central plants and cogeneration
TRANSCRIPT
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Cogeneration and Central Plants – Harvard Green Campus Initiative – 8.26.08
Central Plants and Central Plants and CogenerationCogenerationBBLLUUGG::
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Cogeneration and Central Plants – Harvard Green Campus Initiative – 8.26.08
Two Guidance Documents:Two Guidance Documents:
CHP Calculation Methodology for LEED-NC v2.2 EA Credit 1
Required Treatment of District Thermal Energy in LEED-NC version 2.2 and LEED for Schools
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Cogeneration and Central Plants – Harvard Green Campus Initiative – 8.26.08
CHP Calculation CHP Calculation Methodology for Methodology for LEEDLEED--NC v2.2 EA NC v2.2 EA
Credit 1Credit 1
November 2005November 2005
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Cogeneration and Central Plants – Harvard Green Campus Initiative – 8.26.08
CHP Calculation Methodology for LEED-NC v2.2 EA Credit 1
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Cogeneration and Central Plants – Harvard Green Campus Initiative – 8.26.08
Case 1, Same Ownership, CHP in Case 1, Same Ownership, CHP in Building:Building:
Baseline design uses backup energy source of design or electricity
Treat electricity and heat used in the building as “free”
Charge standard rate for fuel
If extra electricity is sold, treat extra fuel as “process” in base and design case - treat heat generated as “free” in design case
CHP Calculation Methodology for LEED-NC v2.2 EA Credit 1
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Cogeneration and Central Plants – Harvard Green Campus Initiative – 8.26.08
Considerations for Considerations for Simulation/Calculation:Simulation/Calculation:
PRM requires hourly calculation of performance, either directly through simulation or manually through pos-processing of results
It may be possible to conduct calculation on annual basis if rate impacts are insignificant
CHP Calculation Methodology for LEED-NC v2.2 EA Credit 1
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Cogeneration and Central Plants – Harvard Green Campus Initiative – 8.26.08
Case 2, Different Ownership, CHP in Case 2, Different Ownership, CHP in Building:Building:
Same as Case 1
Baseline design uses electricity
Treat electricity and heat used in the building as “free”
Charge standard rate for fuel
If electricity is sold, treat fuel as “process”in both & heat as “free” in design case
CHP Calculation Methodology for LEED-NC v2.2 EA Credit 1
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Cogeneration and Central Plants – Harvard Green Campus Initiative – 8.26.08
Case 3 & 4, District CHP:Case 3 & 4, District CHP:
Essentially same as Case 1 & 2
Design utilizes a “virtual” CHP in building
If using all electricity associated w/thermal energy then fuel charged to design at standard rate & heat & electricity free
If extra electricity associated w/thermal energy then additional fuel charged to both as “process” and heat treated as free
CHP Calculation Methodology for LEED-NC v2.2 EA Credit 1
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Cogeneration and Central Plants – Harvard Green Campus Initiative – 8.26.08
CHP Systems Qualifications:CHP Systems Qualifications:
Annual CHP efficiency must be at least 60%
Must validate environmental performance w/narrative addressing emissions compared to natural gas boiler & electric chiller
Design building must meet EAp2 w/o CHP
To qualify for Case 4, project must:Have 10 year + commitment to purchase thermal output
Must be reliant on district system for 90% of thermal energy
CHP Calculation Methodology for LEED-NC v2.2 EA Credit 1
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Cogeneration and Central Plants – Harvard Green Campus Initiative – 8.26.08
Required Treatment of Required Treatment of District Thermal District Thermal
Energy in LEEDEnergy in LEED--NC NC version 2.2 and LEED version 2.2 and LEED
for Schoolsfor Schools
May 28, 2008May 28, 2008
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Cogeneration and Central Plants – Harvard Green Campus Initiative – 8.26.08
Commissioning:Commissioning:
EAp1 – All upstream equipment is excluded
EAc2 – All downstream equipment is included
All upstream equipment is included if:Project greater than 50,000 sf
DES provides > 20% of annual energy cost
Building is pursuing EAc1 points beyond minimum w/modeling
OR
Project is 50% or more of DES connected or expected load
Required Treatment of District Thermal Energy in LEED-NC v2.2
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Minimum Energy Performance:Minimum Energy Performance:
