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Climate

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Page 1: Ch 21powerpoint

Climate

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Agree or Disagree?

1. ____ Climate is the average weather pattern of an area.

2. ____ There are three latitude zones: tropical, temperate and polar.

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What is CLIMATE

Climate is a yearlong average of weather patterns over an area.

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Factors That Affect Climate

LatitudeElevationTopographyWater bodiesGlobal WindsVegetation

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Latitude

As latitude increases, the intensity of solar energy decreases.

Three zonesTropicalTemperatePolar

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The Zones

Tropical ZoneThe region

between the Tropic of Cancer (23.5ºN) and the Tropic of Capricorn (23.5ºS)

WARM YEAR ROUND

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The Zones

Temperate ZoneThe region

between 23.5º and 66.5º North or South of the equator.

HOT summersCOLD winters

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The Zones

Polar Zone The region from

66.5º north and south of the equator to the poles.

Very cold temperature year round.

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Factors That Affect Climate

ElevationThe higher the

elevation is, the colder the climate.

The elevation of an area also determines the amount of precipitation it receives.

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Factors that Affect Climate

Topography Topography features

such as mountains play an important role in the amount of precipitation that falls over an areas. Mountain can cause a

rain shadow event

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Factors—Water Bodies

Large bodies of water such as lakes and oceans have an important effect on the temperature of an area because the temperature of the water body influences the temperature of the air above.

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Factors

Atmospheric Circulation Global winds distribute heat

and moisture around Earth. Warm air moves to the

poles and cold air moves to the equator

Vegetation Affect both

temperature and the precipitation patterns in an area.

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Agree or Disagree?

3. ____ Climate is the average weather pattern of an area.

4. ____ There are three latitude zones: tropical, temperate and polar.

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Climatographs

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Climatographs

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Climatographs

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Climatographs

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Climatographs

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Climatographs

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Agree or Disagree?

5. ____ There are no processes that can change climate.

6. ____The Greenhouse effect is the natural warming of Earth’s lower atmosphere and surface.

7. ____ Global warming is the result of increased greenhouse gases, like CO2, being released by humans.

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Worlds Climates

Most commonly used system for classification of climates Köppen Climate Classification Systems

Uses mean monthly and annual values of temperature and precipitation to classify climates.

Five principal groups Humid Tropical Dry Humid mid-latitude Polar Highland

Climates 101

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Humid Tropical Climates

Climates without winters. Every month there is a mean

temperature above 18ºC.Amount of Precipitation can exceed 200

cm.Two Types

Wet TropicalTropical Wet and Dry

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Humid Tropical Climates

Wet Tropical High temperatures High annual

precipitation

Tropical Wet and Dry High Temperatures High annual

precipitation Experience distinct

periods of low precipitation. Ex: Savannas

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Humid Mid-Latitude Climates

Mild winters with an average temperature in the coldest month that is below 18ºC but above -3ºC

Severe winters have an average temperature in the coldest month that is below -3ºC.

Types Humid Mid-latitude With Mild Winters (3 types) Humid Mid-latitude With Severe Winters (2 types)

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Humid Mid-Latitude With Mild Winters

Humid Subtropical Climates Between 25º and 40º

latitude on the eastern side of the continent.

Summer= hot, sultry Winter= mild

Marine West Coast Climates Between 40º and 65º N

or S on the coastal areaSummer= coolWinter= mildNorthern California to

southern Alaska

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Humid Mid-Latitude With Mild Winters

Dry-Summer Subtropical ClimatesBetween 30º and 45º latitudeStrong winter rainfall Only found in California

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Humid Mid-Latitude With Severe Winters

Humid Continental Climates Absent in Southern

Hemisphere Between 40º and 50º N

latitude Winters: severe Summers: warm and

greater precipitation

Subarctic Climates Winters are long

and bitterly cold Summers are warm

and very short. The highest annual

temperature range on Earth

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Dry Climates

A dry climate is one in which the yearly precipitation is not as great as the potential loss of water by evaporation.

