Chapter 2

Air interference Evolution &

Exp aline d by:Eng :Haze m Ahme d Mohame d

Review

Copyright 2012 Waleed Elsafoury

chapter UMTS air interference .

- not enough capacity

- Much problems in the air interface

- Low Data rate

- Some security weakness

- Limited Cell size (Max of 35 km)

GSM UMTS :

capacity .

interference .

data rate data .

security .

cell limited .

UMTS ..

yllaicremmoc saw MSG taht raey emas eht nI

eht detrats ydaerla dah ISTE ,dehcnual

noitareneg-txen eht rof krow noitazidradnats

snoitacinummocelet elibom esenapaJ tsegral ehT

a rof rednet a deussi ,oMoCoD TTN ,rotarepo

AMDCW

6991 ni detaerc saw muroF STMU ehT

ni seinapmoc tnatropmi tsom eht retaL

PPG3 eht ni secrof denioj snoitacinummocelet

margorp

STMU referp ton seod srotarepo snaciremA llA

G2 ISTE MSG metsys MSG... MSG

STMU... 2991 puorg puorg 21 STMU

... ... MSG puorg

.

rotarepo... ) ( 6991 euqinhcet G3 dradnats lanif OMOCOD TTN

. ISTE AMDC-W .

.

UMTS forum system .

3GPP group standard ( AMERICAN operators ) Ericson Motorola

NOKIA VODAFONE system ... band UMTS not available

band CDMA-2000 band 2G .

Reducing 3G Risks !

Minimize technical risks

Minimize implementation risks

Save 2G Investments!

Technical investments of operators

sales/marketing investments

Based on global GSM success & experience

Common Core Network (for GSM & UMTS)

based on GSM CN protocols

re-use GSM Supplementary Services

production experience of 2G equipment vendors

ETSI Report 1996:

UMTS downward compatible

Theres must multi-mode or dual terminal to assure handover between UMTS and GSM

alone system UMTS upgrading system .. system upgrading GSM .

save 2G investments 3G risks :

system based GSM .

GSM UMTS core network technique .

revodnah slocotorp MSG . dehcatta lortnoc rewop

eciov atad G2 secivres . G2 secivres

. srodnev G2 ecneirepxe

metsys gnidargpu . G3

.

gnihcraeS

STMU

gnihcraeS

MSG

SEY

ON

LLAC

ysuB krowteN

elibom ... G3 G2 ... G3 G2

. noitceles

G2 G3 llec revodnah .

eliboM ecivres G3 G2 G3...

G3 dnab. detarutas G2 . G3 elibom

dnab G2 G3 G3 ...

.... G3 dnab G3 sresu MSG RIE

. elibom

MSG: esahP

:DSCSH

s/tibk 511

mxa

D .ta

aar

et

:EGDE

s/tibk 355

+2 esahP MSG

:SRPG

s/tibk 171

ARTU

s/tibM 2

... G3 G2 gnidargpu .

atad MSG SRPG spbK511 DSCSH

ARTU STMU EGDE .spbM2 resu

DDT DDF

LD LU

xelpuD

noissimsnart

elpitluM

sseccA

AMDF

AMDC AMDT

euqinhcet ssecca dradnats ... : euqinhcet xelpud

ycneuqerf sresu euqinhcet ssecca . AMDC edoc AMDT emiT AMDF

knilnwod knilpu euqinhcet xelpud . sresu

TDD:

UL / DL

separated by

Time!

frequency fTime t

DL

FDD: UL / DL

separated by

Frequency!

frequency f

Time t

duplex distance

UL

UL

DL

UL

DL

UL

Frame

with n TS

duplex technique ... FDD TDD :

FDD frequency frequency GSM .

TDD frequency time slots slots uplink slots downlink .

WCDMA

Advanced TDMA

Hybrid WCDMA/TDMA

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)

4 access technique .

WCDMA system is 5 MHz carrier BW ??

WCDMA

synchronous asynchronous

May be with GPS

But it is costly

Preferred as it

dose not need

many changes in

GSM network

technique wide band-CDMA ...wide band carrier BW 5MHz ...CDMA .

W-CDMA synchronous ()asynchronous :()

Synchronous BS system frame ... ...GPS

satellite Atomic Clock ...BS GPS receiver .

Asynchronous BS start .

