Ch 22 PPCh 22 PP 11

Unit 7 – Chapter 22Unit 7 – Chapter 22

Africa South of the Sahara TodayAfrica South of the Sahara Today

I. Section II. Section I

Living in AfricaLiving in Africa

South of the SaharaSouth of the Sahara

Play Pump-Play Pump-Children play on merry-go-Children play on merry-go-

round and pump water round and pump water into tower at the same into tower at the same time!time!

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A. AgricultureA. Agriculture

Farming Methods & Export CropsFarming Methods & Export CropsFarming is the main economic activity of this Farming is the main economic activity of this

regionregionSubsistence FarmingSubsistence Farming – most people do this – most people do thisShifting FarmingShifting Farming – move every 2-3 years to find – move every 2-3 years to find

better soilbetter soilSedentary FarmingSedentary Farming – most common in areas – most common in areas

w/good soilw/good soilCommercial FarmingCommercial Farming – produce crops on a large – produce crops on a large

scalescale Cash CropsCash Crops – palm oil, peanuts, cacao, sisal (used in – palm oil, peanuts, cacao, sisal (used in

rope)rope)

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B. Logging & FishingB. Logging & Fishing

Forests cover almost 25% of this regionForests cover almost 25% of this regionThey are being destroyed rapidlyThey are being destroyed rapidlyWhy are these trees so important (especially in Why are these trees so important (especially in

the southern hemisphere)?the southern hemisphere)?

Commercial FishingCommercial FishingRepresents a small portion of economyRepresents a small portion of economy

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C. Mining ResourcesC. Mining Resources

Mining WealthMining WealthSouth Africa – world’s largest producer of goldSouth Africa – world’s largest producer of gold

Also produces gems & diamondsAlso produces gems & diamondsMany mines are foreign owned or owned by rich Many mines are foreign owned or owned by rich

white South Africanswhite South Africans Not much goes to the black mine workersNot much goes to the black mine workers Watch the movie “Blood Diamonds” if possible!Watch the movie “Blood Diamonds” if possible!

An Imbalance of RichesAn Imbalance of RichesPoor government management of resources has Poor government management of resources has

not helped the people of those countries, but not helped the people of those countries, but instead foreignersinstead foreigners

D. IndustrializationD. Industrialization Development of ManufacturingDevelopment of Manufacturing

Lack of Lack of infrastructureinfrastructure – – resources needed to resources needed to industrializeindustrialize

What does this cause?What does this cause? By the late 1990’s, only By the late 1990’s, only

15% of the region’s GDP 15% of the region’s GDP came from manufacturing!came from manufacturing!

Overcoming ObstaclesOvercoming Obstacles Lack of skilled workers, Lack of skilled workers,

power/energy, political power/energy, political conflicts/civil warsconflicts/civil wars

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E. Transportation & E. Transportation & CommunicationsCommunications

Roads & RailroadsRoads & Railroads Lack of money, skilled Lack of money, skilled

workers, rough terrain, workers, rough terrain, wars – all make it wars – all make it difficult to keep roads difficult to keep roads & railways in working & railways in working orderorder

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CommunicationsCommunications Mostly radioMostly radio TV & Telephones are TV & Telephones are

limitedlimited

Internet CommerceInternet Commerce Some Africans are Some Africans are

using the internet to using the internet to sell their goods and sell their goods and make a living!make a living!

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II. Section IIII. Section II

People & Their EnvironmentPeople & Their Environment

A. Shadow of HungerA. Shadow of Hunger

Today, many people Today, many people in this region must in this region must focus on survivalfocus on survival Hunger is one of the Hunger is one of the

biggest problemsbiggest problems In the 1990’s, many In the 1990’s, many

thousands of people thousands of people died of starvation in the died of starvation in the Horn of Africa – Horn of Africa – Somalia, Ethiopia, and Somalia, Ethiopia, and DjiboutiDjibouti

Drought & wars Drought & wars contributed to the contributed to the faminefamine

Ch 22 PPCh 22 PP 1111Hunger Trouble Spots

DesertificationDesertificationThe Sahel region once supported life and has The Sahel region once supported life and has

now been effected by drought, people, and now been effected by drought, people, and animals that have stripped this landanimals that have stripped this land

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A. (cont)A. (cont)

Conflict & HungerConflict & Hunger War continues to be a War continues to be a

major cause of faminemajor cause of famine Since 1990 – Liberia, Since 1990 – Liberia,

Sudan, Somalia, Sudan, Somalia, RwandaRwanda

MAJOR WAR MAJOR WAR ISSUES currently ISSUES currently occurring in occurring in Somalia Somalia and Sudanand Sudan

Recent peace treaty Recent peace treaty between Ethiopia & between Ethiopia & EritreaEritrea

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Farming & PeaceFarming & PeaceAfter Eritrea gained After Eritrea gained

its independence in its independence in 1993, farmers in 1993, farmers in both countries have both countries have tried to improve the tried to improve the landland

Still facing Still facing issues like issues like drought, thoughdrought, though

The sandals worn by the fighters of The sandals worn by the fighters of independence have become iconic. independence have become iconic. This monument in Asmara was This monument in Asmara was

erected in memoriamerected in memoriam..Ch 22 PPCh 22 PP 1414

B. Land UseB. Land Use Destruction of the Rain Destruction of the Rain

ForestForest In 1990, rain forest = In 1990, rain forest =

1.5 billion acres1.5 billion acres By 2000, 126 million By 2000, 126 million

acres had disappearedacres had disappearedHow does this How does this

affect the people affect the people living there?living there?

How does it affect How does it affect us?us?

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Endangered AnimalsEndangered Animals Depletion of rain forests destroys Depletion of rain forests destroys habitatshabitats Many animals face Many animals face extinctionextinction Many animals are killed by Many animals are killed by poachingpoaching

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Conservation & TourismConservation & Tourism Game preserves builtGame preserves built EcotourismEcotourism introduced introduced

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C. Toward the FutureC. Toward the Future

This region is trying to work towards This region is trying to work towards improvement for its plants, animals, & improvement for its plants, animals, & peoplepeople

Make sure you read pgs. 548-549 !Make sure you read pgs. 548-549 !