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Central Appalachian Basin Unconventional (Coal/Organic Shale) Reservoir Small-Scale CO2 Injection Test Project Number: DE-FE0006827 Nino Ripepi Michael Karmis Virginia Center for Coal and Energy Research at Virginia Tech U.S. Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory Carbon Storage R&D Project Review Meeting Developing the Technologies and Building the Infrastructure for CO 2 Storage August 21-23, 2012

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Page 1: Central Appalachian Basin Unconventional (Coal/Organic ... · Project Overview: Goals and Objectives Objectives: Inject up to 20,000 metric tons of CO2 into. 3 vertical CBM wells

Central Appalachian Basin Unconventional (Coal/Organic Shale) Reservoir Small-Scale

CO2 Injection Test

Project Number: DE-FE0006827

Nino RipepiMichael Karmis

Virginia Center for Coal and Energy Research at Virginia Tech

U.S. Department of EnergyNational Energy Technology Laboratory

Carbon Storage R&D Project Review MeetingDeveloping the Technologies and Building the

Infrastructure for CO2 StorageAugust 21-23, 2012

Page 2: Central Appalachian Basin Unconventional (Coal/Organic ... · Project Overview: Goals and Objectives Objectives: Inject up to 20,000 metric tons of CO2 into. 3 vertical CBM wells

Project Overview: Goals and Objectives

Objectives: Inject up to 20,000 metric tons of CO2 into 3 vertical CBM

wells over a one-year period in Central Appalachia Perform a small (approximately 400-500 metric tons) Huff

and Puff test in a horizontal shale gas well Duration: 4 years, October 1, 2011–September 30, 2015 Goals Test the storage potential of unmineable coal seams and

shale reservoirs Learn about adsorption and swelling behaviors of coal and

shale (methane vs. CO2) Test the potential for enhanced coalbed methane (ECBM)

and enhanced gas (EGR) production and recovery Improve knowledge of unconventional and stacked storage

systems (coal and shale)

Page 3: Central Appalachian Basin Unconventional (Coal/Organic ... · Project Overview: Goals and Objectives Objectives: Inject up to 20,000 metric tons of CO2 into. 3 vertical CBM wells

Research Partners• Virginia Center for Coal and Energy Research (Virginia Tech)• Cardno MM&A• Gerald Hill• Southern States Energy Board• Virginia Department of Mines, Minerals and Energy• Geological Survey of Alabama• Sandia Technologies• Det Norske Veritas (DNV)• Consol Energy (Research Group)

Industrial Partners• Consol Energy (CNX Gas)• Harrison-Wyatt, LLC• Emory River, LLC• Dominion Energy• Alpha Natural Resources• Flo-CO2

Collaborators• Schlumberger• Oak Ridge National Laboratory• University of Tennessee• University of Virginia

Page 4: Central Appalachian Basin Unconventional (Coal/Organic ... · Project Overview: Goals and Objectives Objectives: Inject up to 20,000 metric tons of CO2 into. 3 vertical CBM wells

– Selected Three Wells for Injection: September, 2012

– Access Agreements: Jan. 2013

– Class II UIC Permit: Dec. 2013

– Drilling Permits Received– CO2 and Microseismic

RFPs: July 2014– Drilling Monitoring Wells:

July 2014– Desorbing Coals

• Gas Content, Quality, Isotopes

– CO2 Injection: October. 2014 – Sept. 2015

– Post-Injection Monitoring: Sept. 2016

Pocahontas CBM ProjectBuchanan County, VA (20,000 tons)

Boissevain

7 RIG

HT

10/3

1/99

11/1

6/99

2/29

/00

3/13

/00

7/8/

00

6/30

/00

11/1

7/00

10/3

1/00

4224

'42

37'

4475

'44

75'

3491

'34

95'

2904

'28

97'

SECARB PilotInjection Well

RU-84

Honaker

Raven

Vansant

CBM Injection CandidatesCNX GAS CBM WELLEQT CBM WELLRANGE RESOURCES CBM WELLPOCAHONTAS NO. 3 DEEP MINESURFACE FAULTSQUADRANGLE BOUNDARIESTOWNS

0 5,000 10,000

SCALE IN FEET

DICKENSON CO.