Must be compliant w/EAp2 w/o DES
Either prescriptive path or performance path:“Building Stand Alone” model
OR
Energy Cost Budget method
Required Treatment of District Thermal Energy in LEED-NC v2.2
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Cogeneration and Central Plants – Harvard Green Campus Initiative – 8.26.08
EAc1 EAc1 -- 2 Point Requirement:2 Point Requirement:
Prescriptive options w/o DES (unless required by reference standard)
Performance Option – Met w/o DEF –Appendix G w/DES specific edits – “Step 1”
Required Treatment of District Thermal Energy in LEED-NC v2.2
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EAc1 EAc1 -- Beyond 2 Point Requirement:Beyond 2 Point Requirement:
Prescriptive options w/ or w/o DES as required by reference standard
Performance Option – Include DES –Appendix G w/DES specific edits – “Step 2”
Required Treatment of District Thermal Energy in LEED-NC v2.2
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Step 1 Step 1 –– Building Stand Alone:Building Stand Alone:
Downstream equipment only – Energy source is purchased in design and baseline –Baseline HVAC edited as appropriate
Required Treatment of District Thermal Energy in LEED-NC v2.2
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Cogeneration and Central Plants – Harvard Green Campus Initiative – 8.26.08
Required Treatment of District Thermal Energy in LEED-NC v2.2
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Cogeneration and Central Plants – Harvard Green Campus Initiative – 8.26.08
Step 2 Step 2 –– Aggregate Building / DES:Aggregate Building / DES:
Downstream equipment & DES – Only for projects pursuing more than 2 points –Virtual DES plant for Design compared to code-compliant on-site plant for Baseline –Design is different than Appendix G, Baseline as instructed in App. G
Required Treatment of District Thermal Energy in LEED-NC v2.2
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Step 2 Step 2 –– Aggregate Building / DES:Aggregate Building / DES:
Required Treatment of District Thermal Energy in LEED-NC v2.2
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Cogeneration and Central Plants – Harvard Green Campus Initiative – 8.26.08
Modeling Design DES Heating:Modeling Design DES Heating:
Model Design building w/virtual heating plant w/same seasonal heating efficiency as entire upstream DES heating system
Derived from monitored data or engineering analysis
OK to model DES plant according to Appendix G
DES plant always modeled as total, entire unit
Required Treatment of District Thermal Energy in LEED-NC v2.2
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Modeling Design DES Cooling:Modeling Design DES Cooling:
Model Design building w/virtual chiller plant w/same seasonal cooling efficiency as entire upstream DES cooling system
Derived from monitored data or engineering analysis, including separate local 2° or 3°pumps if proposed
OK to model DES plant according to Appendix G
DES plant always modeled as total, entire unit
Required Treatment of District Thermal Energy in LEED-NC v2.2
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Default Efficiencies:Default Efficiencies:
Actual efficiencies preferred
OK to use following defaults (conservative):
DES heating – 70% (Higher Heating Value) for total boiler plant efficiency
DES cooling – COP of 4.4 for total cooling plant efficiency
Distribution losses – chilled water = 5%; hot water = 10%; closed loop steam = 15%; open loop steam = 25%
Required Treatment of District Thermal Energy in LEED-NC v2.2
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Cogeneration and Central Plants – Harvard Green Campus Initiative – 8.26.08
EAc1 Modeling:EAc1 Modeling:
Initial run to determine points w/o DES
Perform 2nd run w/ DES (including transmission & distribution loss)
Upload template w/Step 1 results as back-up
Upload template w/Step 2 as actual
EAc1 points achievable in Step 2 is limited to 4 additional beyond Step 1
Provide narrative of DES performance & modeling
Required Treatment of District Thermal Energy in LEED-NC v2.2
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Measurement and Verification:Measurement and Verification:
EAc5 – All downstream equipment is included
All upstream equipment is included if:Project greater than 50,000 sf
DES provides > 20% of annual energy cost
Building is pursuing EAc1 points beyond minimum w/modeling
OR
Project is 50% or more of DES connected or expected load
Required Treatment of District Thermal Energy in LEED-NC v2.2
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Cogeneration and Central Plants – Harvard Green Campus Initiative – 8.26.08
Central Plants and Central Plants and CogenerationCogenerationBBLLUUGG::