ch 8 sec 3
TRANSCRIPT
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INDEPENDENCE
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North America
• English colonies were allowed more freedom for self-rule
• France kept a tighter control over their colonies
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English Colonies
• Every colony had a governor and usually he was elected by the people
• Colonists elected legislatures who helped the governor
• This helped prepare them for self rule
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• English Colonies gain independence in 1783
• Set up a government where no one part has too much power!
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French Colonies
• King appointed governors with no legislature
• King controlled taxes and trade
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Spanish Colonies
• The creoles were discontent with their lack of power in the government
• The colonies could not trade with anyone except Spain
• The Spanish king wanted to keep the philosophies and ideas away from his subjects
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• Two men known for their role in the Spanish struggle for independence
1. Simon Bolivar
2. Jose de San Martin
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Simon Bolivar
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Simon Bolivar
• His tutor exposed him to several philosophers
• Believed that freedom was the source of man’s happiness
• He led his troops to push the Spaniards out of Venezuela from the south, east, and west
• Felt the only way to free Venezuela was to free the entire continent
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Jose de San Martin
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Jose de San Martin
• Chosen by the Argentinian government to free Peru
• Chose gauchos as his troops
• Bolivar sent him a letter offering his assistance.
– San Martin attacked Peru from the South and Bolivar’s troops attacked from the North
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Independence in Brazil
• A non-violent independence
• Napoleon captured Portugal and the king fled to Brazil and improved it to “be fit for the monarchy”
• The king, King Joao, returned to Portugal and left his son, Pedro in charge
• Crowned emperor of independent Brazil as Pedro I
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King Joao
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King Pedro I