RUSSELL CO.

BUCHANANCO.

Buffalo Mountain Fault

Keen Mtn Fault

UD

Russell Fork Fault

Little Paw Paw Fault

Fault

TestSite

Page 5: Central Appalachian Basin Unconventional (Coal/Organic ... · Project Overview: Goals and Objectives Objectives: Inject up to 20,000 metric tons of CO2 into. 3 vertical CBM wells

1,000 Ton ECBM Huff-n-Puff in VA25% CO2 produced in 5 years

Shut-in Period with CO2 Injectionmid November ‘08 – mid May ‘09

Pre CO2 Injection EUR = 319 MMcf

Post CO2 Injection EUR = 471 MMcf

Gas

Pro

duct

ion,

Mcf

/mon

th

Page 6: Central Appalachian Basin Unconventional (Coal/Organic ... · Project Overview: Goals and Objectives Objectives: Inject up to 20,000 metric tons of CO2 into. 3 vertical CBM wells

Injection Logging from Russell County• Spinner• Temperature• Pressure

Page 7: Central Appalachian Basin Unconventional (Coal/Organic ... · Project Overview: Goals and Objectives Objectives: Inject up to 20,000 metric tons of CO2 into. 3 vertical CBM wells

Buchanan County, VA – CBM Test

Page 8: Central Appalachian Basin Unconventional (Coal/Organic ... · Project Overview: Goals and Objectives Objectives: Inject up to 20,000 metric tons of CO2 into. 3 vertical CBM wells

B-B’

Page 9: Central Appalachian Basin Unconventional (Coal/Organic ... · Project Overview: Goals and Objectives Objectives: Inject up to 20,000 metric tons of CO2 into. 3 vertical CBM wells

Overview of Reservoir Modeling• Preliminary Reservoir Modeling – Single Zone

– ARI’s COMET3• Detailed Reservoir Modeling

– Computer Modeling Group’s GEM Program – By Zone (5) and By Seam (15-20 seams)

– Schlumberger’s Eclipse – By Seam (15-20 seams)• Coupling GEM with FLAC3D for Geomechanical Modeling

Page 10: Central Appalachian Basin Unconventional (Coal/Organic ... · Project Overview: Goals and Objectives Objectives: Inject up to 20,000 metric tons of CO2 into. 3 vertical CBM wells

(2001) (2000)

(2008)

(2001)

(2001)(2001)

(2009)

(2009)

(2001)

(2000)

(2007)

(1993)(1993,2004)

(2007)

(2009)(2001)

(2007)(2000)

(2008)(2000)

Study AreaDrainage Area

(Acres) 1552

Surface Elevations (ft)

1,685-2,364

Top Seams Elevations (ft)

29-1,201

Thicknesses (ft)

0.01-4.20

Production Start Date: 1993-2009 Year

21 Well Buchanan County Modeling Area

10

Page 11: Central Appalachian Basin Unconventional (Coal/Organic ... · Project Overview: Goals and Objectives Objectives: Inject up to 20,000 metric tons of CO2 into. 3 vertical CBM wells

Modeling Inputs: Isotherms, Gas Content, Permeability, Cleats, Fracture development are all variable by seam, depth and/or structural location 0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400Pressure (psia)

Ads

orbe

d G

as (s

cf/to

n, D

MM

F)

P3 (CH4) P3 (CO2) P7 (CH4) P7 (CO2) P11 (CH4) P11 (CO2)

350 psi

Harpalani, 2012

Page 12: Central Appalachian Basin Unconventional (Coal/Organic ... · Project Overview: Goals and Objectives Objectives: Inject up to 20,000 metric tons of CO2 into. 3 vertical CBM wells

