THE COLD WAR_

CHAPTER 27

OVERVIEWAfter World War II, the Soviet Union

and the United States emerge as rivals. This rivalry is mainly diplomatic and strategic, but also leads both to become involved in military actions around the world. The rivalry dominates world politics for four decades.

(Teacher read)

TIMELINE1945 – U.N. formed; Cold War

begins

1947 – Truman Doctrine, Marshall

Plan

1949 – Communists take control

of China, NATO formed

1953 – Korean War ends (1950-

1953)

1954 – Civil Rights Movement

begins

1957 – Soviets launch Sputnik

1959 – Cuban revolution

1961 – Berlin Wall Built

1962 – Cuban Missile Crisis

1964 – More troops sent to

Vietnam

From Stettin in the Baltic to

Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron

curtain has descended across

the continent. Behind that line lie

all the capitals of the ancient

states of central and eastern

Europe, Warsaw, Berlin, Prague,

Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade,

Bucharest, and Sofia; all these

famous cities and the

populations around them lie in

the Soviet sphere and all are

subject, in one form or another,

not only to Soviet influence but to

very high and increasing a

measure of control from Moscow.

In substance,

Mr. Churchill

now stands in

the position of

a firebrand of

war.

IMPORTANT PEOPLE

• Dean Acheson

• Nikita Khrushchev

• Charles de Gaulle

• John F. Kennedy

• Martin Luther King, Jr.

CONFRONTATION

• USSR feared the Capitalist

West

• USA feared Communism

–USA wanted Eastern

European nations to

govern themselves after

WWII

• Stalin feared the Eastern

European countries would

be anti-Soviet if free

• Truman Doctrine – The

USA would give $$$ To

countries threatened by

Communist expansion

MARSHALL PLAN

• June 1947 – European

Recovery program begins

–Rebuilds war-torn Europe

• USSR and its satellite states

don’t take part, set up Council

for Mutual Economic

Assisstance

CONTAINMENT

•USA sets up policy of

containment to stop

spread of

Communism.

CRISIS IN BERLIN

• W. Germany unified, creates

a West German State in 1948

• USSR opposes, blockade

West Berlin

• US, GB airlift supplies into

West Berlin

• Blockade ends 1949

CON’T

•Berlin divided into two

parts, East and West

HTV 2005

1 2 3

4 5 6

7 8 9

0

Cold War Video

What were several

causes of the Cold

War?

THE COLD WAR SPREADS

• Chinese Communists take

control of China in 1949

• Fall of China, USSR first atom

bomb test starts an arms race

b/w the USA and USSR

NATO• April 1949-North Atlantic Treaty

Organization formed (NATO)

• Military alliance-members agreed

to help if another is attacked

• Warsaw Pact – USSR and Eastern

European nations form a military

alliance

KOREAN WAR

• North Korea (Commie) invades

South Korea (Democratic)

• USA helps S. Korea try to

repel North

• Lasts 3 years, boundaries

don’t change

SPACE RACE

• USSR puts Sputnik I

into orbit in 1957

• Sparks fears in USA of lag behind

USSR technology, missiles

BERLIN WALL

• August 1961 – Nikita

Khrushchev orders wall

built between East and

West Berlin to prevent

escape from East.

CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS

• Bay of Pigs – JFK orders secret invasion of Cuba to overthrow Communist Castro

–Invasion fails

• USSR sends arms and military to Cuba

–Places nuclear missiles in Cuba

CON’T

• JFK orders blockade of Cuba to

stop missiles from getting there

• Khrushchev agrees to remove

missiles if JFK promises not to

invade Cuba

• Close call to nuclear war

VIETNAM AND THE DOMINO

THEORY• Commie N. Vietnam invades S.

Vietnam

–USA applied domino theory to

Vietnam: if Vietnam fell to

Communism, other Asian

countries would fall, like

dominoes

ANTIWAR MOVEMENT

•Growing political

unrest at home due to Vietnam war

•USA ended up

withdrawing from Vietnam

COLD WAR PHASESCAUSES:

Mutual mistrust

Two ideologies

Arms Race

THE SPARK:

Berlin Blockade

Soviet Aggression

TURNING POINT:

China goes Commie

USSR gets A-Bomb

KOREAN WAR:

1950-53

Ended a draw (not

good)

VIETNAM:

1965-75

Commies won

FINAL STAGE:

1980s

Reagan bankrupted

USSR

EFFECTS:

USSR dead

Communism

discredited

TO BE

CONTINUED…