ch. 3 - installation
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
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Web Server Administration
Chapter 3Installing the Server
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Overview Prepare the server for system
installation Understand the installation process Install Windows 2000 Server,
Windows Server 2003, and Red Hat Linux 8
Examine basic Linux commands Configure TCP/IP
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Prepare the Server for Installation A typical installation is from CD
For Windows 2000, you can boot from a floppy for network installation
For Linux, you can install from the network or even using FTP
Production systems use a single-boot system meaning only one OS is on a computer You can put all described OSs on a single
computer which is a multi-boot
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Checking Hardware Compatibility Typically you have fewer problems if
you are using hardware designed for a server from major manufacturers
IDE drives are always compatible Make sure that you have the latest
drivers for SCSI and RAID controllers With video adapters and NICs, it is
best to use ones from major vendors
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Checking Hardware Compatibility You can have problems if you
Put a system together yourself with the latest or off-brand NICs, video adapters, and RAID controllers
Try to upgrade an OS on old servers because they sometimes have specialized hardware that is not supported anymore
For Windows OSs www.microsoft.com/hwdg
For Red Hat Linux www.redhat.com/support/hardware
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System Documentation Should be detailed enough for
inexperienced network administrator System documentation is an ongoing
process Changes occur over the life of the
server These changes need to be documented
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System Documentation Need compatibility information Hardware information
Server manufacturer, including model information
Processor type and speed Amount of RAM Drive interface – RAID, SCSI, IDE Hard disk – size, manufacturer, and model NIC manufacturer and model
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System Documentation System information
Partition information – number and sizes
OS version installed Latest software patches
Extra drivers needed URLs for latest drivers
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System Documentation Steps for installation including options
chosen Keep documentation, CDs, drivers in a
binder Know support details
Who to call Contract phone number Type of support contract Expiration of contract
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The Installation Process The Setup program will ask you
about your system You need to know the answers to
these questions before you start Many of the questions are common
to all operating systems
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The Installation Process-Partitioning the Hard Disk A partition is a logical division of the hard
disk A system boots from the primary partition You can create an extended partition
Gives you more logical drives in Windows Gives you more Linux partitions It is best to isolate the operating system from
applications If the application partition fills and the operating
system is on the same partition, the OS stops
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The Installation Process Six partitions are used for Linux by
default / (root partition) swap (used for virtual memory) /boot (boot files – small) /usr (shared files and programs) /home (user files and programs) /var (Web site, FTP, log files)
Just / and swap are required
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Managing Multiple Operating Systems on a Single Computer Useful for development purposes Best to start with unpartitioned hard
disk Create one partition for each Windows
OS Allow Linux to create default partitions
Install Windows first, then Linux Linux installation then produces a
menu to select Windows
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The Installation Process-Naming Computers Identify a computer on the network Windows communicates the computer
name to other computers on the subnet so it should be unique
Name of computer is not related to how the computer is recognized on the Internet
In Linux, the hostname can exist on more than computer, it only uses IP addresses for communication
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The Installation Process-Licensing Describes how the software can be used For Windows 2000, Microsoft assumes that
you have the correct number of client access licenses
For Windows Server 2003, each installation must be activated by Microsoft
Linux is basically free but there may be a cost for packaging, support, and extras Based on the GNU general public license Red Hat has personal, professional, and Advanced
Server options
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The Installation Process-Selecting a File System A file system determines how files are
stored on a hard disk Windows has two file systems
FAT is based on the original DOS file system and has no security
NTFS has security which is critical for a server The default user file system in Red Hat
Linux 8 is ext3, which offers some performance improvements over ext2
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Windows 2000 Server Installation Requires a 25-character product key In a production environment where you are
connected to the Internet, you will get an IP address from your ISP
Although a 2 to 3 GB partition is enough, you may want more
Use NTFS As setup installs the networking
components, do not wander away otherwise it will accept the default IP settings which you do not want
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Windows Server 2003 Installation The procedures for installing Web,
Standard, and Enterprise editions are the same
Installation is simpler than previous versions of Windows Only essential information such as
computer name, licensing, password, IP address, and domain membership are requested
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Linux 8 Installation As is true with Windows, you can
generally accept the defaults Remember to select Server as the
Installation Type This gives you a list of packages that are
appropriate for a server environment Remember to select "No firewall"
This makes it easier to configure and test your own firewall (Chapter 10)
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Basic Linux Concepts No drive letters The root is / To use a floppy or CD-ROM, the device must be
mounted mount /mnt/floppy mount /mnt/cdrom Now you can copy files between your hard drive
and /mnt/floppy When you double-click the CD-ROM or Floppy icon on
the desktop, the device is automatically mounted Before you remove the floppy, you have to
unmount it to flush the file buffer, if you copied files to it
umount /mnt/floppy
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Shell Prompt Most work is done at the shell prompt
which is the command-line interface ls – list files
ls /mnt/floppy to see contents of floppy cd – change directory
cd /mnt/floppy mkdir – create a directory
mkdir /mnt/floppy/test
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Shell Prompt rmdir – remove a directory
rmdir /mnt/floppy/test mv – move or rename a file
mv /etc/ftpaccess /var/ftp/ftpaccess cp – copy a file
cp var/ftp/ftpaccess /mnt/floppy locate – find a file
locate ftpaccess kedit <filename> - start editing a file
kedit /var/ftp/ftpaccess
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Kedit Text Editor The Kedit
text editor is similar to Windows Notepad
Note that the positioning of the icons is basically the same as Notepad
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Configuring TCP/IP in Windows To determine TCP/IP configuration, type ipconfig at a command prompt
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To Change the IP Address in Windows From the Local Area Status dialog
box, click Properties Select Internet Protocol (TCP/IP),
then click Properties Now you can change the IP address
The Advanced button allows you to add multiple IP addresses for a single NIC
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Configuring TCP/IP in Linux To determine TCP/IP configuration, type ifconfig at a shell prompt
The IP address is on the third line
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To Change the IP Address in Linux
In System Settings, click Network Click the Edit button Now you can change the IP
address Click OK, then Apply, and Close
to save the changes
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Summary Windows and Linux installations share
the task of creating partitions The same computer can have multiple
operating systems Windows server operating systems are
licensed based on the edition and the number of users
Linux licensing is based on the GNU general public license
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Summary Microsoft and Linux have improved
their ability to recognize devices There are many useful commands
when using the Linux shell prompt