ch 4.3 -persia unites many lands
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Persia Unites many Lands
Chapter 4.3
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The Rise of Persia
• Unlike the Assyrians who used force to control a vast empire, the Persians would use tolerance and diplomacy.
• After the Medes overthrew the Assyrian Empire in 612 B.C., they joined the Persians as the other major power in the region.
• Soon, the Persians would dominate even the Medes
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Cyrus the Great
• Persian King that began a conquest of several neighboring kingdoms in Iran.
• Conquered the entire Fertile Crescent and most of Anatolia
• Although his military might was great, Cyrus would be remembered for his method of governing.
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Differences in Leadership
Sennacherib• Burned and sacked 89 cities
and 820 villages• Killed most of the
inhabitants, beheading many.
• Chose Assyrian or Assyrian-friendly kings to govern conquered lands.
• Levied heavy taxes on the conquered.
Cyrus• His generals enforced strict
discipline against looting and burning.
• Honored the local customs and religions of the conquered
• Knelt to pray in the local temple.• Babylon opened it’s gates for
Cyrus to enter, a bloodless victory for Cyrus
• Allowed the Jews to return to Jerusalem.
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Persian Rule and Religion
Cambyses:• Cyrus’ son• Extended the Persian
Empire into Egypt, but scorned the Egyptian religion.
• Destroyed many of the Egyptian statues of their idols and gods
• After his death, many rebellions broke out.
Darius• Started as the king’s
bodyguard• With the help of soldiers,
claimed the throne.• Expanded the empire , over
2500 miles east to west• Divided his empire into 20
provinces.
After Cyrus’ death, his successors had both successes and failures.
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Persian Empire 500 B.C.
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Provinces and satraps
• Darius divided his empire into 20 provinces.• These “nationalities”:
– Practiced their own religion– Spoke their own language– Had their own laws
• Although these groups had many freedoms, Darius still ruled absolutely.
• Installed satraps, or governors, in each province, which ruled under his command
• They were kept honest by inspectors, who he called his “eyes and ears”
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Keeping the Empire together
• The Royal Road– Linked his empire together
• Manufacturing coins– First use of standardized coins
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The Royal Road
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Persian Religion
• Zoroaster:– Persian Prophet who lived around 600 B.C.– Helped people deal with the suffering and chaos they dealt with
every day.• Taught that 2 armies fight for possession of your soul
– Ahura Mazda leads the good army– Ahriman leads the bad
• Each person, at their death, would be judged on their life.– Followers of Mazda would be lifted into paradise.– Followers of Ahriman would burn forever in a fiery pit.
• Sound familiar?