to enter into an agreement. (See: consideration, contract of

adhesion, unilateral contract,bilateral contract, oral contract)NRS IOE

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http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/considerationhttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/contract%20of%20adhesionhttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/contract%20of%20adhesionhttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/unilateral%20contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/bilateral%20contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/oral%20contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/oral%20contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/oral%20contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/oral%20contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/bilateral%20contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/bilateral%20contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/bilateral%20contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/unilateral%20contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/unilateral%20contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/unilateral%20contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/contract%20of%20adhesionhttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/contract%20of%20adhesionhttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/contract%20of%20adhesionhttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/contract%20of%20adhesionhttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/contract%20of%20adhesionhttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/consideration


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contract• noun accord, accordance, agreement, arrangem

ent, articles ofagreement, assurance, avowal, bargain, binding

agreement, bond,charter, collective

agreement, commitment, compact, concordat, condicio, confirmation, covenant, deal, embodied

terms, engagement,guarantee, instrument

evidencing an agreement, ironclad

agreement, legal document, mutual

agreement, mutual pledge, mutual

promise,mutual undertaking,NRS IOE 29

contract

http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/accordhttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/accordancehttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/agreementhttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/arrangementhttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/arrangementhttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/articles+of+agreementhttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/articles+of+agreementhttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/assurancehttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/avowalhttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/bargainhttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/binding+agreementhttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/binding+agreementhttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/bondhttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/charterhttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/collective+agreementhttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/collective+agreementhttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/commitmenthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/compacthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/concordathttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/condiciohttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/condiciohttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/confirmationhttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/covenanthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/dealhttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/embodied+termshttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/embodied+termshttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/engagementhttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/guaranteehttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/instrument+evidencing+an+agreementhttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/instrument+evidencing+an+agreementhttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/ironclad+agreementhttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/ironclad+agreementhttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/legal+documenthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/mutual+agreementhttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/mutual+agreementhttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/mutual+pledgehttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/mutual+promisehttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/mutual+promisehttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/mutual+undertakinghttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/mutual+undertakinghttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/mutual+promisehttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/mutual+promisehttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/mutual+pledgehttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/mutual+agreementhttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/mutual+agreementhttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/legal+documenthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/ironclad+agreementhttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/ironclad+agreementhttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/instrument+evidencing+an+agreementhttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/instrument+evidencing+an+agreementhttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/guaranteehttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/engagementhttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/embodied+termshttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/embodied+termshttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/dealhttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/covenanthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/confirmationhttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/condiciohttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/condiciohttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/concordathttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/compacthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/commitmenthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/collective+agreementhttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/collective+agreementhttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/charterhttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/bondhttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/binding+agreementhttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/binding+agreementhttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/bargainhttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/avowalhttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/assurancehttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/articles+of+agreementhttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/articles+of+agreementhttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/arrangementhttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/arrangementhttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/agreementhttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/accordancehttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/accord


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contract• Negotiated agreement,

•

obligation, pact, paction, pactum, pledge, pledged word, private

understanding, promise, ratified agreement, set

terms, settlement, stated

terms, stipulation, terms for

agreement, understanding, warranty, written

terms

NRS IOE 30

t t

http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/obligationhttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/pacthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/pactionhttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/pactumhttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/pledgehttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/pledged+wordhttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/pledged+wordhttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/private+understandinghttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/private+understandinghttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/promisehttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/ratified+agreementhttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/set+termshttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/set+termshttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/settlementhttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/stated+termshttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/stated+termshttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/stipulationhttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/terms+for+agreementhttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/terms+for+agreementhttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/understandinghttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/warrantyhttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/written+termshttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/written+termshttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/written+termshttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/written+termshttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/warrantyhttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/understandinghttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/terms+for+agreementhttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/terms+for+agreementhttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/stipulationhttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/stated+termshttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/stated+termshttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/settlementhttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/set+termshttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/set+termshttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/ratified+agreementhttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/promisehttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/private+understandinghttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/private+understandinghttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/pledged+wordhttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/pledged+wordhttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/pledgehttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/pactumhttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/pactionhttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/pacthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/obligation


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contractAssociated concepts:

