Ch 12

ArabiaDesertSettled near oasisNomads lived in tents and raised herds of

sheep, goats, and camelsOthers lived a sedentary life near oasis (no

rivers)

Muhammad brought a new religion to Arabia.

An angel spoke to him and made him a prophet. Leaders in Mecca didn’t like this and planned to kill him.They moved to Medina.He died in 632 AD

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The religion formed from his messages is called ISLAM.The followers of Islam are called MUSLIMS.

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Which country has more Muslims than any other

country in the world?

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Indonesia - with over 200 million Muslims. Note: The U.S. has about 5 million Muslims.There are over 1 billion Muslims worldwide.

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7http://www.skidmore.edu/academics/arthistory/ah369/islam_map.jpg

Muslims are monotheistic and worship the same one God as Christians and Jews. They call God, Allah.

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‘

Qur’an is the holy book of Islam—guidelines for moral behavior--don’t eat pork--free slaves--a few rights for women

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Jihad—means to make an effort or to struggle (also translated into “holy war”)

Sunnah—refers to the way Muhammad lived, provides a model (religious, personal and business)

Islamic law—Shariah (rewards for good behavior and punishment for crimes)

Caliph—title Muslims use for the highest leader of Islam

WomenMuslim women have many different styles of

dress. (Very few cultures require women to cover their faces.)

Many cover their heads.The treatment of women varies from country

to country and family to family.Some Muslim countries, like Pakistan, have

had female prime ministers. The U.S. has never had a female president.

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Shariah TV website

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Green Cine.com 16

Shariah TV website

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Shariah TV website

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International Medical Corps photo 19

Five Pillars of Islam—acts of worship required by all Muslims

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Belief in one God and that Muhammad is His

prophet.

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5 times a day – facing Mecca

--must wash before praying

http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/galleries/salah/images/5.jpg 24

Giving money to the poor is REQUIRED, not optional

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During the month of Ramadan, Muslims cannot eat or drink anything during the daylight hours.This shows that God is more important than their own bodies. 26

Once in their lives – IF they can afford it, Muslims make a pilgrimage to Mecca

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www.thefaithclub.com 28

MOSQUE: a Muslim place of worshipALLAH: name the Muslims call God

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http://islamicbooks.info/H-21-Madh'habs 30

http://www.solarnavigator.net/geography/egypt.htm 31

http://www.ask-aladdin.com 33

http://cs.ua.edu/~greg/personal.html 34

http://www.britannica.com 35

http://www.perceptivetravel.com/issues/1106/maclean.html 36

http://www.worldisround.com/articles/73022/photo621.html 37

Mosque in Djenne, Mali (West Africa)

http://www.travelblog.org/Photos/17028.html 38

North African mosque

http://www.galenfrysinger.com/tunis.htm 39

Indonesian mosque

http://www.richard-seaman.com/Travel/Brunei/index.html 40

Islamic architecture in Spain

http://www.islamservices.org 41

http://www.4uth.gov.ua/usa/english/society/muslimlife/mosques.htm 43

Minaret—narrow tower from where Muslims are called to pray (looks like the tower of a castle)

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The Quran

http://www.minhajsisters.com/home/articles/index.minhaj?id=8 45

The OttomansMid-1200s Muslim Turkish warriors known as

Ottomans began to take territory from the Byzantine Empire

1453 Mehmed II used huge cannons to conquer Constantinople

Renamed Constantinople, IstanbulTurned Hagia Sophia into a mosqueThe Ottoman Empire reached its height under

Suleyman I—controlled eastern Mediterranean (to include north Africa) until early 1800s

AchievementsCreated algebraImproved astrolabeMore accurate maps of the worldStarted first pharmacy schools, treat smallpoxWrote medical encyclopediaSufism—believe they can find God’s love by

having a personal relationship with God (part of Islam)

Omar Khayyam—famous Sufi poetCalligraphy—decorative writing

Stained glass windows in the Topkapi Palace in Istanbul, Turkey

http://www.geocities.com/mlafren/english/turk.html 48

Taj Mahal--

the jewel of Muslim art in India

Conclusions:Islam is an important religion, which shares

many beliefs and practices with Christianity and Judaism.

Muslims live in many different countries. Islam is especially widespread in Africa, Asia, and southeastern Europe (the Balkans).

Islam has had a great impact on world art and culture.

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