ch – 26 electric field. electric field model one or more charges (source charges) alter the space...
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Ch – 26 Electric Field
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Electric Field Model
• One or more charges (source charges) alter the space around them by creating an electric field, E.
• A separate charge (test charge or probe) experiences a force F, exerted by the field.
• F = qE
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Electric Field of a Point Charge
The unit vector points outward from the source charge
If q is negative the vector is reversed and points inward, toward the source charge
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Electric field of a dipole
• Two equal and opposite charges small distance apart
• Zero net charge but it causes an E field
• Dipole moment:
p = qs, pointing from negative to positive
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Electric Field of a Dipole
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E Field for an Infinite line of Charge
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Picturing the Electric Field
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Electric Field of a Dipole
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E Field for an Infinite line of Charge
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Electric Field of a Ring of Charge
(Ering)z = [1/(4πε0)] [zQ/(z2+R2)3/2]
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Electric Field of Charged Disk
Limit as R ∞
Note that this value of E does not depend on the distance from the charged plane (z), only on the surface charge density
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Electric field strength of an infinitely charged plane is independent of
distance from the charge
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Parallel Plate Capacitor
A parallel plate capacitor provides a uniform electric field.
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Motion of a charged particle in a uniform electric field
• a = F/m = qE/m = constant
• direction of a parallel to E
• charged particle will accelerate/decelerate in the direction of E
• projectile motion, if v0 is not parallel to E
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Motion in a Nonuniform Field
• circular motion of a charged particle around a point charge, charged sphere or wire
|q|E = mv2/r
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Simulation labSimulation lab
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Superposition problem
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Earth’s internal structure
Figure 1.13
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Plate tectonics: the new paradigm
Plate boundaries • Types of plate boundaries
• Divergent plate boundaries (constructive margins)
• Two plates move apart• Mantle material upwells to create new
seafloor • Ocean ridges and seafloor spreading
• Oceanic ridges develop along well-developed boundaries
• Along ridges, seafloor spreading creates new seafloor
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Figure 15.10a
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Figure 15.12
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Plate tectonics: the new paradigm
Plate boundaries • Types of plate boundaries
• Convergent plate boundaries (destructive margins)
• Oceanic-continental convergence • Denser oceanic slab sinks into the
asthenosphere • Pockets of magma develop and rise • Continental volcanic arcs form• Examples include the Andes,
Cascades, and the Sierra Nevadan system
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Figure 15.14a
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Plate tectonics: the new paradigm
Plate boundaries • Types of plate boundaries
• Convergent plate boundaries (destructive margins)
• Oceanic-oceanic convergence • Two oceanic slabs converge and one
descends beneath the other • Often forms volcanoes on the ocean
floor • Volcanic island arcs forms as
volcanoes emerge from the sea • Examples include the Aleutian,
Mariana, and Tonga islands
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Figure 15.14b
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Plate tectonics: the new paradigm
Plate boundaries • Types of plate boundaries
• Convergent plate boundaries (destructive margins)
• Continental-continental convergence • When subducting plates contain
continental material, two continents collide
• Can produce new mountain ranges such as the Himalayas
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Figure 15.14c
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Plate tectonics: the new paradigm
Plate boundaries • Types of plate boundaries
• Transform fault boundaries • Plates slide past one another
• No new crust is created or destroyed • Transform faults
• Most join two segments of a mid-ocean ridge
• Aid the movement of oceanic crustal material
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Figure 15.16
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