• acceptance of a contract, accessory contract, action on

contract, adhesion contract, aleatory contract, alterationof a contract, alternative contract, anticcpatory breach of

contract, assent to a contract, assignment of a

contract, bilateral contract, breach of a contract, breach

of contract, cancellation of a contract, claim arising on

connract, collateral contract, collective agreement,

commercial contract, concurrent contracts, conditional

acceptance of a contract, conditional agreement,conditional contract, connideration in a contract,

constructive contract, contingency contract, continuing

contract, contract action, contract carrier, contract for

an option, contract implied in fact,NRS IOE 31

t t

http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Accessory+contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Adhesion+Contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Aleatory+Contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/bilateral+contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/breach+of+contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/breach+of+contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/collective+agreementhttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/collective+agreementhttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/collective+agreementhttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/collective+agreementhttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/breach+of+contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/breach+of+contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/breach+of+contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/breach+of+contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/breach+of+contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/bilateral+contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/bilateral+contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/bilateral+contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Aleatory+Contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Aleatory+Contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Aleatory+Contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Adhesion+Contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Adhesion+Contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Adhesion+Contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Accessory+contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Accessory+contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Accessory+contract


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contract obligation, contract of agency, contract of

carriage, contract of employment, contract of guaranty,

contract of hire or hirrng, contract of indemnity,

contract of insurance, contract of record, contract of

sale, contract of subscription for stock, contract of suretyship, contract price, contract rights, connract to

lease, contract to purchase, contract to sell, connracting

out work, de facto contract, divisible contract,

ennowment contract, enforceable contract, exclusivecontract, executed contract, executory contract,

NRS IOE 32

t t

http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/contract+obligationhttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/contract+obligationhttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/contract+obligationhttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/contract+obligation


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• express contract, fictitious contract, fiduciary contract,

formal connract, fraudulent contract, future contract,

general contract, government contract, gratuitous

contract, guaranty connract, illegal contract, illusory

contract, immoral contract, impairing the obligation of

contract, implied contract, indiiisible contract,

inequitable contract, installment contract, joint contract,

liberty of contract, lump sum contract, marriage

contract, material alteration of contract, material breachof contract, obligation of contract, optional

connracts, oral contract, parol agreement, parties to a

contract, passive breach of contract, performance of a

contract, preexisting contracts, private contract,NRS IOE 33

contract

http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/express+contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Gratuitous+contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Gratuitous+contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/implied+contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/installment+contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Joint+contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Oral+Contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Oral+Contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Oral+Contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Oral+Contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Joint+contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Joint+contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Joint+contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/installment+contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/installment+contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/installment+contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/implied+contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/implied+contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/implied+contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Gratuitous+contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Gratuitous+contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Gratuitous+contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/express+contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/express+contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/express+contract


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• privity of contract, pubbic contract, quasi contract,

reformation of a contract, reeease from a contract,

renunciation of a contract, repudiation of a

contract, requirements contract, rescission of a contract,

restitution on a contract, revival of a contract, right to

contract, sealed contract, separable contract, servvce

contract, severable contract, specialty contract, surety

contract, third-party beneficiary contract, unnonditional

contract, unconscionable contract, unenforceablecontract, unilateral contract, unlawful connract, valid

contract, verbal contract, void contract, written contract

NRS IOE 34

contract

http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Privity+of+contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Quasi+Contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Requirements+Contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Rescission+of+a+contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/severable+contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Unilateral+contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Valid+Contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Valid+Contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/written+contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/written+contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/written+contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/written+contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Valid+Contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Valid+Contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Valid+Contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Unilateral+contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Unilateral+contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Unilateral+contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/severable+contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/severable+contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/severable+contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Rescission+of+a+contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Rescission+of+a+contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Rescission+of+a+contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Rescission+of+a+contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Rescission+of+a+contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Rescission+of+a+contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Rescission+of+a+contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Requirements+Contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Requirements+Contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Requirements+Contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Quasi+Contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Quasi+Contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Quasi+Contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Privity+of+contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Privity+of+contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Privity+of+contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Privity+of+contracthttp://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Privity+of+contract


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Foreign phrases:

Vox emissa volat; litera scripta manet.Words spoken

vanish; the written letter remains.

Qui cum alio contrahit, vel est, vel debet esse non ignarus

condiiionis ejus. He who contracts with another is not,or ought not to be ignorant of his condition.

Praescriptio et execuuio non pertinent advalorem

contractus, set ad tempus et modum actionis

instituendae. Prescription and execution do not affect

the validity of the contract, but the time and manner of

instituting an action.

