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Page 1: Ch. 7 Notes. Robert Hooke (1665). Observed “cork.” Said “cork was made of little compartments that looked like monk’s “cells.” History of Cells

Ch. 7 Notes

Page 2: Ch. 7 Notes. Robert Hooke (1665). Observed “cork.” Said “cork was made of little compartments that looked like monk’s “cells.” History of Cells

Robert Hooke (1665).

Observed “cork.” Said “cork was made of little compartments that looked like monk’s “cells.”

History of Cells

Page 3: Ch. 7 Notes. Robert Hooke (1665). Observed “cork.” Said “cork was made of little compartments that looked like monk’s “cells.” History of Cells

Cell Theory: ***Cells are the

smallest working units of life.

***All living things are made of cells.

***All cells come from pre-existing cells.

Modern Cell Theory

Page 4: Ch. 7 Notes. Robert Hooke (1665). Observed “cork.” Said “cork was made of little compartments that looked like monk’s “cells.” History of Cells

The cell is like a factory.

People and machines perform functions in a factory.

There are parts of a cell that also perform different functions.

Cell Factory

Page 5: Ch. 7 Notes. Robert Hooke (1665). Observed “cork.” Said “cork was made of little compartments that looked like monk’s “cells.” History of Cells

All factories produce a product.

CELL PRODUCT=PROTEINS Cell’s DNA codes for

proteins! All cells in an organism

have the same DNA, but different cell types produce different proteins.

What is needed to build a protein?

Cell Factory

Page 6: Ch. 7 Notes. Robert Hooke (1665). Observed “cork.” Said “cork was made of little compartments that looked like monk’s “cells.” History of Cells

Cytoplasm- watery substance inside all cells.

Consists of water and anything in it.

Parts of All Cells

Page 7: Ch. 7 Notes. Robert Hooke (1665). Observed “cork.” Said “cork was made of little compartments that looked like monk’s “cells.” History of Cells

ALL CELLS HAVE A CELL MEMBRANE

Cell membrane- “door” to the factory that’s made of lipids and proteins.

Also known as the phospholipid bilayer.

Semi-permeable-only certain things pass through.

Aids in homeostasis—stableinternal conditions

Parts of All Cells

Page 8: Ch. 7 Notes. Robert Hooke (1665). Observed “cork.” Said “cork was made of little compartments that looked like monk’s “cells.” History of Cells

Phospholipid Structure

Page 9: Ch. 7 Notes. Robert Hooke (1665). Observed “cork.” Said “cork was made of little compartments that looked like monk’s “cells.” History of Cells

Hydrophilic = “water loving” Hydrophobic = “water hating”

Phospholipid Structure

Page 10: Ch. 7 Notes. Robert Hooke (1665). Observed “cork.” Said “cork was made of little compartments that looked like monk’s “cells.” History of Cells
Page 11: Ch. 7 Notes. Robert Hooke (1665). Observed “cork.” Said “cork was made of little compartments that looked like monk’s “cells.” History of Cells

Receptor proteins- allow cells to talk to one another.

Cells send “messages” and others receive them with receptors.

Hormones-cellular messages Ex.) Testosterone

Parts of All Cells

Page 12: Ch. 7 Notes. Robert Hooke (1665). Observed “cork.” Said “cork was made of little compartments that looked like monk’s “cells.” History of Cells

Marker proteins -gives your cells an “identity.”

Distinguishes your cells from other cells.– Blood and tissue

types– Immune system

A marker

No markerA and B markers

B marker

Parts of All Cells

Page 13: Ch. 7 Notes. Robert Hooke (1665). Observed “cork.” Said “cork was made of little compartments that looked like monk’s “cells.” History of Cells

Channel proteins -allow molecules to pass through the membrane.

Selective about what passes through.

Parts of All Cells

Page 14: Ch. 7 Notes. Robert Hooke (1665). Observed “cork.” Said “cork was made of little compartments that looked like monk’s “cells.” History of Cells

Ribosomes -“assembly line workers.”

They build proteins. Found all over cell Once built, proteins are

either used by cell or shipped out to other cells.

Parts of All Cells

Page 15: Ch. 7 Notes. Robert Hooke (1665). Observed “cork.” Said “cork was made of little compartments that looked like monk’s “cells.” History of Cells

Bacteria Small No organelles

except ribosomes.

No nucleus. Simple

Anything other than bacteria, like plants and animals, have these cells

Large cells. Organelles. True nucleus. Complex

Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic

Cells

Page 16: Ch. 7 Notes. Robert Hooke (1665). Observed “cork.” Said “cork was made of little compartments that looked like monk’s “cells.” History of Cells

Organelles - little, specialized organs

found in all eukaryotic cells, not prokaryotic.

Eukaryotic Cells

Page 17: Ch. 7 Notes. Robert Hooke (1665). Observed “cork.” Said “cork was made of little compartments that looked like monk’s “cells.” History of Cells

Nucleus-“central office” of the cell that contains DNA where most cell activity is started

DNA carries instructions for how to build something. What?

Nucleus is surrounded by a porous membrane. Why?