Two Types Arid or desert Semi arid or steppe—transition

zone that surrounds the desert and separates if from humid climates

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Polar Climate

Polar climates are those in which the mean temperature of the warmest month is below 10ºC

Little precipitation falls Winters=extremely cold Summer=cool Two types

Tundra Ice Cap

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Polar Climates

Tundra Treeless region found almost

exclusively in the Northern Hemisphere.

Plant life of mosses, shrubs and flowering herbs grow.

Ice Cap Monthly mean temps. below 0ºC Covered with permanent ice and

snow

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Highland Climate

Highland climates are cooler and wetter than nearby areas at lower elevations

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The oceans heat up slowly but retain the heat for a longer period of time.

Sea Breezes blow inland bringing rain and cools the land in the summer.

In the winter, the coastal climates are warmer and generally wet and mild.

Coastal Area Climates

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Agree or Disagree?

8. ____ There are no processes that can change climate.

9. ____The Greenhouse effect is the natural warming of Earth’s lower atmosphere and surface.

10. ____ Global warming is the result of increased greenhouse gases, like CO2, being released by humans.

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Natural Processes that Change Climate

Volcanic Eruption Ocean Circulation Solar Activity Earth Motions CO2 fluctuations

Ocean acidification

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Natural Processes that Change Climate

Volcanic Eruptions The presence of volcanic

ash, dust, and aerosols in the air increase the amount of solar radiation that is reflected back into space. This causes Earth’s lower

atmosphere to cool.

Ocean Circulations Changes in ocean

circulation also can result in short-term climate fluctuation EX: El Niño

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Natural Processes that Change Climate

Solar Activity The formation of

sunspots appears to correspond with warm periods in Europe and North America

Sunspot link

Earth Motions Geographic changes

in Earth’s land and water bodies cause changes in climate

Changes in the shape of Earth’s orbit and the tilt of Earth’s axis affect global climates.

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Natural Processes that Change Climate

CO2 FluctuationsChanges in plant

growth ratesCO2 levels fall

during the growing season and rise in the winter

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Natural Processes that Change Climate

Ocean AcidificationDecrease in the ocean’s pH levels in the

ocean. CO2 is absorbed by the ocean and forms carbonic acid.

Coral Reefs: High levels of CO2 negatively affects corals making their shells.

50% of coral reefs have been destroyedOcean Acidification

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Human Impact on Climate Changes

The Greenhouse Effect Is a natural warming of both Earth’s lower

atmosphere and Earth’s Surface. Major Gases: Water vapor and Carbon

dioxide Makes life as we know it possible on Earth Humans have added more greenhouse

gases to the atmosphere in the past 200 years.

Greenhouse Effect clip NASA's link

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Human Impact on Climate Changes

Global WarmingAs a result of increases in

CO2 as well as other greenhouse gases, global temperatures have increased.

Affects multiple natural events like the weather and melting the polar ice caps.

Global Warming clip NASA Global Warming Facts

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El Nino verses La Nina

El Niño Trade winds weaken Warm ocean water

replaces offshore cold water near South America

Irregular intervals of three to seven years

Wetter than average winters in NC

Explanation of El Nino Another look at El Nino

La Niña Normal conditions between El Nino eventsWhen surface temperatures in the eastern Pacific are colder than averageThe southern US is usually warmer and dryer in climate

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Occurs: three to seven years

El Nino Southern Oscillation: ENSO

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World Climate Poster• Each group will need a

– Researcher, Presenter, Artist

• Your group will need to research about the characteristics of your assigned climate region.

– Average temperature and precipitation– Location on the Earth, latitude range and countries– If possible describe the seasons in this climate region– Examples of your region

• Information should be organized on a poster, in the following format:– Large title (name of climate region)– Pictures of the environment (scenes, animals, plants, maps, drawings, etc.)– Everything in color