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CentOS / Redhat: Install KVM Virtualization Software

byNix Crafton June 12, 2010 35 comments LAST UPDATED February 1, 2011

inCentOS, Linux KVM

, RedHat and Friends

KVM (Kernel-based Virtual Machine) is a full virtualization solution for Linux on x86 hardware containing virtualization extensions Intel VT or AMD-V. How do I install KVM

under CentOS or Red Hat Enterprise Linux version 5.5?

The Linux kernel 2.6.20 and above included KVM. RHEL 5.5 (and upcoming RHEL 6) supports KVM out of box and it has also been ported to FreeBSD as a loadable

kernel module. However, this tutorial is tested on both CentOS and RHEL 5.5 only running 64 bit Intel Xeon CPU (with Intel VT) and 64 bit kernels with SELinux running in

enforcing mode.

Why KVM?

XEN allows several guest operating systems to execute on the same computer hardware and it is also included with RHEL 5.5. But, why use KVM

over XEN? KVM is part of the official Linux kernel and fully supported by both Novell and Redhat. Xen boots from GRUB and loads a modified host operating system such as

RHEL into the dom0 (host domain). KVM do not have concept of dom0 and domU. It uses /dev/kvm interface to setup the guest operating systems and provides required

drivers. See the official wikifor more information.

Required Packages

You must install the following packages:

1. kmod-kvm: kvm kernel module(s)

2. kvm: Kernel-based Virtual Machine

3. kvm-qemu-img: Qemu disk image utility

4. kvm-tools: KVM debugging and diagnostics tools

5. python-virtinst: Python modules and utilities for installing virtual machines

6. virt-manager: Virtual Machine Manager (GUI app, to install and configure VMs)

7. virt-viewer: Virtual Machine Viewer (another lightweight app to view VM console and/or install VMs)

8. bridge-utils: Utilities for configuring the Linux Ethernet bridge (this is recommended for KVM networking)

KVM Package Group

RHEL comes with KVM software group which includes full virtualization support with KVM. You can list all packages in the group as follows:

# yum groupinfo KVM

Sample outputs:
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Loaded plugins: rhnplugin, security

Setting up Group Process

Group: KVM

Description: Virtualization Support with KVM

Mandatory Packages:

celt051

etherboot-zroms

etherboot-zroms-kvm

kmod-kvm

kvm

kvm-qemu-img

qcairo

qffmpeg-libs

qpixman

qspice-libsDefault Packages:

Virtualization-en-US

libvirt

virt-manager

virt-viewer

Optional Packages:

celt051-devel

etherboot-pxes

etherboot-roms

etherboot-roms-kvm

gpxe-roms-qemu

iasl

kvm-tools

libcmpiutil

libvirt-cim

qcairo-devel

qffmpeg-devel

qpixman-devel

qspice qspice-libs-devel

A Note About libvirt

libvirt is an open source API and management tool for managing platform virtualization. It is used to manage Linux KVM and Xen virtual machines through graphical interfaces

such as Virtual Machine Manager and higher level tools such as oVirt. See the official websitefor more information.

A Note About QEMU

QEMU is a processor emulator that relies on dynamic binary translation to achieve a reasonable speed while being easy to port on new host CPU architectures. When used as a

virtualizer, QEMU achieves near native performances by executing the guest code directly on the host CPU. QEMU supports virtualization when executing under the Xen

hypervisor or using the KVM kernel module in Linux. When using KVM, QEMU can virtualize x86, server and embedded PowerPC, and S390 guests. See the official website

for more information.

A Note About Virtio Drivers

Virtio is paravirtualized drivers for kvm/Linux. With this you can can run multiple virtual machines running unmodified Linux or Windows VMs. Each virtual machine has private

virtualized hardware a network card, disk, graphics adapter, etc. According to Redhat:

Para-virtualized drivers enhance the performance of fully virtualized guests. With the para-virtualized drivers guest I/O latency decreases and throughput increases

to near bare-metal levels. It is recommended to use the para-virtualized drivers for fully virtualized guests running I/O heavy tasks and applications.

Host Operating System

Your main operating system such as CentOS or RHEL is known as host operating system. KVM is a Linux kernel module that enables a modified QEMU program to use

hardware virtualization. You only need to install KVM under host operating systems.

KVM Domains

It is nothing but a guest operating system running under host operating system. Each kvm domain must have a unique name and ID (assigned by system).

