ch. 13 - emotion. theories of emotion james - lange theory cannon - bard theory two factor theory
TRANSCRIPT
Cognition and emotion
• Robert Zajonc (Zi-yence)– We feel before we
think– Emotions can
occur without conscious thinking
The polygraph
• Measures changes in:– Breathing– Heart rate (Cardiovascular activity)– Perspiration
• Nonverbal clues– Facial muscles - the most unambiguous clue– Other clues = hand gestures & body language
Observational learning of emotions• Monkeys raised in the wild fear snakes
• Monkeys raised in the laboratory do not fear snakes– After observing parents and peers fear snakes,
younger monkeys developed a fear of snakes
Anger
• Perception of anger most common when a person’s actions seemed:– Willful– Avoidable– Unjustified
How can you handle anger?
• 1. Wait (simmer down)
• 2. Use a non-accusing statement of feeling (“I” statement)
• 3. Avoid “You” statements
Happiness
• Our general happiness level is largely unchanged by both very positive or very negative events.
Adaptation - level phenomenon
• Our tendency to judge items (income, grades, sounds, lights) relative to a “neutral” (or accustomed) level based on our prior experience.– E.g. income– temperature– Grades
Relative deprivation
• We often feel happy or deprived (rich or poor) relative to the people we compare ourselves to.– E.g. “Poor” in the U.S. is not poor in India– E.g. 90% on an exam feels good until you learn
everyone else in the class had a score over 95%