Ch. 5 NotesPart One: Photosynthesis

Ch. 5 NotesPart One: Photosynthesis

DO NOWDO NOW 1. Which type of diffusion involves the

movement of water down the concentration gradient?

2. In which type of environment would a cell potentially burst because the surrounding area had a low concentration of solute, but a high concentration of free water molecules?

3. What does active transport involve (which way are substances pumped across the cell membrane)?

Flow of EnergyFlow of Energy Flow of

Energy Sun -- Plants -- Herbivores --

Omnivores / Carnivores -- Decomposers

Ham--> Pigs --> Grains --> Sun

Cheese --> Milk --> Cow --> Grass --> Sun

Bread --> Wheat --> Sun

MetabolismMetabolism Metabolis

m Involves building up and

breaking down reactions

MetabolismMetabolism Photosynth

esis Light energy is converted to

chemical energy

MetabolismMetabolism Autotrophs Use energy from sun or

chemical bonds in inorganic substances to make organic compounds

Photosynthetic plants

MetabolismMetabolism Heterotrop

hs Organisms that must get

energy from food instead of directly from the sun

MetabolismMetabolism Cellular

Respiration Like burning fuel Releases much of the energy

in food to make ATP

MetabolismMetabolism ATP 1. Chemical energy in food

slowly released in enzyme assisted reaction

2. Products become reactants for the next reaction

3. Some energy released as heat

MetabolismMetabolism ATP 4. Remaining energy

temporarily stored as ATP 5. ATP remains available for

any chemical reaction in the cell

MetabolismMetabolism ATP 6. Made up of a nucleotide

with 2 energy storing phosphate groups

7. In all, 5 Carbon sugar with 3 phosphate group chains

MetabolismMetabolism ATP 8. Phosphates are negative

and repel each other 9. Energy stored in them like

compressed springs

MetabolismMetabolism ATP 10. Energy released when

bond holding phosphate group onto ATP is broken

11. ATP -- ADP + P + Energy

Section 2: PhotosynthesisSection 2: Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis

When you eat a hamburger you get energy from the sun INDIRECTLY!

Process by which light energy is converted to chemical energy

Provides energy for almost all life

THINK – PAIR – SHARE Give the name of the

organisms that USE energy from sunlight

Give an example

PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis Photosynthes

is EQUATION

Light Energy + 6CO2 + 6H2O ----> C6H12O6 + 6O2

There are 3 stages in Photosynthesis 1. Energy captured from sunlight 2. Light energy converted to chemical

energy 3. Organic compounds form

PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis Photosynthesi

s Think – Pair – Share Where does photosynthesis

occur in plants?

Where does photosynthesis occur in prokaryotes?

PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis STAGE

ONE- Absorb

Energy from Light

1. Plants have pigments in leaves that absorb light waves Can you name the primary

pigment needed for photosynthesis?

Chlorophyll - types a and b absorbs blues and reds and reflects greens, yellows

Carotenoids- yellow, orange, fall colors (fruits, veggies, flowers)

WHY DO LEAVES TURN COLOR IN THE FALL?

WHY DO LEAVES TURN COLOR IN THE FALL?

THINK – PAIR – SHARE

PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis STAGE

ONE- Absorb

Energy From Light

2. Oxygen Production in Chloroplasts A. Chlorophyll is located in

the disk shaped stacks called Thylakoids (in chloroplasts)

PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis STAGE TWO

Conversion of Light Energy

**Turn light energy into chemical energy!**

1. Electron Transport Chains Excited electrons leave

chlorophyll to produce new molecules (ATP!)

Occurs within thylakoid membrane after leaving chlorophyll

PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis STAGE

TWO Conversion of Light Energy

2. One chain provides energy to make ATP

PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis STAGE

TWO Conversion of Light Energy

3. Other chain provides energy for making NADPH NADPH – provides lots of energy

to create the organic compounds of photosynthesis

The Hydrogen Ion’s (H+) that come from water provides the energy to make ATP and NADPH in Stage 3

PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis STAGE

THREE – Storage of

Energy CARBON

DIOXIDE Fixation

1. CO2 in air used to make organic compounds

2. Calvin Cycle- uses enzymes in a chemical reaction to create 3 carbon sugars = organic compounds

3. Organic Compounds (glucose) provide energy for growth and metabolism

Calvin CycleCalvin Cycle

All Three StagesAll Three Stages

PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis Factors

Affecting Photosynthesis

1. Light intensity 2. Amount of carbon dioxide 3. Temperature 4. Too much of any of these

can cause photosynthetic rate to reach a saturation point where it no longer increases

Think – Pair - ShareThink – Pair - Share Factors

Affecting Photosynthesis

Give two factors that could increase the rate of photosynthesis. At what stage would each factor affect?

Click here to visit a website with a photosynthesis interactive:

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/methuselah/photosynthesis.html

Click here to visit a website with a photosynthesis Video Clip:

http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/anisamples/majorsbiology/harvestinglight.swf