Guest Operating Systems

KVM supports various guest operating systems such as

1. MS-Windows 2008 / 2000 / 2003 Server

2. MS-Windows 7 / Vista / XP

3. FreeBSD

4. OpenBSD

5. Sun Solaris

6. Various Linux distributions.

7. NetBSD

8. MINIX

9. QNX

10. MS DOS11. FreeDOS

12. Haiku

13. Amiga Research OS

Install KVM
http://wiki.qemu.org/Main_Pagehttp://libvirt.org/


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Type the following command to install KVM under RHEL or CentOS:

# yum install kvm virt-viewer virt-manager libvirt libvirt-python python-virtinst

OR

# yum groupinstall KVM

Important Configuration And Log Files (Directories) Location

The following files are required to manage and debug KVM problems:

1. /etc/libvirt/ -Main configuration directory.

2. /etc/libvirt/qemu/ - Virtual machine configuration directory. All xml files regarding VMs are stored here. You can edit them manually or via virt-manager.

3. /etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/ - Networking for your KVM including default NAT. NAT is only recommended for small setup or desktops. I strongly suggest you usebridged based networking for performance.

4. /etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/default.xml - The default NAT configuration used by NAT device virbr0.

5. /var/log/libvirt/- The default log file directory. All VM specific logs files are stored here.

6. /etc/libvirt/libvirtd.conf - Master libvirtd configuration file.

7. /etc/libvirt/qemu.conf - Master configuration file for the QEMU driver.

TCP/UDP Ports

By default libvirt does not opens any TCP or UDP ports. However, you can configure the same by editing the /etc/libvirt/libvirtd.conf file. Also, VNC is configured to listen on

127.0.0.1 by default. To make it listen on all public interfaces, edit /etc/libvirt/qemu.conf file.

Our Sample Setup

+-------------> vm#1 ( 10.10.21.71 / 123.1.2.4, CentOS M

| +-------------> vm#2 ( 10.10.21.72 / 123.1.2.5, FreeBSD

LAN --> Switch --> eth0 --> -+ 10.10.21.70 |

| ---> br0 -+ +----------------+ +-------------> vm#3 ( 10.10.21.73 / 123.1.2.6, OpenBSD

| | ===> | RHEL Server | -----+

| | | KVM | +-------------> vm#4 ( 10.10.21.74 / 123.1.2.7, Solaris

| ---> br1 -+ +----------------+ |

Wan --> ISP Router --> eth1 --> -+ 123.1.2.3 +-------------> vm#5 ( 10.10.21.71 / 123.1.2.8, Windows

|

+-------------> vm#6 ( 10.10.21.71 / 123.1.2.9, RHEL Mail

(Fig.01: Our sample server setup - you need to scroll to see complete diagram)

Where,

Host Configuration

OS - RHEL / CentOS v5.5 is our host operating system.Host has two interface eth0 and eth1

LAN - eth0 with private ip

Internet - eth1 with public IPv4/IPv6 address.

Disk - 73x4 - 15k SAS disk in RAID 10 hardware mode. All VMs are stored on same server (later I will cover SAN/NFS/NAS configuration with live migration).

RAM - 16GB ECC

CPU - Dual core dual Intel Xeon CPU L5320 @ 1.86GHz with VT enabled in BIOS.

Virtual Machine Configuration

Bridged mode networking (eth0 == br0 and eth1 == br1) with full access to both LAN and Internet.

Accelerator virtio drivers used for networking (model=virtio)

Accelerator virtio drivers for disk (if=virtio) and disk will show up as /dev/vd[a-z][1-9] in VM.

Various virtual machines running different guest operating systems as per requirements.

TwitterFacebookGoogle+PDF versionFound an error/typo on this page? Help us!This entry is 1of 14in the CentOS / Redhat (RHEL) KVM Virtulizationseries. Keep reading the rest of the series:

1. CentOS / Redhat: Install KVM Virtualization Software

2. CentOS / Redhat: KVM Bridged Network Configuration

3. KVM virt-manager: Install CentOS As Guest Operating System

4. KVM virt-install: Install FreeBSD / CentOS As Guest Operating System

5. KVM: Install CentOS / RHEL Using Kickstart File (Automated Installation)

6. Troubleshooting KVM Virtualization Problem With Log Files

7. KVM Virsh: Redirect FreeBSD Console To A Serial Port

8. KVM: Starting / Stopping Guest Operating Systems With virsh Command

9. Linux KVM: Disable virbr0 NAT Interface

10. FreeBSD / OpeBSD Running in KVM Does Not Accept FTP Traffic

11. KVM: Start a Virtual Machine / Guest At Boot Time

12. KVM virt-install: Install OpenBSD As Guest Operating System

13. Linux KVM: OpenBSD Guest Hangs At Starting tty Flags14. KVM Virtualization: Start VNC Remote Access For Guest Operating Systems
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{ 35 comments read them below or add one}

1Zdenek Styblik June 13, 2010 at 10:23 am

The heading should read virtualization.

