Ch. 18Ch. 18: The : The Enlightenment & the Enlightenment & the American RevolutionAmerican Revolution

Enlightenment as Enlightenment as the result of the the result of the Scientific Method Scientific Method (1600’s – 1700’s)(1600’s – 1700’s)

Intro. ActivityIntro. Activity What is the direction and speed What is the direction and speed

in mph of a fastball traveling in mph of a fastball traveling from the front of a plane to the from the front of a plane to the back of the plane as observed back of the plane as observed from a person on the ground?from a person on the ground?

The plane is traveling at 400 The plane is traveling at 400 mph from east to westmph from east to west

The ball is traveling at 90 mph The ball is traveling at 90 mph from west to eastfrom west to east

400 mph400 mph

90 90 mphmph

To the guy on the ground, the To the guy on the ground, the ball is traveling 310 mph ball is traveling 310 mph

from east to west from east to west ((400 mph – 90 mph = 310 400 mph – 90 mph = 310

mphmph))

Whoa! That’s

awesome dude!

1. 1. Theory of CopernicusTheory of Copernicus

Unlike Unlike PtolemyPtolemy ( (who who believed that the earth believed that the earth was the center of the was the center of the universeuniverse), ), CopernicusCopernicus believed that our sun was believed that our sun was the center of the universethe center of the universe

2. 2. GalileoGalileo

What did he build?What did he build? The first telescopeThe first telescope

What did he see with it?What did he see with it? The planets revolved around the The planets revolved around the

sunsun How did it reinforce the beliefs of How did it reinforce the beliefs of

Copernicus?Copernicus? Supports a ‘sun-centered’ universeSupports a ‘sun-centered’ universe

3. 3. Roman Catholic ChurchRoman Catholic Church

How did it view these new scientific views?How did it view these new scientific views? The church did The church did notnot support this new scientific support this new scientific

way of thinkingway of thinking Through the Inquisition, the Church forced Through the Inquisition, the Church forced

Galileo to recant his findingsGalileo to recant his findings Why do you think the Church held this view?Why do you think the Church held this view?

These new scientific theories came up with These new scientific theories came up with ‘‘rationalrational’, ‘’, ‘scientific-basedscientific-based’ explanations for ’ explanations for things that occur in nature as opposed to things that occur in nature as opposed to GodGod

These views These views diminisheddiminished the the importanceimportance of of God/religionGod/religion

4. 4. Define the Scientific Method Define the Scientific Method and identify it’s 5 stepsand identify it’s 5 steps

The study of the natural world through The study of the natural world through direct observationdirect observation and and experimentationexperimentation

5 steps:5 steps: 11stst step – create a research question step – create a research question 22ndnd step – form a hypothesis step – form a hypothesis 33rdrd step – test hypothesis step – test hypothesis 44thth step – analyze data step – analyze data 55thth step – prove/disprove hypothesis step – prove/disprove hypothesis

In-Class Activity/HomeworkIn-Class Activity/Homework::

Respond to these new scientific theories Respond to these new scientific theories from the following perspectives:from the following perspectives: A Church clergymanA Church clergyman A scientific thinkerA scientific thinker

For each perspective, write 3 to 5 For each perspective, write 3 to 5 sentences either supporting these new sentences either supporting these new scientific views or arguing against themscientific views or arguing against them

Assessment: 10pts.Assessment: 10pts. 5 pts. for clergy perspective5 pts. for clergy perspective 5 pts. for scientific thinker perspective5 pts. for scientific thinker perspective