W-CDMA rate capacity quality security .

decnavdAAMDT

zHM 6.1 zHK 002 zHK 03

G2 naht segnahc hcum oN

atad AMDT decnavda ecivres reirrac WB etar

... . WB

secivres zHK002... zHK03 llac secivres zHM6.1... EGDE spbK355 atad

. atad

G3 G2 gnidargpu srotarepo . yticapac

emit 51 otni dedivid si emarf oidar A

tnereffid tols hcae nihtiw dna ,stols

dexelpitlum AMDC era slennahc

cesm 01 = sT 51 = emarF

tols emit AMDT AMDT/AMDC-W -W yticapac sedoc resu

: AMDC

yticapac ... AMDC-W etar ... . AMDT/AMDC-W

tols emit tols emit AMDT/AMDC-W . emit

reirrac reirrac AMDC-W . etar

noitaludom reirracitlum fo elpicnirp a no desab si MDFO

etar resu MDFO . . reirrac reirrac resu

draug reirrac resu draug reirrac tceles retlif

WB . WB detsaw

gnippalrevo draug WB draug.. . sreirrac

. ecnerefretni

slangis 2... lanogohtro

slangis2... 0 noitaludom... 1F reirrac langis

noitaludomed 1F noitaludom . 1F

tceles lanogohtro slangis2 noitaludomed 1F 1F 1F 1F

. 0 1F 2F . gnippalrevo

. euqinhcet

AMDT decnavda 2 4 AMDC/AMDT MDFO

euqinhcet xelpud... AMDC-W DDT... euqinhcet xelpud ... euqinhcet

. DDC DDF

... euqinhcet xelpud DDC . . edoc edoc

esu tsum ew tub paehc dna elpmis eroM si DDF

??DDT

cirtemmysa si 0002-TMI rof detacolla murtceps ehT

eht rof setar atad cirtemmysa htiw retteb si DDT

knilnwod dna knilpu

stnemerusaem rewop reisae si DDT

gnidargpu rof reisae si DDT

DDF DDF MSG ... DDT

dnab ... murtceps cirtemmysa STMU murtceps STMU zHM0022 zHM0091 G3

knilnwod knilpu... STMU

knilpu DDT DDT . . DDT reirrac knilnwod

resu DDF... etar atad cirtemmysa DDT etar knilnwod ycneuqerf knilpu ycneuqerf

tols 51 DDT DDT 01 knilpu 5

. knilnwod

tols DDT... rewop DDT ...

SB rewop rewop elibom DDF... revodnah

. rewop

. dnab gnidargpu DDT

DDT... DDF DDT ... roodni .

sresu 2... 1F DDT SB2 . emarf suonorhcnysa B A

rewop SB A ... rewop B B A ... rewop SB

atad A ycneuqerf ecnerefretni hgih gnidaerps edoc

. semarf ecnerefretni B

DDF htiw AMDCW

DDT htiw AMDT / AMDCW

xelpud DDF euqinhcet AMDC-W . euqinhcet

. DDT

.

3GPP select both FDD and TDD

FDD

5 MHz BW

3.84 Mcps

Paired

WCDMA

TDD

5 MHz BW

3.84 Mcps

Unpaired

WCDMA / TDMA

3GPP :

FDD :

BW carrier 5MHz ...chip rate code 3.84Mcps ...user frequency uplink frequency downlink TDD frequency uplink downlink ... W-

CDMA technique TDD W-CMDA/TDMA .

DDF -

.noitairav FS -

)LD( 4 - 215 morf ro )LU( 4 - 652 morf yrav nac FS

DDT -

1 61 morf yrav nac FS noitairav FS -

)ST( stolsemit fo noitanibmoc -

llac etar ... etar atad secivres STMU etar atad ... tenretni SMS etar

etar... reirrac WB etar atad etar pihc )bR / cR( rotcaf gnidaerps

... etar rotcaf gnidaerps etar . .

215 4 knilpu 652 4 rotcaf gnidaerps DDF . knilnwod

. 61 1 DDT

. 4 rotcaf gnidaerps

* Strongly asymmetric data streams in the

UL and DL directions are expected

* Different numbers of TS's can be used

for UL and DL.

services asymmetric data rate services downlink uplink .

TDD asymmetric time slot downlink time slot uplink time slot .

FDD .

Channelization codes

Scrambling codes

Synchronization codes

UMTS 3 codes ... codes .

1- Channelization code :

Channelization codes are used to separate channels from the same

source.