Not bad summary though.

Reply

2nixCraftJune 13, 2010 at 11:02 am

Thanks for the heads up!

Reply

3qt2r June 14, 2010 at 11:43 am

Excellent guide. thanks for sharing :)

Reply

4cod3fr3ak June 14, 2010 at 3:41 pm

Which gives better results with non-virtual aware operating system, xen or kvm. I can never remember. I am considering trying to run Windows 7 within a xen or kvm

instance on Centos 5.5. Does anyone know if it supports Directx? A couple of the games I play use it for 3d and effects rendering.

Reply

5fred January 19, 2013 at 12:09 am

hi cod3fr3ak,

did you get any answers on your question about xen or kvm supporting directx?

im having the same problem

thx in advance

fred

Reply

6Bhaskar Chowdhury June 16, 2010 at 4:42 am

Hey Vivek!

This article is as good as others you have posted earlier.Keep up the good work man.Looking forward to the next installment of this article.

Cheers mate!

Reply

7Paul June 17, 2010 at 7:48 am

Hi

as far as Im aware Novell does not yet support KVM, it is included in SLES11 sp1 as a technology preview, I think they call it, ie they include it for you to test but it is

not supported, at least not officially.

Cheers

Reply

8Ian June 27, 2010 at 10:49 am

It was tech preview in sles11, fully supported in sles11sp1

Reply

9mam June 22, 2010 at 10:21 am

I found error in one command yum groupinstall KMV, correct is yum groupinstall KVM

Reply

10nixCraftJune 22, 2010 at 2:05 pm

Thanks! The post has been updated.

Reply

11rwilla August 5, 2010 at 6:49 am

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5/10



You can list all packages in the group as follows: #yum groupinfo Virtualization

Reply

12Rocky Patel October 14, 2010 at 4:45 pm

Hi,

I m getting this error while installing yum groupinstall KVM..

yum groupinstall KVM

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile* addons: mirrors.hns.net.in

* base: mirrors.hns.net.in

* extras: mirrors.hns.net.in

* updates: mirrors.hns.net.in

Setting up Install Process

Resolving Dependencies

> Running transaction check

> Package kvm.i386 0:36-1 set to be updated

> Package virt-manager.i386 0:0.6.1-12.el5 set to be updated

> Processing Dependency: python-virtinst >= 0.400.3 for package: virt-manager

> Package virt-viewer.i386 0:0.0.2-3.el5 set to be updated

> Running transaction check

> Package python-virtinst.noarch 0:0.400.3-9.el5_5.1 set to be updated

> Processing Conflict: libvirt conflicts kvm Finished Dependency Resolution

libvirt-0.6.3-33.el5_5.3.i386 from installed has depsolving problems> libvirt conflicts with kvm

Error: libvirt conflicts with kvm

You could try using skip-broken to work around the problem

You could try running: package-cleanup problems

package-cleanup dupes

rpm -Va nofiles nodigest

The program package-cleanup is found in the yum-utils package.

Reply

13Ice72 December 2, 2010 at 8:58 am

Hi,

great summary. On fedora core 14 the yum install command not install the qemu-kvm.x86_64 which is installed if I use the command yum install virtualization

Reply

14Hanif December 30, 2010 at 3:47 am

How about if I want the vcpu more than 16 cores

Reply

15alessandroo June 21, 2011 at 8:48 am

hello,

Is kvm available on RHEL 5.5 32 bits ?

I have only a 32 bit processor

Reply

16nixCraftJune 21, 2011 at 11:28 am

Running a 64 bit kernel (RHEL 64 bit) on the host operating system is recommended but not required. You can use 32bit but limited to 2GB ram per VM. A 32 bit

server can only host 32-bit guest operating system.

Reply

17alessandroo June 21, 2011 at 12:10 pm

ok thanks for this information, but its not really my request.

I have a RHEL 5.5 32bits distribution (i have only a proc 32bits, i dont have the choice) in a plateform test and i need to install KVM.

Is KVM compatible with a 32 bit distribution? Because i dont find the packet kvm, libvirt, virt manager

Reply

18nixCraftJune 21, 2011 at 12:20 pm

RHEL 5.5+ x86 removed 32bit kvm packages. Your options are as follows

a) Go with 64bit (x64) RHEL system as Redhat not planned create 32bit KVM as most VM server runs on 64 bit platform.

b) Go with 32 bit RHEL and compile new kernel with KVM
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6/10



c) Use Ubuntu or other 32 bit Linux distro that support 32bit KVM

Reply

19abdullah kamal August 23, 2011 at 4:06 pm

is it possible to create virtual data center in centos, currently this kind of technology is provided by the redhat.