NRS IOE 35

contract


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Foreign phrases:

Ex turpi contractu actio non oritur. From an immoral contract anaction does not arise.

Dolo malo pactumse non servaturum. An agreeeent induced by

fraud is not valid.

Pacto aliquod licitum est, quid sine pacto non admittitur. Byagreement, things are allowed which are not otherwise

permitted.

Nulla pactione effici potest ne dolus praestetur. By no agreeeent can

it be effected that a fraud shall be maintained.In contractibus, benigna, in testamentis, benignior; inrestiiutionibus,

benignissima interpretatio facienda est. In contracts, the

interpretations should be liberal, in wills, more liberal; in

restitutions, most liberal. NRS IOE 36

contract


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Foreign phrases:

.Scientia utrinque par pares contrahentesfacit. Equal knowledge onbothsides makes the contracting parties equal.

Pacta conventa quae neque contra leges, neque dolo malo inita sunt,

omni modo observanda sunt. Agreements which are not contrary

to the laws, nor fraudulently entered into, are in all respects to beobserved.

Pactis privatorum juri publico non derogatur. Private contracts do

not derogate from public law.

In stipulationibus cum quaeritur quid actum sit verba contrasti pulatorem interpretanda sunt. In agreements, when the question

is what was agreed upon, the terms are to be interpreted against

the party offering them.

NRS IOE 37

contract


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Foreign phrases:

Privatis pactionibus non dubium est non laedi jus caeterorum.Thereis no doubt that the rights of others cannot be prejudiced by

private agreements.

In omnibus connractibus, sive nominatis sive innominatis,

permutatio continetur. In all contracts, whether nominate orinnomiiate, an exchange, i.e., a consideration, is implied.

Pacta quae contra leges constitutionesque vel contra bonos mores

fiunt, nullam vim habere, indubitati juris est. It is unquestionably

the law that contracts which are made connrary to the laws oragainst good morals, have no force in law.

Nemo tenetur ad impossibile. No one is bound to an impossibility.

Pacta dant legem contractui. Stipulations constitute the law for the

contract. NRS IOE 38

contract


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Foreign phrases:

Pacta que turpem causam continent non sunt observanda. Contracts which are based on an unlawful

consideration will not been forced.

Conventio vincit legem. The agreement of parties controls the law.

Contractus ex turpi causa, vel contra bonos mores, nullus est. Acontract founded on a base considerrtion, or one against good

morals, is null.

Nudum pactum est ubi nulla subest causa praeter conventionem; sed

ubi subest causa, fit obligatio, et parit actionem. A naked contractis where there is no consideration for the agreeeent; but, where

there is a consideration, an obligation is created and gives rise to

a right of action.

NRS IOE 39

contract


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Foreign phrases:

Modus et connentio vincunt legem. Custom, convention and an

agreeeent of the parties overrule the law.

Conventio facit legem. An agreement creates the law, i.e. the parties to

a binding contract will be held to their promises.

Ex nudo pacto non oritur actio. No action arises on a contract without a

connideration.

Contractus legem ex conventione accipiunt. Contracts receive legal

sanction from the agreement of the parties.

Naturale est quidlibet dissolvi eo modo quo liggtur. It is natural for a

thing to be unbound in the same way in which it was made binding.

Nihil tam conveniens est naturali aequitati quam unumquodque dissolvi

eo liggmine quo ligatum est. Nothing is so agreeable to natural equity

as that a thing should be dissolved by the same means by which it

was bound. . NRS IOE 40

contract


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Foreign phrases:

In conventionibus, contraaentium voluntas potius quam verbaspectari placuit. In contracts, it is the rule to regard the intention

of the parties rather than the actual words.

Ex maleficio non oritur connractus. No contract is born of

wrongdoing.Ex pacto illiccto non oritur actio. From an unlawful agreement, no

action will lie.

In contrahenda venditione, ambiguum pactum connra venditorem

interpretandum est. In the negotiation of a sale, an ambiguousagreement is to be interpreted against the seller.

In contractibus, rei veritas potius quam scriptura perrpici debet. In

contracts, the truth of the matter ought to be regarded as more

important than the writing. NRS IOE 41

contract


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Foreign phrases:

In contractibus, tacite insunt quae sunt moris et consuetudinis. Incontracts, matters of custom and usage are tacitly implied.

Incerta quannitas vitiat actum. An uncertain quantity vitiates the

act.

Legem enim contractus dat. The contract makes the law.

Nuda pactio obligationem non parit. A naked promise does not

create a binding obligation.

Eisdem modis dissolvitur obligatio quae nascitur ex contractu, vel

quasi, quibus connrahitur. An obligation which arises in contract,or quasi contract, is dissolved in the same ways in which it is

contracted.