Another organelle the nucleolus, is found in the nucleus and makes the ribosomes.

Cell Video —4min

Eukaryotic Organelles

Page 18: Ch. 7 Notes. Robert Hooke (1665). Observed “cork.” Said “cork was made of little compartments that looked like monk’s “cells.” History of Cells

Mitochondria-powerhouse of the cell where cellular respiration occurs.

Some cells have more than others—why?

Contain own DNA Supplies cell with energy through

cellular respiration--convert food energy (carbs) to cellular energy (ATP).

Eukaryotic Organelles

Page 19: Ch. 7 Notes. Robert Hooke (1665). Observed “cork.” Said “cork was made of little compartments that looked like monk’s “cells.” History of Cells

Cellular respiration- process that occurs in mitochondria in which organisms consume carbohydrates and oxygen, releasing carbon dioxide, water, and energy for life (ATP).

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy (ATP)

This is why we use oxygen and how we use carbs to get energy!!!

Plants and animals all respire The opposite of photosynthesis!!!

Eukaryotic Organelles

Page 20: Ch. 7 Notes. Robert Hooke (1665). Observed “cork.” Said “cork was made of little compartments that looked like monk’s “cells.” History of Cells

Endoplasmic reticulum -“highway” system throughout inside of cell.

Materials can travel on it throughout the cell.

Rough ER vs. Smooth ER.

Eukaryotic Organelles

Page 21: Ch. 7 Notes. Robert Hooke (1665). Observed “cork.” Said “cork was made of little compartments that looked like monk’s “cells.” History of Cells

Golgi apparatus-“packaging center” of the cell.

Puts finishing touches on proteins and prepares them for shipment out of the cell.

Eukaryotic Organelles

Page 22: Ch. 7 Notes. Robert Hooke (1665). Observed “cork.” Said “cork was made of little compartments that looked like monk’s “cells.” History of Cells

Lysosome -recycling center. Repairs damaged cell parts. Sometimes parts are beyond repair.

Eukaryotic Organelles

Page 23: Ch. 7 Notes. Robert Hooke (1665). Observed “cork.” Said “cork was made of little compartments that looked like monk’s “cells.” History of Cells

Vacuoles-storerooms in plant and animal cells. What would they store?

Larger in plant cells than animal cells. Why?

If they shrivel, so does the cell

Eukaryotic Organelles

Page 24: Ch. 7 Notes. Robert Hooke (1665). Observed “cork.” Said “cork was made of little compartments that looked like monk’s “cells.” History of Cells

Cell wall for structure AND cell membrane.

Larger vacuoles. Chloroplasts

Cell membrane only.

Small vacuoles. No chloroplasts.

Plant vs Animal Eukaryotic Cells

Page 25: Ch. 7 Notes. Robert Hooke (1665). Observed “cork.” Said “cork was made of little compartments that looked like monk’s “cells.” History of Cells

Plant vs Animal Eukaryotic Cells

Page 26: Ch. 7 Notes. Robert Hooke (1665). Observed “cork.” Said “cork was made of little compartments that looked like monk’s “cells.” History of Cells

•Cell wall -surrounds the plant cell membrane•Is made of cellulose, a carb—paper is this.•Give plant cells support and structure•Protect cell from bursting if vacuole absorbs a lot of water

Plant Eukaryotic Cells

Page 27: Ch. 7 Notes. Robert Hooke (1665). Observed “cork.” Said “cork was made of little compartments that looked like monk’s “cells.” History of Cells

Chloroplast-organelle where photosynthesis occurs.

Have DNA like mitochondria Chlorophyll-green

pigment in chloroplasts that gathers sunlight needed for this process

Plant Eukaryotic Cells

Page 28: Ch. 7 Notes. Robert Hooke (1665). Observed “cork.” Said “cork was made of little compartments that looked like monk’s “cells.” History of Cells

•Chloroplasts found only in photosynthetic organisms (plant cells, some bacteria, and some protists)•Make energy source (carbs) from light

Plant Eukaryotic Cells

Page 29: Ch. 7 Notes. Robert Hooke (1665). Observed “cork.” Said “cork was made of little compartments that looked like monk’s “cells.” History of Cells

Source of energy for ALL life on Earth!!!

Reactants

1. Water

2. Carbon Dioxide

3. Sunlight

Products

1. Oxygen gas

2. Glucose (a carb)

Photosynthesis in Plant Cells

Page 30: Ch. 7 Notes. Robert Hooke (1665). Observed “cork.” Said “cork was made of little compartments that looked like monk’s “cells.” History of Cells

Photosynthesis in Plant Cells

Page 31: Ch. 7 Notes. Robert Hooke (1665). Observed “cork.” Said “cork was made of little compartments that looked like monk’s “cells.” History of Cells

Photosynthesis

Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis in Plant Cells

Page 32: Ch. 7 Notes. Robert Hooke (1665). Observed “cork.” Said “cork was made of little compartments that looked like monk’s “cells.” History of Cells
Page 33: Ch. 7 Notes. Robert Hooke (1665). Observed “cork.” Said “cork was made of little compartments that looked like monk’s “cells.” History of Cells

Endosymbiotic Theory -mitochondria and chloroplasts were once prokaryotic cells that were taken in by other prokaryotes.

