CHAPTER 19

Section 1: The Postwar Era

Section 2: Postwar Prosperity Crumbles

Section 3: Political Tensions After World War I

Section 4: Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany

Section 5: Dictatorship in the Soviet Union

The Great Depression and the Rise of Totalitarianism

SECTION 4

Bell Ringer 19.4:Why did people embrace totalitarianism?

Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany

Reasons People Embraced Totalitarianism

Italy Germany

SECTION 4Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany

BenitoMussolini

SECTION 4Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany

The Fascists conducted a violent campaign against their opponents – communists andSocialists using a gang of thugs called the Black Shirts.

SECTION 4Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany

Mussolini came to power after the "March on Rome" in 1922, and was appointed Prime Minister by King Victor Emmanuel.

SECTION 4Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany

What are the basic beliefs of Fascism?

• Nationalism: the belief that one's nation is of primary importance

• Authoritarianism: a political system controlled by typically non-elected rulers who usually permit some degree of individual freedom

• Militarism

SECTION 4Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany

What are the basic beliefs of Fascism? (cont.)• Single party state: single political party - no

other parties are permitted to run candidates for election

• Dictatorship: control by one person or a small group of people

• Social Darwinism: strongest or fittest should survive and flourish in society, while the weak and unfit should be allowed to die.

Section 4Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany

SECTION 4Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany

Fascism vs Communism• Totalitarian • state over the

individual• Powerful military• Controls through

censorship and propaganda

• Totalitarian • state over the

individual• Powerful military• Controls through

censorship and propaganda

SECTION 4Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany

Fascism vs Communism• Nationalistic• left farms and large

industries in the hands of their owners and let them run them as they saw fit so long as they provided the output the government demanded.

• Appealed to middle classes

• International

• seized all private property in the name of the state and put all industrial and economic production under the direct control of the government

• Appealed to working classes

SECTION 4Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany

Mussolini in control …

• Opposing parties were disbanded.

• Basic liberties were suspended.

• Strikes were outlawed.• Uniformed and secret

police spied on everyone.

• TOTALITARIANISM

Political CartoonFascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany

Political CartoonFascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany

Political CartoonFascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany

SECTION 4Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany

SECTION 4Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany

Reasons People Embraced Totalitarianism

Italy Germany

international turmoil international turmoil

weak government weak government

crippled economy crippled economy

dreams of former glory dreams of former glory

restoration of order restoration of order

Mussolini Hitler