HM INJ FOR

Scenarios (S) Models

S1 Perforations, No Well Stimulation

S2 Negative Skin Factor, -4

S3 Hydraulic Fractures, 40% per Stage, Thickest Seams, 350 fthalf-length

InjectionStart Date 1st May,

2013End Date 1st May,

2014CO2

Injection Rate per

Well

18.26 tons/day

Shut In Period Post

Injection1 Year

ForecastYear 2023

Buchanan County Modeling Scenarios

12

Page 13: Central Appalachian Basin Unconventional (Coal/Organic ... · Project Overview: Goals and Objectives Objectives: Inject up to 20,000 metric tons of CO2 into. 3 vertical CBM wells

(a) (b)

(c)

DD7

DD7A

DD8 DD7

DD7A

DD8

DD7

DD7A

DD8

S1 S2

S3

CO2 Adsorption(gmole/ft3)Date: 04/01/2015Layer 4

Buchanan County Modeling Scenario Results

13

Page 14: Central Appalachian Basin Unconventional (Coal/Organic ... · Project Overview: Goals and Objectives Objectives: Inject up to 20,000 metric tons of CO2 into. 3 vertical CBM wells

ECBM after 1 and 4 Years Post-Injection:22 – 106 MMcf

Page 15: Central Appalachian Basin Unconventional (Coal/Organic ... · Project Overview: Goals and Objectives Objectives: Inject up to 20,000 metric tons of CO2 into. 3 vertical CBM wells

MVA program for CBM test• Atmospheric monitoring with IRGAs to measure CO2 concentration• Surface methods including soil CO2 flux, surface water sampling and shallow

tracer detection• Offset well testing for gas composition (CO2 concentration, tracers, ECBM)

• Multiple tracer injection• CO2 and CH4 Isotopic

Analysis• 3 monitoring wells by zone• Surface deformation

measurement• InSar and GPS

• Mircoseismic Monitoring• Passive measurement

of seismic energy emissions

Page 16: Central Appalachian Basin Unconventional (Coal/Organic ... · Project Overview: Goals and Objectives Objectives: Inject up to 20,000 metric tons of CO2 into. 3 vertical CBM wells

Emory River Project: “Huff and Puff”Horizontal Shale Gas Well in Morgan County, TN Well Stimulation Permit from TDEC Vendor Selected for injection(FloCO2) Risk Management Registry:

Completed Injection Well Conversion: Mar. 2014 CO2 Injection: Mar. 19-31, 2014 Return to Production: July 29, 2014 Post-Injection Monitoring: Mar. 2015

Page 17: Central Appalachian Basin Unconventional (Coal/Organic ... · Project Overview: Goals and Objectives Objectives: Inject up to 20,000 metric tons of CO2 into. 3 vertical CBM wells

Chattanooga Shale Cross-Section30-50 feet thick, 2500-4000 feet deep

Page 18: Central Appalachian Basin Unconventional (Coal/Organic ... · Project Overview: Goals and Objectives Objectives: Inject up to 20,000 metric tons of CO2 into. 3 vertical CBM wells

Injection Well (HW-1003) and Off-set Monitoring Wells

Page 19: Central Appalachian Basin Unconventional (Coal/Organic ... · Project Overview: Goals and Objectives Objectives: Inject up to 20,000 metric tons of CO2 into. 3 vertical CBM wells

Production History HW 1003 Injection Well

Page 20: Central Appalachian Basin Unconventional (Coal/Organic ... · Project Overview: Goals and Objectives Objectives: Inject up to 20,000 metric tons of CO2 into. 3 vertical CBM wells

Reservoir Modeling

• Computer Modeling Group Ltd.’s GEM software– A dual porosity-dual permeability model with porosity

& permeability defined in both matrices and fractures

Page 21: Central Appalachian Basin Unconventional (Coal/Organic ... · Project Overview: Goals and Objectives Objectives: Inject up to 20,000 metric tons of CO2 into. 3 vertical CBM wells

• Utilization of Microseismic• Half-length of HF• Vertical-height of HF

Sensitivity Analysis to Match Production History

Case 1 Case 2 Case 3

Case 4 Case 7• Grid Refinement

in SRV

Page 22: Central Appalachian Basin Unconventional (Coal/Organic ... · Project Overview: Goals and Objectives Objectives: Inject up to 20,000 metric tons of CO2 into. 3 vertical CBM wells

