Ch. 3 REVIEW

The Atom: From Idea to TheoryThe Structure of the Atom

Counting Atoms

Section 1

• Who coined the term “atom?”

Section 1

• Explain the law of conservation of mass

Section 1

• Explain the law of definite proportions

Section 1

• Explain the law of multiple proportions

Section 1

• What is a chemical reaction?

Section 1

• Who proposed the Atomic Theory?

Section 1

• State 2 of the 5 parts of Dalton’s Atomic Theory

Section 1

• Distinguish between scientific theory and a scientific law

Section 1

• Three compounds containing potassium and oxygen are compared. Analysis shows that for each 1.00 g of O, the compounds have 1.22 g, 2.44 g, and 4.89 g of K, respectively. Show how these data support the law of multiple proportions.

Section 2

• Define atom

Section 2

• Identify the 2 regions of an atom… state what subatomic particles are found in each.

Section 2

• JJ Thomson is given credit for discovering what?

Section 2

• What did JJ Thomson use in his experiments that led to the discovery of the electron?

Section 2

• What atomic model did JJ Thomson propose?• Describe this model.

Section 2

• Before Thomson’s plum pudding model, the model that existed and was widely accepted was the solid sphere model. Who proposed the idea of the solid sphere model?

Section 2

• Explain Rutherford’s gold foil experiment (procedure & conclusion)

Section 2

• What is the name of the atomic model proposed by Rutherford based on his gold foil experimental results?

Section 2

• Niels Bohr proposed the _________________Model of atomic structure. Describe this model.

Section 2

• What two subatomic particles are found in the nucleus? What holds these particles together in the nucleus?

Section 2

• State the location, charge, and relative masses of the 3 subatomic particles

Section 3

• Define atomic number

Section 3

• Define mass number (or atomic mass)

Section 3

• What units are used to described the mass #?

Section 3

• What is the name of the instrument used to measure the atomic mass of an atom?

Section 3

• Explain what isotopes are.

Section 3

• Do isotopes of an element have different atomic #’s or different mass #’s?

Section 3

• What is a nuclide?

Section 3

• Write the 3 isotopes of Hydrogen in hyphen notation.

Section 3

• Write the nuclear symbol for uranium-235 (use the periodic table!)

Section 3

• Define the term mole

Section 3

• What is Avogadro’s Number?

Section 3

• Define molar mass

Section 3

• What is the average atomic mass of an element?

Section 3

• What is meant by the term “percent abundance” of an element?

Section 3

• Isotopes of an element have different masses. Does this cause them to differ in their chemical behavior?

Section 3

• How do you determine how many atoms are in a certain amount of moles of a substance?

Section 3

• How do you determine how many atoms are in a certain amount of grams of something?

Section 3

• How do you determine how many moles are in a certain amount of grams of something?