For DL this channelization means the separation of different users

For UL the channelization means the separation of different applications

... ecruos slennahc tnereffid . knilpu SM knilnwod SB ecruos

SB... knilnwod SB slennahc tnereffid selibom... knilnwod selibom slennahc

. sedoc knilnwod SB

elibom knilpu elibom slennahc slennahc elibom ... slennahc

ecivres tenretni gnittahc llac noitacilppa . edoc

SB noitacilppa sSM ... knilpu SM snoitacilppa... knilnwod

edoc FSVO edoc sedoc . rotcaf gnidaerps lanogohtro sedoc...

. edoc FSVO

. edoc FSVO

rotcaf gnidaerps... bR / cR = fS rotcaf gnidaerps llac eciov llac oediv ... etar ... .. llac eciov llac oediv noitamrofni

oediv gnidaerps STMU reirrac WB gnidaerps... WB eciov

.. WB

llac oediv resu gnidaerpsid resu . llac eciov ... ecnerefretni

yticapac bR fS . sedoc yticapac....

. rotcaf gnidaerps dnab sresu

)1( = 0,1CC

)1-,1( = 1,2CC

)1,1( = 0,2CC

)1,1,1,1( = 0,4CC

)1-,1-,1,1( = 1,4CC

)1-,1,1-,1( = 2,4CC

)1,1-,1-,1( = 3,4CC

0,652CC

1,652CC

2,652CC

552,652CC

452,652CC

652 = FS 4 = FS 2 = FS 1 = FS

sedoC FSVO = )m,nCC( sedoC noitazilennahC

. edoc FSVO

. edoc FSVO etareneg

edoc ... 1 trats edoc edoc ... edoc

.

... lanogohtro sedoc yticapac sedoc etar rotcaf gnidaerps

.

... draug zHM5... zHM5 WB 4HC... zHM48.3 WB

tib 2 sesahp 4 KSPQ noitaludom . tib 2 KSPQ lobmys ) 22 (

. lobmysM48.3 WB . stib 2 lobmys

... spbM68.7 reirrac WB

edoc resu resu resu gnidaerps

resu gnidaerpsid gnidaerps spbM86.7 etar resu ecnerefretni

. ) 1 = fS ( ... reirrac

... spbM48.3 resu reirrac sedoc etar rotcaf gnidaerps

. sresu 4 ... yticapac

:

1 rotcaf gnidaerps etar rotcaf gnidaerps 4 knilpu 652 4 fS 2

spbM29.1 etar 4 = fS knilnwod 215 . STMU resu

etar llac eciov ecivres resu ... edoc 46 = fS spbK021

reirrac WB spbM86.7 sresu .

edoc :

. lanogohtro edoc -1 . SB gnissecorp -2

reirrac WB sresu ecivres resu... zHM86.7

... ... . etar

spbM86.7 .... ... spb4 spb48.3 spbM8

... spbM8 .. edoc ... reirrac WB

... spbM5.7 5.0 . sedoc sresu elbaliava edoc

emas eht morf slennahc etarapes ot desu era sedoc noitazilennahC

.ecruos

: sedoc 2 1 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1

1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1

pihc tfihs edoc... lanogohtro sedoc 2 .

1 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1

. edoC ...

. detalerroc %001 sedoc 2

... trats lanogohtro sedoc ... sedoc

. ecruos sedoc

ecruos lanogohtro sedoc .

channelization code users uplink code sources uplink

shift .

channelization code : 1- user rate . 2- different MSs BS DL ...different

application MS UL .

code sources scrambling code .

2-scrambling code :

Scrambling codes are used to separate different sources.

For DL this means the separation of different BTSs

For UL the scrambling means the separation of different UE

Here we prefer Gold codes as it has low cross

correlation so minimizing the possibility to

miss a gold code to another

code BS downlink MSs uplink .BS code .

Gold sequences constructed by the XOR of two m-sequences with the same clocking

They can supply large number of code. They have very good cross correlation properties

gold code scrambling code ...low cross correlation .

PN generators length different XOR 2 codes PN generator XOR .

. edoc

. snoisrev detfihs edoc

edoc ROX edoc . secruos lanogohtro edoc dlog

Scrambling codes are used to separate different sources.

length code downlink ( 218-1 ) ( 224-1 ) downlink .rate .

. gnilbmarcs

etar atad . spcM48.3 etar tuptuo noitazilennahc

spcM48.3 etar edoc dlog gnilbmarcs . gnilbmarcs etar

gnidaerps edoc FSVO

. gnilbmarcs edoc dloG

3- synchronization code :

Primary code constant for all BTSs and it is in the first 256 bit in

each TS and it is used to synch with TS.

Secondary Code (16 codes)

We use only 512 code to separate BTSs ????

