ch 4 ancient civilization of the world

ANCIENT CIVILIZATION OF THE WORLD

PRES. BY , HARISHCHANDRA TEACHER GPUC BELLARE

EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION

• Take birth on the bank of river Nile • Huge pyramids , sculpture ,

temples ,inscription tell us about Egyptian culture and history .

Contribution of Egyptian civilization

• Were expert farmers • Knew about irrigation • Built temples • Invented calender • Mastered the art of writing • Writ in symbolic language • Has been called hieroglyphics

NILE VALLEY -agriculture

• Nile river would transform the nile valley into a huge lake .

• A fertile layer of clay soil would form the grazing field .

• This fertile land provided food for people .• They develop irrigation system through out

valley through small canals and wells.

mummy

• They believed in life after death • The most powerful god of life and death was Osiris.• They believed that man had to give an account of his

deeds on earth to god • Life on earth was temporary and prepare for next life.• Thus whole nile valley was reserved for the dead.• The dead body smeared with chemicals and wrapped

with thin cloths . In this way the entire body preserved • The body protected thus was called mummy

pyramids

• In the biginning graves were created by carving into boulders on the hill.

• As the Egyptian moved north they had to construct graves in the desert .

• Tall towers were built on these graves • The kings and wealthy people vied with each

other to built taller and taller towers .• These towers called pyramids

pyramids

Declain

• After an independent , prosperous life for twenty centuries, arabian tribe HYKSOS attacked egypt

• and ruled over 500 years • They looted wealth of the egyptians • So they did not become populer.• Jews also hated by the people of egypt .

Declain

• The persian Emperor Cambyses occupied in the 6th century B.C.

• Alexander occupied persia in 4th century . • Egypt became a province of mecedonia.• Ptolemie declared himself the king of egypt . • He founded the city of Alexandriya .

Romans attack on egypt

• Romans attacked in 39 B.C.• The last egyptian queen Cleopatra tried save her country

.• The romans feared her beauty more than her troops .• Twice she was successful from Romans .• But Augustus did not succumb to her beauty , defeated

her army .• He planned carry her , she consumed poison , ended

her life. • Then onwards egypt became a province of Rome.

Mesopotamian civilization

• Mesopotamian is an area which lies in a valley between two rivers .

• The two rivers are , Euphrates and Tigris • Fertility of this area that attracted the people

to it.• Food crops could be grown with little effort • Two tribes tried to establish control over this

area. These are northern hilly tribe and nomadic tribe.


• Sumerians developed a system of writing in mesopotamia.

• Babylonian , assyrian , persian used this system of writing , which was called Cuneiform.• The most important area of this

civilization was the southern part of valley between the Euphrates and Tigris rivers.


• This area had been referred to as Babylonia.

• Northern part of babylonian was called Akhad

• The southern part sumer. • The northern part of mesopotamia was

known as Assyria.


• The history of mesootamia is a story of end less hatred conflict.

• They worship their gods on the top of the hill.

• They built artificial hills• Established their places of worship there.

These were called Ziggurats.• They did not know to built stairs and

surrounded them with sloping galleries.

Ziggurats

Hammurabi

• He was famous king of the Amorites.• He built fabulous palace for himself in

Babylonia.• He framed the code of justice for

administration.• He made Babylonia the best administered

kingdom in the whole of the old world.

The chinese civilization

• the chinese civilization was established on river Hwang Ho .

• It was also known as “China’s Sorrow”• People of china referred to it as the “symbol

of sorrow”• Because the floods of this river changed its

course every year. • Inundated houses and agricultural land.


• The first ruling family of the chinese civilization was the Shang dynasty.

• They ruled the period between 18th century and 12th century B.C.

• Under their rule , the people had developed a wonderful culture .

• Then Shang dynasty was overpowered by the neighbouring chau dynasty.


• There was a section of officials below the kings.

• The king allotted portion of land to the officials.

• The officials supported the king during battles.

• The next level of communities were merchants and craftsmen.


• The lovest social hierarchy were the slaves.• The prisoners of war were made slaves by the

kings. • Shang kings soldiers wore bronze helmets and

metel armours .• The bronze daggers , axes, bows, iron tipped

arrows which they used have been found. • The people of shang dynasty depended on

agriculture.


• They had well organized system of irrigation. • They used to grow plenty of rice. • The chinies used to wear thin cotton dresses. • They used silk.• Silk manufacturing was a prominent industry. • They used to make excellent pots.


• They had learnt to make various object from porcelain .

• The dead body buried along with wooden articles , pots bronze vessel , other objects.

• The chinies tradition of writing began with pictures . That was ideographic scripts.

• Writers used to write on silk and bamboo slips.

ch 4 ancient civilization of the world

Education