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Ch. 1-Introduction toCh. 1-Introduction toFirst Aid CareFirst Aid Care

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1.1 What Is First Aid?1.1 What Is First Aid?

The principal aims of first aid are toThe principal aims of first aid are to Recognize life-threatening situationsRecognize life-threatening situations Activate the EMS systemActivate the EMS system Supply artificial ventilation and circulation Supply artificial ventilation and circulation

when neededwhen needed Control bleedingControl bleeding Care for other life-threatening conditionsCare for other life-threatening conditions Minimize further injury and complicationsMinimize further injury and complications Prevent infectionPrevent infection Make the victim as comfortable as possibleMake the victim as comfortable as possible

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PROGRESS CHECKPROGRESS CHECK

1. First aid is the ____________ care given to a person 1. First aid is the ____________ care given to a person who is injured or suddenly becomes ill. who is injured or suddenly becomes ill. (first/basic/temporary)(first/basic/temporary)

2. One of the primary principles of first aid is to 2. One of the primary principles of first aid is to ____________. ____________.

(activate the EMS system/drive the patient to the (activate the EMS system/drive the patient to the hospital/care for all wounds yourself)hospital/care for all wounds yourself)

3. A goal of first aid is to minimize____________.3. A goal of first aid is to minimize____________.

(complications/pain/need for additional care)(complications/pain/need for additional care)

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1.2 General Procedures1.2 General Procedures

1. Observe the accident scene as you approach 1. Observe the accident scene as you approach it.it.

2. Keep yourself and others at the scene safe.2. Keep yourself and others at the scene safe.

3. Gain access to the victim(s) and determine 3. Gain access to the victim(s) and determine any immediate threats to life.any immediate threats to life.

4. Provide basic life support to those whose 4. Provide basic life support to those whose lives are threatened.lives are threatened.

5. Summon more advanced medical help if 5. Summon more advanced medical help if needed.needed.

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Arranging for Medical Assistance Arranging for Medical Assistance (Activating the EMS System)(Activating the EMS System)

The exact location of the victimThe exact location of the victim The phone number where you can be The phone number where you can be

reachedreached Any information about the victim that Any information about the victim that

will help the dispatcherwill help the dispatcher

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PROGRESS CHECKPROGRESS CHECK

1. You should provide basic life support first to 1. You should provide basic life support first to ____________.____________.

(victims of cardiac arrest/victims who are bleeding/the (victims of cardiac arrest/victims who are bleeding/the most seriously injured)most seriously injured)

2. During the first few minutes after an accident, you 2. During the first few minutes after an accident, you should activate ____________. should activate ____________. (bystanders/the EMS (bystanders/the EMS system/additional caregivers)system/additional caregivers)

3. If you are alone, you should provide rescue support 3. If you are alone, you should provide rescue support to a child for ____________ before telephoning for to a child for ____________ before telephoning for help. help. (1 minute/2 minutes/5 minutes)(1 minute/2 minutes/5 minutes)

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1.3 Aspects of First Aid1.3 Aspects of First Aid

First Aider SkillsFirst Aider Skills Legal Aspects of First AidLegal Aspects of First Aid Controversies in First Aid CareControversies in First Aid Care

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Legal Aspects of First AidLegal Aspects of First Aid

Duty to ActDuty to Act Good Samaritan LawsGood Samaritan Laws ““Reasonable-Man” TestReasonable-Man” Test Right to Refuse CareRight to Refuse Care

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PROGRESS CHECKPROGRESS CHECK

1.1. Duty to act Duty to act means you have a _________ to give aid. means you have a _________ to give aid. (responsibility/legal obligation/choice)(responsibility/legal obligation/choice)

2. The “reasonable-man” test shows that you acted as 2. The “reasonable-man” test shows that you acted as a normal, prudent person would have acted under a normal, prudent person would have acted under the ____________. the ____________. (same circumstances/law)(same circumstances/law)

3. ____________ means you acted with carelessness, 3. ____________ means you acted with carelessness, inattention, disregard, or oversight.inattention, disregard, or oversight.

(Imprudence/Negligence/Recklessness)(Imprudence/Negligence/Recklessness)4. Every competent adult has the right to give 4. Every competent adult has the right to give

____________ to treatment. ____________ to treatment. (approval/permission/consent)(approval/permission/consent)

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1.4 Infectious Disease 1.4 Infectious Disease TransmissionTransmission

For disease to spread, three things must happen:For disease to spread, three things must happen:

1. Infecting organisms, such as bacteria and viruses,1. Infecting organisms, such as bacteria and viruses,

must survive outside their host—an infected person,must survive outside their host—an infected person,

an animal, or an insect. an animal, or an insect.