Site Layout

TriplexPump

70-ton Storage Vessel

In-line Propane Heater

Page 23: Central Appalachian Basin Unconventional (Coal/Organic ... · Project Overview: Goals and Objectives Objectives: Inject up to 20,000 metric tons of CO2 into. 3 vertical CBM wells

Injection Commenced

• Injection Commenced on March 19, 2014 at 9:00 AM with a heated slug of 15-tons of CO2

Page 24: Central Appalachian Basin Unconventional (Coal/Organic ... · Project Overview: Goals and Objectives Objectives: Inject up to 20,000 metric tons of CO2 into. 3 vertical CBM wells

Tracer injection:• Perfluoromethylcyclopentane (PMCP)

500 mL over 8 hrs on March 20 at 30 tons• Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6)

5.84 kg slug on March 20 at 30 tons• Perfluoromethylcyclohexane (PMCH)

500 mL over 6 hrs on March 28 at 330 tons

Page 25: Central Appalachian Basin Unconventional (Coal/Organic ... · Project Overview: Goals and Objectives Objectives: Inject up to 20,000 metric tons of CO2 into. 3 vertical CBM wells

Monitoring Activities

Page 26: Central Appalachian Basin Unconventional (Coal/Organic ... · Project Overview: Goals and Objectives Objectives: Inject up to 20,000 metric tons of CO2 into. 3 vertical CBM wells

0.00

100.00

200.00

300.00

400.00

500.00

600.00

0.00

20.00

40.00

60.00

80.00

100.00

120.00

140.003/

18/2

014

3/20

/201

4

3/22

/201

4

3/24

/201

4

3/26

/201

4

3/28

/201

4

3/30

/201

4

4/1/

2014

4/3/

2014

Cum

ulat

ive

CO2

(tons

) & W

HP(p

sig) &

DP

(psig

)

Flow

Rat

e (to

ns/d

ay) &

Hea

ter O

ut (F

)

Time

Heater Out

Flow Rate

Cumulative

WHP

Injection Data

Page 27: Central Appalachian Basin Unconventional (Coal/Organic ... · Project Overview: Goals and Objectives Objectives: Inject up to 20,000 metric tons of CO2 into. 3 vertical CBM wells

CO2 – gas; SF6 - gas/liquid; PFTs - liquid

Page 28: Central Appalachian Basin Unconventional (Coal/Organic ... · Project Overview: Goals and Objectives Objectives: Inject up to 20,000 metric tons of CO2 into. 3 vertical CBM wells

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

3/14/2014 4/3/2014 4/23/2014 5/13/2014 6/2/2014 6/22/2014 7/12/2014 8/1/2014

WHP

(psi

g)Well Head Pressure (WHP)

Injection12.25 Days

Soak120 Days

Page 29: Central Appalachian Basin Unconventional (Coal/Organic ... · Project Overview: Goals and Objectives Objectives: Inject up to 20,000 metric tons of CO2 into. 3 vertical CBM wells

Very Early Flowback Results

Page 30: Central Appalachian Basin Unconventional (Coal/Organic ... · Project Overview: Goals and Objectives Objectives: Inject up to 20,000 metric tons of CO2 into. 3 vertical CBM wells

Shale Injection Overview• 509 tons of CO2 injected over 12.25 days

– Average of 41 tons per day– Limited by temperature and heating capabilities

• 3 tracers injected at 2 separate times– 30-ton mark and 330-ton mark

• No breakthrough observed at off-set wells and no leakage observed to date

• Low pressure build-up on injection (gas injection)• Temperature• Pressure stabilized on 4-month soak• Early flowback results show initial slug of hydrocarbons

and N2, followed by slug of CO2, followed by 50/50 mix of HC and CO2.– Higher percentage of heavy hydrocarbons in flowback– Currently producing at 200 Mcf/day, 60% HC and 52 psig– Up from 20 Mcf/day

Page 31: Central Appalachian Basin Unconventional (Coal/Organic ... · Project Overview: Goals and Objectives Objectives: Inject up to 20,000 metric tons of CO2 into. 3 vertical CBM wells

One Successful and Safe Injection, One to Go!

Questions?

[email protected]