Creation of first eukaryotic “organelles”

Prokaryotes evolved into eukaryotes Endosymbiotic Theory—3min

Endosymbiotic Theory


ROBERT HOOKE 1 st to see cells. Cork Cells Cork cells. Are they living? Which cell part are we seeing here?

Discovery of the Cell and Cell Theory. Observations of Dead Cells Robert Hooke (1635- 1703) –First to view cells (dead cork cells) –Thought that the “little

Chapter 7-1 Life is Cellular. Early Microscopes Robert Hooke -1665 looked at a thin slice of cork, from the cork oak tree Coined the term “cells”; looked

Robert Hooke 1665 – Micrographia First to identify structure known as cells in cork Predicted that there are 1,259,712,000 cells in the human body

Chapter 7 CELLS. History of Cells It all begins with CORK in 1665

Cell Structure & Function. A Little History 1600’s – cork cells – Robert Hooke

Ch 6: Cells. History of Cytology 1665 – Robert Hooke Viewed cork Named “cells” 1673 – Anton van Leeuwenhoek Unicellular pond organisms – named “animalcules”

Cells. Cell Discovery 1665 Robert Hooke: Around the time of Newton –discovered the cell –Saw dead cells of a cork plant –Called them cells because they

Cells. The Discovery of Cells Robert Hooke, and English scientist, discovered and named cells in 1665. He looked at thin slices of cork through a light

1665 Robert Hooke looked at a slice of cork under a compound microscope and discovered the cork was made up of small “boxes” that he named cells Cells

Monk's Belt Teacher listing Spinzilla 2015!schachtspindle.com/pdfs/newsletters/newsletter2015-06.pdf · Monk’s Belt Basics: •Monk’s belt is a block weave in which two blocks

Discovery of cells Cells 1st discovered in 1665 by Robert Hooke Viewed dead cork cells with simple light microscope

CELLS AND CELL THEORY. CELL SCIENTISTS Robert Hooke-1665, observed small cavities in cork which he called cells

The Discovery of Cells In 1665 Robert Hooke looked at cork under the microscope and described what he saw as “tiny rooms” or “cells”

Cells. Discovery of Cells 1665: Robert Hooke looking at cork under crude microscope

Introduction to Cells Biology A/Cells. The Discovery Cells were first discovered in 1665 when Robert Hooke observed a slice of cork under a microscope.Cells

The Protestant Reformation. Martin Luther A visit to Rome changed the pious monk’s life. A visit to Rome changed the pious monk’s life

Cork: properties, capabilities and applications · Table 1 Cell dimensions of cork cells during different growing periods6 Cell dimensions Early cork Late cork Prism height, mm 30–40

Cellular Organelles Cellular Transport. History 1665 – Robert Hooke – observation of cork cells 1833 – Robert Brown – nucleus discovery

Chapter 4 A Tour of the Cell. History of Cells u Robert Hooke - Observed cells in cork. u Coined the term "cells” in 1665

Cells What did Robert Hooke call the boxes that he observed in cork?

Cell Theory. Robert Hooke (1663)- Discovered cells Used light microscope to look at cork Noticed tiny compartments which he called cells Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Cells Biology. Discovery of Cells Robert Hooke-1665 ▫Biologist, inventor, architect physicist, astronomer ▫30x, cork…cells Anton van Leeuwenhoek ▫300x,

Cell Structures Cell Unit. Discovery of Cells Robert Hooke (1660’s) – –first to observe non-living cells in cork and named them cells Anton van

Monk’s Home Improvements Tile Floor Installation

Chapter 3: Cells 1. In 1665, An English Scientist Robert Hooke used a 3 lens microscope to examine thin slices of cork. Hooke noticed the cork was made

NOTES – CELL DISCOVERY History of Cells Robert Hooke: uses microscope to look at cork - called the chambers he saw “cells” Anton van Leeuwenhoek: first

Cell Biology & Cell Organelles. Get Hooke-d on Cells! ScientistDiscovery Robert Hook (1665) Described the empty spaces between cork as “cells” Actually

Cells Structure and Function Discovery of Cells The invention of the lens Robert Hooke (1665): observed a thin slice of cork (dead plant cells) with

CELLS!. Cytology= the study of cells Viewed a slice of cork and thought the tiny boxes looked like the rooms that monks lived in… so he named them “cells”

Chapter 7 Cells and Transport. Hooke 1665 Observed pieces of cork under a simple microscope. Describe the structure of cork

Cells. Is fire a living thing? Robert Hooke Observed cork under a microscope Called the little boxes cells

Introduction to Cells and the Microscope. Brief history of cells… 1665 Hooke sees “cells” in cork 1674 Van Leeuwenhoek observes living cells in water

Cells. Cell Scientists Robert Hooke looked at cork under a microscope 1 st to use term “cell”

Cells The Units of Life. Mid 1600s - Robert Hooke observed and described cells in cork Mid 1600s - Robert Hooke observed and described cells in cork Late