512 codes are divided into 64 group each of 8 codes

We put different secondary codes in each BTS changing every TS

synchronization code :

1- primary code : code . 2- Secondary codes :16 code .

synchronization code 3 .

1- Slot start . 2- Frame start . 3- BS code .

. tols51 cesm01 DDT DDF emarf

cesm01 DDF... DDF stols etadpu resU resu

DDF... yaled rewop . stols

knilnwod stols knilpu stols DDT . knilnwod knilpu DDF

. emarf yradnoces yramirp

edoc yramirp reirrac WB emarf tols pihc652 lellarap... ... edoc yradnoces

. ... lanogohtro

llec elibom . elibom... edoc SB trats emarf trats tols

reirrac eviecer tols reirrac elibom yramirp eviecer edoc yramirp

01 tols tols tols erawdrah... tols trats 6 5 . retlif dehctam

16 Fixed 256-bit Codes; Codes arranged into one of 64 patterns slot number Scrambling

Code Group #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #9 #10 #11 #12 #13 #14 #15

Group 1 1 1 2 8 9 10 15 8 10 16 2 7 15 7 16

Group 2 1 1 5 16 7 3 14 16 3 10 5 12 14 12 10

Group 3 1 2 1 15 5 5 12 16 6 11 2 16 11 15 12

Group 62 9 10 13 10 11 15 15 9 16 12 14 13 16 14 11

Group 63 9 11 12 15 12 9 13 13 11 14 10 16 15 14 16

Group 64 9 12 10 15 13 14 9 14 15 11 11 13 12 16 10

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

1 Frame = 15 slots = 10 mSec

SSC1

SSC2

SSC3

SSC4

SSC5

SSC6

SSC7

SSC8

SSC9

SSC10

SSC11

SSC12

SSC13

SSC14

SSC15

SSC16

SSCi

SSC1 SSC15

BS code ... system 512 gold code BS code ...BS reuse

code 2 BS code .

512 code 64 group group 8 codes ...8 codes gold code BS code BS

edoc hc tolip hc tolip 11111111 SB SB elibom edoc . edoc

elibom edoc hc tolip eliboM gnidaerpsid langis edoc SB edoc SB

daerps langis 1111111 edoc SB . edoc 215 edoc langis

015 005 edoc edoc 215 SB edoc puorg 8 edoc 215...

... 8 puorg ... puorg SB edoc

. yradnoces puorg

. edoc yradnoces puorg 46 puorg

. ) , 4S , 3S ,2S , 1S ( puorg

. ) , 7S , 5S , 3S , 1S ( puorg

SB edoc puorg . emarf puorg ... puorg

) , 4S , 3S , 2S , 1S ( edoc yradnoces . gnidaerpsid sedoc8 puorg

:

yramirp reirrac elibom ... trats tols

51 yradnoces trats tols ... puorg ) yradnoces ( tols

8 edoc puorg . SB edoc

:

yradnoces

41 61 11 11 51 21 61 01

yramirp elibom 46 puorg puorg puorg 41 yradnoces

SB edoc sedoc8 46 puorg ... .

9 21 01 puorg 46 puorg puorg... emarf tols emarf

. elibom

... SB edoc puorg 46 ...

puorg puorg 46 yradnoces 61 1 1 puorg 4... 4 61 / 46 ...

puorg ... 2 2 puorg 4 46 11 11 ...

11 11 31 11 11 puorg 4 . puorg46 11 11 31 4 puorg

tolS emiTspihc 0652

ST

sm 3/2

41#ST i#ST 0#ST f emarF

sm 01

pihCsn 4.062 s 000.048.3/1

AMDC ni tinu noitamrofni tsetrohs

tsruB 1 sniatnoc ST :DDT

fo noititeper cilcyc :DDF

)CPT .g.e( noitamrofni lortnoc

emarf AMDT :DDT

noitarud noissimsnart tsetrohs :DDF

: STMU erutcurts

... spcM48.3 = cR pihc tinu noitarud pihc pihc . cesn4.062 pihc

emarf cesm3/2 tols ... cesm3/2 51 / 01... tols51 stols cesm01

pihc cesn4.062 cesm3/2 pihc . pihc0652 tols

.. DDF DDT DDF

knilnwod... knilnwod dnab knilpu dnab wol knilpu... rewop ycneuqerf hgih

. MSG ycneuqerf

WB... sreirrac knilnwod knilpu ... LD LU zHM5 draug reirrac

1F reirrac resu 1F

xelpud knilnwod knilpu . knilnwod knilpu... ecnatsid

rotallicso... LD LU LD LU LU ... egnar

. LD

.qerF

zHM

emiT

TAS TASDDF DDFDDT DDT

1

9

0

0

1

9

2

0

1

9

8

0

2

0

1

0

2

0

2

5

2

2

0

0

2

1

1

0

2

1

7

0

deriapnU DDT

deriap DDF

deriap TAS

. 4... 0022 0091 dnab STMU

zHM0112 zHM5202 .

