Ch. 2, Sec. 1The Earth Inside and Out

Solar System

Center is sun-93 million miles away from Earth.

Earth is 3rd planet from sun.

What are planets in order???

Structure of the Earth• Inside the Earth

– Core-center of earth made up of nickel and iron.• Inner is a solid Outer is a liquid

– Mantle-made up of several layers. Thickest part– Crust-thinnest layer made up of rock

• On and Above the Earth– Atmosphere-layer of gases surrounds earth.– Lithosphere-solid rock part of surface that

includes the mantle.– Hydrosphere-makes up water on earth.– Biosphere-part of earth where plants and

animals live.

Continental Drift• Continents are always moving

– Started as Pangaea-1 supercontinent.– Broke into 2 parts-Laurasia & Gondwanaland– Continue moving into 7 continents.

Ch. 2, Sec. 2Bodies of Water & Landforms

• Bodies of Water– Oceans & Seas

• Make up 71% of planet.• 4 Main Parts??? _______, _______, _______, _______• Made of Salt water• 3 basic motions? _______, _______, _______• Motion helps keep temperatures even on earth.

• Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic• Waves, currents, tides

Iguacu Falls

Argentina

275 Falls

Hydrological Cycle• Continuous circulation of water between

atmosphere, oceans, and earth.

• Evaporation, Condensation, Transpiration, Runoff.

Landforms

• See Landform Activities Paper

• Relief-difference in elevation of a landfrom from lowest to highest points

• Topography-Shape of landforms and distribution of landforms on a map.– SHOWS VERTICAL DIMENSIONS(Height)

Ch. 2, Sec. 3 Internal Forces Shaping Earth

• Plate Tectonics– Huge plates moving constantly that float on magma

and represent the lithosphere. Slide past each other at fault lines

– 3 Types of Plate Movement• Divergent-plates moving apart. (Look @SA & Egypt)• Convergent-plates collide either crumbling or one plate

diving under the other. (India & Asia-Himalayas)• Transform-plates slide past one another causing

earthquakes

Earthquakes• As plates move, earthquakes occur. 1000s

happen every year, but many are not known.– Seismograph-instrument that detects and measures

waves created by earthquakes.– Richter Scale-uses seismograph information to

measure strength of earthquake.

• Tsunami-caused by earthquake in water. Large waves created

• Volcanoes-located along fault lines– Erupt shooting magma called lava, gases, ash,

rocks, and dust.