2. The infecting organism must then move from one2. The infecting organism must then move from one

place to another.place to another.

3. The infecting organism must then invade a new3. The infecting organism must then invade a new

person’s body and begin to multiply there. person’s body and begin to multiply there.

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Identifying Infectious Identifying Infectious DiseasesDiseases

A rash or skin lesionA rash or skin lesion An open soreAn open sore DiarrheaDiarrhea VomitingVomiting Headache with stiff Headache with stiff

neckneck Yellowish skin or Yellowish skin or

eyeseyes

Coughing or Coughing or sneezingsneezing

Draining or oozing Draining or oozing woundswounds

Profuse sweatingProfuse sweating Abdominal painAbdominal pain

A victim with any of the following should A victim with any of the following should be considered infectious:be considered infectious:

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Identifying Infectious Identifying Infectious DiseasesDiseases

Not all patients who are infectious Not all patients who are infectious will show outward signs of disease. will show outward signs of disease. You should avoid all contact will all You should avoid all contact will all body fluids from patients – regardless body fluids from patients – regardless of whether they appear sick. of whether they appear sick.

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VocabularyVocabulary Good Samaritan laws-Good Samaritan laws- Laws that protect health care Laws that protect health care

personnel and provide guidelines for care personnel and provide guidelines for care Negligence-Negligence- Acting with carelessness, inattention, Acting with carelessness, inattention,

disregard, inadvertence, or avoidable oversightdisregard, inadvertence, or avoidable oversight ““Reasonable-man” test-Reasonable-man” test- Did the First Aider act the Did the First Aider act the

same way a normal, prudent person with similar same way a normal, prudent person with similar training would have acted under the same training would have acted under the same circumstances?circumstances?

Actual consent-Actual consent- Informed consent Informed consent Implied consent-Implied consent- Assumption that a victim of life- Assumption that a victim of life-

threatening injury or illness would give consent threatening injury or illness would give consent Minor’s consent-Minor’s consent- The right of consent given to a The right of consent given to a

parent or guardianparent or guardian Infectious disease-Infectious disease- A disease that can be A disease that can be

transmitted from one person to another or from transmitted from one person to another or from an insect or animal to a person an insect or animal to a person

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Bloodborne PathogensBloodborne Pathogens

Hepatitis B Hepatitis B Hepatitis CHepatitis C HIVHIV HerpesHerpes TuberculosisTuberculosis MeningitisMeningitis

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PROGRESS CHECKPROGRESS CHECK

1. To prevent the risk of bloodborne infection, you1. To prevent the risk of bloodborne infection, youshould always wear _________ when caring for ashould always wear _________ when caring for avictim.victim.(a face mask/a gown/protective gloves)(a face mask/a gown/protective gloves)2. Use a ____________ when giving mouth-to-mouth2. Use a ____________ when giving mouth-to-mouthresuscitation.resuscitation.(face mask/pocket mask/face shield)(face mask/pocket mask/face shield)3. The best protection against disease you have is to3. The best protection against disease you have is to____________ after giving treatment.____________ after giving treatment.(wash your hands/take an antibiotic/use antiseptic)(wash your hands/take an antibiotic/use antiseptic)

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1.5 Safety at the Scene1.5 Safety at the Scene

FireFire Unstable StructuresUnstable Structures Motor Vehicle AccidentsMotor Vehicle Accidents Electrical HazardsElectrical Hazards WaterWater Hostility and ViolenceHostility and Violence

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PROGRESS CHECKPROGRESS CHECK

1. Your first priority at the scene of an accident is 1. Your first priority at the scene of an accident is ____________.____________.

(reaching the victim/staying safe/preventing further injury (reaching the victim/staying safe/preventing further injury to the victim)to the victim)

2. You should call the fire department in case of 2. You should call the fire department in case of ____________.____________.

(any fire/a fire that is out of control/a fire that is creating (any fire/a fire that is out of control/a fire that is creating toxic fumes)toxic fumes)

3. One of the greatest threats to safety from a motor 3. One of the greatest threats to safety from a motor vehicle accident is ____________. vehicle accident is ____________. (fire/gasoline (fire/gasoline fumes/oncoming traffic)fumes/oncoming traffic)

4. You can touch a downed power line __________.4. You can touch a downed power line __________.(with a stick/if you are wearing rubber-soled boots/only (with a stick/if you are wearing rubber-soled boots/only

after the power company has turned off the power)after the power company has turned off the power)5. If a victim is hostile, _______________________.5. If a victim is hostile, _______________________.(restrain the victim yourself/have bystanders help you(restrain the victim yourself/have bystanders help yourestrain the victim/call the police)restrain the victim/call the police)