knilnwod 0712 0112 knilpu 0891 0291 DDF . reirrac21 zHM06

reirrac3 5202 0102 reirrac 4 0291 0091 DDT . reirrac 7 DDT

LU 0022 0712 LD 0102 0891 TAS elibom rewop LU... senohp etilletas

. rewop etilletas

noitacollA murtcepS eliboM stpygE

009 MSG

0081 MSG

069 5.749 539 529 519 5.209 098 088 zHM

0 3201 579 421 36 26 1 slennahC

LU

MSG-E

LD

MSG-E

588 197 877 667 147 617 835 215 slennahC

LD

0881 1681 6581 1581 6481 0181 5081 5871 6671 1671 6571 1571 5171 0171 zHM

5.8581 5.3671

LU

STMU

LD

0712 5612 0612 5512 0512 5412 0412 5312 0312 5212 0212 5112 0112 zHM

73801 21801 78701 26701 73701 21701 78601 26601 73601 21601 78501 26501 slennahC

LU

0891 5791 0791 5691 0691 5591 0591 5491 0491 5391 0391 5291 0291 zHM

7889 2689 7389 2189 7879 2679 7379 2179 7869 2669 7369 2169 slennahC

enofadoV

liniboM

talasitE

evitcA & desahcruP

rotarepo rof devreseR

STMU 0081 MSG 009 MSG dnab . talasite LINIBOM ENOFADOV

. 009 dnab

0081 dnaB .

. reirrac 2 STMU

daol G3 sresu G3 MSG sdnab ... G3

. elibom IEMI G3

Manager A Manager B

Secretary A Secretary B

FAX TELE. FAX TELE.

What to do?

How to Transport?

What to use?

Logical Channels

Transport Channels

Physical Channels

UMTS channels 3 :

1- Logical channels Information . 2- Transport channels information

modulation code . 3- Physical channels information .

UMTS Channels

Physical Channels

FDD TDD

Transport Channels

Logical Channels

Traffic Channels

Control Channels

logical information :

1- Control channels user information. 2- Traffic channels user information.

physical channels user FDD TDD:

FDD information carrier user code carrier FDD physical channel frequency code .

TDD user time slot information code time slot TDD physical channel code

time slot .

: metsys elibom noitamrofni

:noitamrofni toliP -1

langis ecnerefer metsys noitamrofni tolip ... 11111111 lennahc rorre ecnerefer rorre tib . MSG lennahc noitcerroc ycneuqerf ecneuqes gniniart

. edoc SB lortnoc rewop : noitamrofni noitazinorhcnyS -2

stols semarf metsys... ofni hcnys metsys tols atad resu

. SB elibom ... tols tols

SB trats emarf trats tols ofni hcnys . puorg edoc

3- System information :

system mobile system network name country code LA code routing area code cell identity

broadcast channel GSM . 4- Search information :

mobile cell paging GSM .

5- Access information :

mobile connection random access GSM .

information logical channel Mobile system .

.

. lennahc tropsnart

. 11111111 lennahc tolip ofni tolip

. ofni hcnys

.tols lennahc hcnys yramirP

. edoc SB lennahc hcnys yradnoceS

. sresu lennahc tsacdaorb ofni metsys

: ofni hcraes

edom gnipeels elibom lennahc noitacidni gnigaP ssecorp eviecerdnes elibom

... elibom . rewop gnivas elibom

elibom lennahc gnigaP . ISMT

ssecca elibom ofni ssecca rorre ... ssecca tseuqer

eliboM tnemgdelwonkca ssecca elibom . tseuqer

= fS edoc HCIPC edoc lennahc tolip . knilnwod 0 652

sresu HCPCCP edoc ofni metsys ofni hcnys slennahc3... 652 = fS 1 lennahc

yradnoces yramirp ... edoc yramirp tols lennahc tsacdaorb pihc652 tols .knilnwod . tsacdaorb yradnoces

edoc HCP HCIP edoc HCIP . knilnwod... 2 HCPCCS

HCIA KCA... HCARP HCAR . knilpU lennahc 3,2,1,0652C