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CGE 674CGE 674CGE 674CGE 674

FORMATION EVALUATIONFORMATION EVALUATIONFORMATION EVALUATIONFORMATION EVALUATION

TENGKU AMRAN TENGKU MOHD

MSc Petroleum Engineering (UTP)

B.Eng (Hons) Chemical (UKM)

FACULTY OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

UiTM, SHAH ALAM

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ADVANCED LOGGING6

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6.1 Overview of NMR Logging

6.2 NMR Logging

- NMR Logging Raw Data

- NMR Porosity- NMR T2 Distribution

- NMR Permeability

- NMR Properties of Reservoir Fluids- NMR Hydrocarbon Typing

- NMR Logging Applications

Outline

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After completing this chapter, you should beable to:

- Describe the basic principles of NMR logging

- Discuss the NMR Logging raw data, NMRporosity, T2 distribution, permeability,properties of reservoir fluids and HC typing

- Identify the applications of NMR logging

Objectives

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Overview of NMR Logging6.1

HOW DOES MEDICAL MRI WORK???

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Multi-cross-sectional image of human head demonstrates how a medical MRI

can be used (light and dark areas show different fluid content)

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Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is one of the most valuableclinical diagnostic tools in healthcare today.

Magnetic resonance signals from hydrogen nuclei at specificlocations in the body can be detected and used to construct animage of interior structure of the body - may reveal physicalabnormalities and aid in diagnosis of injury and disease.

MRI in human head demonstrates 2 important MRIcharacteristics:

i. Signals used to create each image come from well-definedlocation, typically a thin slice or cross section of the target (each

image is sharp, containing only information from the imaged cross-section, with material in front or behind being essentially invisible)

ii. Only fluids (e.g. blood vessels, body cavities and soft tissues) arevisible, while solids (e.g. bone) produce a signal that typicallydecays too fast to be recorded.

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HOW CAN THOSE SAME NMRPRINCIPLES USED TO DIAGNOSE

ANOMALIES IN HUMAN BODY, BE USEDTO ANALYZE THE FLUIDS IN THE PORESPACES OF RESERVOIR ROCKS??

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At the center of an MRIL tool, apermanent magnet produces amagnetic field that magnetizesformation material.

Figure illustrate cylinder ofinvestigation for MRIL-Prime

tool. Diameter and thickness of

each cylindrical region areselected by simply specifying

the central frequency andbandwidth to which the MRILtransmitter and receiver aretuned.

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MRIL tool is fundamentally different from conventionallogging tools:

Only fluids are visible to MRI, thus porosity measured by anMRIL tool contains no contribution from matrix materials anddoes not need to be calibrated to formation lithology.

Conventional neutron, bulk density, and acoustic-travel-time

porosity logging tools are influenced by all components of areservoir rockmore sensitive to matrix material due tocomprising more rock framework than fluid-filled space.

Conventional resistivity-logging tools cannot be regarded as

true-fluid-logging device even extremely sensitive to fluid-filledspace and traditionally being used to estimate amount of water.These tools are strongly influenced by presence of conductiveminerals

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MRIL tools can provide 3 types of information, which

make these tools unique among other logging devices: Information about the quantities of the fluids in the

rock

Information about the properties of these fluids Information about the sizes of the pores that contain

these fluids

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Back up slides