Ch 7 Africa and The Americas

600 B.C.E. - 600 C.E.

Comparing the Classical era of Eurasia with developments in

Africa and the Americas

•Which region was most isolated?

•Which region was most populated?

•Which region had more types of animals to domesticate?

•Which region began making iron tools and weapons first?

•Which region developed cities and states first? see pages 282 -

283

Meroepages 285 - 286

• peak of city between. . . • ruler was. . . • urban center populated by. . . • wealth and military power came from...• decline due to. . .

Axum

• Its economy was stimulated by taxing . . . • In the 4th century Axum was introduced to the religion of. . . • North of them, Egypt adopted the religion of . . . • Between the 4th (300’s) and the 6th (500’s) centuries, Axum was . . . • The decline of Axum was due to two reasons:

• environmental reasons such as . . . • external factors such as. . .

pages 286 - 288

an obelisk

West Africa - Niger River

• Jenne-jeno was one of many stateless societies•between 300 B.C.E. - 900 C.E. urban centers without a centralized government developed along the Niger River, Jenne-jeno being one of the most important one• Griots lived in this urban center. They were known for . . . • Important African empires will rule the area later: Ghana, Mali and Songhay

pages 288 - 289

Africa: South of the equator pages 290 - 292

1. What types of society did Bantu people encounter while migrating south of the equator?2. Why three advantages did the Bantu groups have over the peoples they encountered?3. What was the outcome of the Bantu migration?4. What cross-cultural interaction had occurred in East Africa by 1000 C.E. (the first millennium c.e.)?

Religion in Sub-Saharan Africa

up to 600 C.E.

•polytheistic

•worship of ancestors and nature spirits

•diviners or shamans could communicate with the supernatural

•no universal, monotheistic or missionary religion developed

•this will change after 600 C.E. with the spread of . . . ?

Mesoamerica by 600 B.C.E.

•Olmec civilization had left part of its culture in the region:

• trade in luxury goods to display social status and for rituals

• rituals involved human sacrifice

• monumental ceremonial centers

• calendar system

• hieroglyphic writing

Maya civilization

250 - 900 C.E.Classical Era of The

Americas

1. Describe their achievements in writing, mathematics and astronomy?2. How were the Maya able to conquer their environment and farm?3. Describe the Maya government?4. How did the Maya government stimlulate warfare?5. What other civilizations of the era compares to the Maya government?6. Describe the reasons for the collapse of the Maya civilization.

pages 294 - 295

City of Teotichuacan

1. What was the estimated population of this city by 550 C.E.?2. How were gods and goddesses depicted in their art?

300’s - 650’s C.E.

pages 295 - 297

Civilizations of the AndesClassical era: 1000 B.C.E. - 1000

C.E.after the Norte Chico but before

the Inca

pages 297 - 300

1. Describe the religious beliefs of the people of Chavin de Huantar.2. Describe the extent of trade among the Chavin.3. Describe the extent of war and empire-building of the Chavin.4. Describe the government of the Moche.

no writing systemMoche - human sacrifice

Chavin de Huantar

Moche

North America• Pueblos of Chaco canyon in

present-day New Mexico

• Mound Builders of eastern woodlands - east of the Mississippi, includes the Hopewell culture in present-day Ohio

• Cahokia - near present-day St. Louis, Missouri