Reply

20Lio September 5, 2011 at 6:00 pm

Hi all

could anyone advise me to solve the problem

the problem is as following:

Ive installed kvm with all its packages and when i want to install win 7 it will be stacked and does not go forward please help

ill be appreciated

Reply

21ahmad September 7, 2011 at 9:09 am

Please note that RedHat/CentOS was configured to run KVM only on 64-bit operating systems.

Reply

22Ivan September 18, 2011 at 2:50 pm

For the host Centos OS, what is the recommended installation configurations? (Server or Minimal)? I have chosen Minimal but couldnt load any GUI for my centos

and is stuck at the step where it is suppose to load a GUI for virtual manager

Reply

23Rashid Iqbal October 15, 2011 at 7:28 pm

I want to change the default location of virtual harddisk to another LVM volume.

How can I do this?

Reply

24luckysanj November 20, 2011 at 9:18 am

same thing from my side also.For the host Centos OS, what is the recommended installation configurations? (Server or Minimal)? I have chosen Minimal but couldnt

load any GUI for my centosand is stuck at the step where it is suppose to load a GUI for virtual manager.

Reply

25Sathish January 25, 2012 at 6:13 pm

Thanks, its very helpful for me :)

Reply

26kuljinder mathoun February 28, 2012 at 6:42 pm

Do we have any equivalent application like VMware Virtual Center to manage KVM hosts?

I heard about OVIRT but it has some limitation.

Thanks

Reply

27Rafi March 16, 2012 at 2:10 am

first thank you Vivek, for writing an article that brand new newbies could follow, nice organized. Further request to dumb it down by some server sizing how many CPUs,

RAM etc especially for small cluster of 1-10 desktops (that is what we like to do) also do you have articles on how to installed RHEL 64 on a brand new machine?

Sorry folks, I have to start somewhere, I am staring at my RHEL 6.2 ISO images, new server no OS on it, 3.0 GHz CPU quad core and 16 GB RAM. Plugged in and I

have no CLUE. I absolutely cannot stand the other techies speak nor understand it.

Everything else I read, just went into total geekdom high brow type writeup/

Vivek any dummy level article that goes step by step or any material I could read up on will be deeply appreciated!!!

Reply

28Rafi March 16, 2012 at 2:13 am

Just saw your TOC some install stuff there, will try that thanks!

Reply

29aswin May 31, 2012 at 10:17 am
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7/10



I have question, I already installed kvm at dell R720 12 Core with 64GB RAM and 4TB HDD SCSI with RAID5.

Problem with windows guest OS when running with KVM, ethernet using virtio driver very slow performance, I copy from sharing folder 25Mb it took 60Minutes until

finish.

but running well wit Linux guest OS.

info :

Running in CentOS 6.2 x86_64 kernel 2.6.32-220.13.1.el6.x86_64

lsmod :

virtio_pci 6687 0

virtio_net 15839 0

virtio_ring 7729 2 virtio_pci,virtio_net

virtio 4890 2 virtio_pci,virtio_net

vhost_net 31384 2

macvtap 9724 5 vhost_net

macvlan 10180 1 macvtap

tun 17051 5 vhost_net

kvm_intel 50412 10

kvm 305988 1 kvm_intel

acpi_pad 87758 0

Do you have any Idea, thank you..

regards

Reply

30Putchong Uthayopas June 3, 2012 at 1:15 am

Good start for KVM. Help me a lot. Thanks

Reply

31David Ramirez November 1, 2012 at 3:59 pm

Thanks a good lead-in into doing this for 1st time even after coming from other commercial environments

Reply

32Lihar Shendi Wijaya October 29, 2013 at 10:01 am

I Very Like This Post :)

i want ask question sir

ifcfg-eth0 = ifcfg-br0ifcfg-eth1 = ifcfg-br1

what is iptables nat use? interfaes iptables eth0 with eth1 or br0 with br1 ?

thanks sir

Reply

33sahil January 7, 2014 at 11:37 am

Hello Sir,

Can we install KVM on Centos 32 bit base machine. ?

I tried it on centos 6 32 bit using yum but Its says no package found for KVM.

Please help

Reply

34sudheer January 19, 2014 at 11:14 am

HI Guys,

In my setup we need to configure both IPV4 and IPv6 on same KVM machine(Br0 for IPV4 and Br1 for IPV6 internal). Can some one who worked on this kind of

setups please suggest me how to create bridges and guest network. I have configured as i IPV4 setup but very often the guests are not reachable from outside of the

server.

Reply

35Nix CraftJanuary 19, 2014 at 11:34 am

Did you read 2nd part: Bridged networking?

Reply

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8/10

nixCraft

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