Paraphrase & Quotation

ParaphrasePut your margin notes in your own words as

often as possible:-think of synonyms-rearrange the word order

Eventually, these notes will become complete sentences again, but they will be your own

You can always use the text to find the direct quote later, if necessary.

QuotationUse quotations sparingly...less is more!

Choose quotes carefully. Quote the following:-memorable language (elegant, powerful)-clear, concise language (well said)-authoritative language (experts)

Avoid freestanding quotations (a quote cannot stand alone as a sentence. You need other words too.)

Quote only what you need. Example:

Original text by Amy BrownIn order to travel with complete safety, one must educate oneself carefully, following the rules designed by the experts.

Your quotationAccording to Amy Brown, the safest way to travel is by “following the rules designed by the experts” (432).

Ellipses . . .-In expository writing, use only to omit words. Example:Original text by Amy BrownIn order to travel with complete safety, one must educate oneself carefully, following the rules designed by the experts.Use of ellipsesAs Amy Brown suggests, for safe travel, “one must educate oneself...following the rules” (432).

*no ellipses at the beginning or end of the quote!*if you are skipping sentence or more, use 4 periods

[Brackets] are used where you add or substitute words for clarity. Example:

Original text by Amy BrownIn order to travel with complete safety, one must educate oneself carefully, following the rules designed by the experts.

Use of brackets in a student essayAccording to Amy Brown, “educate [yourself] carefully, following rules designed by the experts” (432).