France Radicals forced Charles X to abdicate in 1830.

France Radicals forced Charles X to abdicate in 1830.

BelgiumAchieved independence from Holland in 1830.

BelgiumAchieved independence from Holland in 1830.

PolandNationalists revolted in 1830, but failed to win support. Russian forces crushed the rebels..

PolandNationalists revolted in 1830, but failed to win support. Russian forces crushed the rebels..

Austria (1848)Revolts broke out in Vienna. Metternich resigned and flees in disguise.

Austria (1848)Revolts broke out in Vienna. Metternich resigned and flees in disguise.

Hungary (1848)In Budapest, Hungarian nationalists led by Louis Kossuth demanded an independent government.

Hungary (1848)In Budapest, Hungarian nationalists led by Louis Kossuth demanded an independent government.

France (1848)Louis Napoleon elected president. He then declares himself emperor.

France (1848)Louis Napoleon elected president. He then declares himself emperor.

Germany (1848)Frankfurt Assembly offers the king the throne of a united Germany, but he refused.

Germany (1848)Frankfurt Assembly offers the king the throne of a united Germany, but he refused.

Italy (1848)Revolutionaries expelled the Pope from Rome and installed nationalist government.

Italy (1848)Revolutionaries expelled the Pope from Rome and installed nationalist government.

Czechs (1848)In Prague, the Czechs demanded an independent government.

Czechs (1848)In Prague, the Czechs demanded an independent government.

Latin America 1790BritishDutchFrenchPortugueseSpanish

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Haiti 1791 Toussaint L’Ouverture led slaves to revolt and slavery was abolished. 1804 Haiti declares independence.

Haiti 1791 Toussaint L’Ouverture led slaves to revolt and slavery was abolished. 1804 Haiti declares independence.

Mexico1810 Father Miquel Hildago gives “el Grito de Dolores” speech. Father Jose Morelos continued on. 1821 Mexico gains independence.

Mexico1810 Father Miquel Hildago gives “el Grito de Dolores” speech. Father Jose Morelos continued on. 1821 Mexico gains independence.

United Provinces of Central America (Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica)1820s Agustin de Iturbide added these areas to Mexican empire. 1838 They gained independence.

United Provinces of Central America (Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica)1820s Agustin de Iturbide added these areas to Mexican empire. 1838 They gained independence.

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Venezuela1821 Liberated by Simon Bolivar

Venezuela1821 Liberated by Simon BolivarEcuador

1822 Liberated by Simon Bolivar

Ecuador1822 Liberated by Simon Bolivar

Colombia1819 Simon Bolivar attacked Spanish at Bogota.

Colombia1819 Simon Bolivar attacked Spanish at Bogota.

Peru1824 Liberated byJose de San Martin with help from Simon Bolivar

Peru1824 Liberated byJose de San Martin with help from Simon Bolivar

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Argentina1816 San Martin’s army defeats the Spanish

Argentina1816 San Martin’s army defeats the Spanish

Chile1818 Liberated by San Martin with help from Simon Bolivar

Chile1818 Liberated by San Martin with help from Simon Bolivar

Brazil1822 Dom Pedro becomes emperor of independent Brazil

Brazil1822 Dom Pedro becomes emperor of independent Brazil

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