Ch. 10-2: Social and Economic Ch. 10-2: Social and Economic ReformReform

Jacob Riis- wrote “How the Jacob Riis- wrote “How the Other Half Lives”Other Half Lives”

Looked at how poor Looked at how poor immigrants lived their livesimmigrants lived their lives

Settlement House- place Settlement House- place where poor immigrants went where poor immigrants went for helpfor help

Jane AddamsJane Addams

Hull House- settlement house Hull House- settlement house in Chicago for poor immigrantsin Chicago for poor immigrants

Offered classes in English, art, Offered classes in English, art, and basic living skillsand basic living skills

Jane AddamsJane Addams

Suffrage MovementSuffrage Movement

Suffrage Movement wanted to Suffrage Movement wanted to give women the right to votegive women the right to vote

Led by Susan B. Anthony and Led by Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady StantonElizabeth Cady Stanton

Western states 1Western states 1stst to give to give women the right to votewomen the right to vote

ViewpointsViewpoints

Many felt the women’s place Many felt the women’s place was in the home not D.C.was in the home not D.C.

1920- 191920- 19thth Amend. Women get Amend. Women get the right to votethe right to vote

Margaret Sanger- pushed for Margaret Sanger- pushed for birth controlbirth control

NAACPNAACP

Goal was to protect the rights Goal was to protect the rights of African Americansof African Americans

Wanted to eliminate Jim Crow Wanted to eliminate Jim Crow LawsLaws

Marcus Garvey- leader of the Marcus Garvey- leader of the “Back to Africa” movement“Back to Africa” movement

Marcus GarveyMarcus Garvey

Temperance/ProhibitionTemperance/Prohibition

Many felt crime, poverty and Many felt crime, poverty and murder were a cause of murder were a cause of alcoholalcohol

Temperance Movement- urged Temperance Movement- urged people to abolish the sale and people to abolish the sale and drinking of alcoholdrinking of alcohol

Prohibitions EnforcementProhibitions Enforcement

Political ReformPolitical Reform

Many cities were run by Many cities were run by “Political Machines”“Political Machines”

NYC- Boss Tweed and NYC- Boss Tweed and Tammany Hall were the most Tammany Hall were the most corrupt and robbed millionscorrupt and robbed millions

Political Bosses promised Political Bosses promised immigrants jobs in exchange immigrants jobs in exchange for their votesfor their votes

They gained office and They gained office and became very corruptbecame very corrupt

ReformReform

Direct Primary- people vote in Direct Primary- people vote in a primary election for a a primary election for a candidate to represent a partycandidate to represent a party

Initiative- petitions circulated Initiative- petitions circulated so law makers may consider a so law makers may consider a lawlaw

Referendum- proposed law Referendum- proposed law where the people vote on where the people vote on election dayelection day

Recall- people can call for a Recall- people can call for a special election to remove a special election to remove a politician from officepolitician from office

Secret ballot became popularSecret ballot became popular

Child Labor LawsChild Labor Laws

Child labor was very commonChild labor was very common1914- laws issued to prevent 1914- laws issued to prevent

child laborchild laborEarly 20Early 20thth century U.S. cities century U.S. cities

begin to clean upbegin to clean up

Teddy RooseveltTeddy RooseveltT. Roosevelt- felt that as president T. Roosevelt- felt that as president

he needed to protect both industry he needed to protect both industry and the common laborersand the common laborers

Roosevelt was known as the “Trust Roosevelt was known as the “Trust Buster” b/c he was the first Buster” b/c he was the first president to attack big businessespresident to attack big businesses

He enforced the Sherman Anti-He enforced the Sherman Anti-Trust Act by attacking the Northern Trust Act by attacking the Northern Securities Co.Securities Co.

Roosevelt believed that their were Roosevelt believed that their were both good and bad trustboth good and bad trust

Good Trust- those that helped the Good Trust- those that helped the public and provided necessary public and provided necessary services but they needed to be services but they needed to be restrainedrestrained

Bad Trust- those that drove out Bad Trust- those that drove out competition and abused the workers competition and abused the workers and they should be eliminatedand they should be eliminated

TR the ConservationistTR the Conservationist

Roosevelt loved the environment Roosevelt loved the environment and felt that he needed to and felt that he needed to preserve it for future generationspreserve it for future generations

He helped establish the National He helped establish the National Parks ServiceParks Service

Roosevelt LegacyRoosevelt Legacy

Helped regulate the RailroadsHelped regulate the RailroadsKnown as the Trust BusterKnown as the Trust BusterAvid ConservationistAvid ConservationistHelped build the Panama CanalHelped build the Panama CanalConsidered one of Americas Considered one of Americas

greatest and vocal presidentsgreatest and vocal presidents

1912 Election1912 Election

Democrats- Woodrow WilsonDemocrats- Woodrow WilsonRepublicans- Party was split Republicans- Party was split

between Taft and Rooseveltbetween Taft and RooseveltWilson won easilyWilson won easilyDebs- represented the Socialist Debs- represented the Socialist

PartyParty

Underwood TariffUnderwood Tariff

Tariffs lowered, which dropped Tariffs lowered, which dropped the price of consumer goodsthe price of consumer goods

1616thth Amend- Graduated Income Amend- Graduated Income Tax which is based on a % of Tax which is based on a % of your incomeyour income

Clayton Antitrust ActClayton Antitrust Act

Strengthened the Sherman Strengthened the Sherman Antitrust ActAntitrust Act

Prevented holding companies, Prevented holding companies, interlocking directorships which interlocking directorships which were illegalwere illegal

Federal Trade Commission ActFederal Trade Commission Act

Investigates questionable Investigates questionable business practicesbusiness practices

Orders companies to “Cease and Orders companies to “Cease and desist” from illegal activitiesdesist” from illegal activities

Federal Reserve SystemFederal Reserve System

Banks often failed b/c they didn’t Banks often failed b/c they didn’t have enough money in the vaulthave enough money in the vault

Fed. Reserve- regulates the Fed. Reserve- regulates the money that is in circulation and money that is in circulation and controls interest ratescontrols interest rates

Progressive AmendmentsProgressive Amendments

1616thth- Income Tax- Income Tax1717thth- People now directly elect - People now directly elect

their national senatorstheir national senators1818thth- Prohibition of alcohol- Prohibition of alcohol1919thth- Women get the right to vote- Women get the right to vote