ch 20: kingdom protista
DESCRIPTION
Ch 20: Kingdom Protista. Very diverse group Catch all - membership is determined mainly by exclusion from the other kingdoms. Eukaryotes. all Eukaryotes that are not plants, animals or fungus Mostly single celled, some multicelled, some colonial Classified by the way they obtain nutrition. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Ch 20: Kingdom Protista
Very diverse group
Catch all - membership is determined mainly by
exclusion from the other kingdoms
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Eukaryotes
all Eukaryotes that are not plants, animals or fungus
Mostly single celled, some multicelled, some colonial
Classified by the way they obtain nutrition
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Autotrophic or Heterotrophic
Animal LikePlant LikeFungus Like
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Autotrophic or Heterotrophic
Plant Like - AutrotrophsFungus Like - Heterotrophs
–obtain food by external digestion (decomposers or parasites)
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Animal Like Protists
ProtozoansHeterotrophs4 Phyla divided by the way
they move
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Zooflagellates
UnicellularSwim using flagella (1 or 2)Absorb food through cell membranesMost Reproduce asexually (Binary
Fission)
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Zooflagellates
Include several parasites that cause human diseases
Examples: Giardia
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SarcodinesUnicellularMove with Pseudopods
–temporary projections of cytoplasmFood vacuoles, EndocytosisReproduce asexually (BF)
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Sarcodines
Examples:
–Amoeba (A. Dysentery)
–Foraminiferans & Radiolarians (calcium carbonate)
–Heliozoans (silica)
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Amoeba
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CiliatesUnicellularMove & feed with cilia Free living - not parasiticReproduce by conjugation (sexual - pg
500)Most numerous and diverse group
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Ciliates
Example: Paramecium
(Anatomy page 499)
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Paramecium
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Sporozoans
UnicellularDo not move on their ownAll parasiticReproduce by means of sporozites -
sexual and asexual phases (pg 501)
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Sporozoans
Example: Malaria
–Plasmodium vivax
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Plant Like Protists
7major phylas
Unicellular & Multicellular Algae
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Plant Like Protists
Unicellular Algae
4 major phylas
Base of the food chain
(phytoplankton - Algae & Protozoan)
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EuglenophytesPlant like - has chloroplast, AutotrophicAnimal like - has 2 flagella, no cell walls
(pellicle), eye spot (reacts to light), can be heterotrophic in low light
Reproduces by BF
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Euglenophytes
Euglena: page 506
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DinoflagellatesHalf are photosynthetic, half are
heterotrophicHave 2 flagellaReproduce by BFMany are luminescent (fire plants - red tide)
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Chrysophytes
Yellow-green & Golden brown algaeGold colored ChloroplastsCell walls with pectinStore food as oil rather than starch
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Diatoms
Cell walls with siliconFit together like a petri dishRemains of the cell are used in
abrasives (diatomaceous earth)
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Plant Like Protists
Multicellular Algae
3 major phylas
Classified by pigments
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Red Algae
Reddish accessory pigments Can live deeper in the ocean
than most other AlgaeComplex life cyclesExample: Irish Moss
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Brown AlgaeBrown accessory pigmentsLargest, most complex algaeHave some specialized parts (Air
Bladders, Blades, Hold Fasts, Stipes)Example: Giant Kelp
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Green Algae
Phylum ChlorophytaCellulose in cell wallsSome are UnicellularLive in both fresh water and salt water
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Green Algae
Example: –Volvox–Spirogyra (colonial)–Sea lettuce (multicellular)
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Fungus Like Protists
HeterotrophicAbsorb nutrients from dead or decaying
organic matter2 groups
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Slime Molds
Have a 3 stage life cycleShiny wet appearance, texture like gelatinExamples: Red Raspberry & Scrambled
Egg Slime Mold
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Water MoldOomycotaThrive on dead or decaying organic material in waterAre plant parasites on landProduce Hyphae and zoosporangia
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Water Mold
Life Cycle page 519Example:
–Phytophthora infestans
(potato famine)
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Diseases caused by Algae
African Sleeping SicknessGiardiaAmoebic DysenteryMalaria
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Human Uses for Algae
Seaweed, agar, alginThickeners for ice cream & salad
dressingplastics, waxes, deodorant