censorship of the internet

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Page 1: Censorship of the Internet
Page 2: Censorship of the Internet

Internet censorship is control or suppression ofthe publishing or accessing of information onthe Internet.

Page 3: Censorship of the Internet

Political Reasons: This category is focused primarily on Web sites that express views in opposition to those of the current government. Content more broadly related to human rights, freedom of expression, minority rights, and religious movements is also considered here.

Social Reasons: This category covers material related to sexuality, gambling, and illegal drugs and alcohol, as well as other topics that may be socially sensitive or perceived as offensive.

Conflict/Security Reasons: Content related to armed conflicts, border disputes, separatist movements, and militant groups is included in this category.

Page 4: Censorship of the Internet

Source: OpenNet Initiative. <http://opennet.net/research/map>.

ChinaNorth KoreaIranSyriaVietnam BurmaPakistanSaudi ArabiaUzbekistanKazakhstan

Page 5: Censorship of the Internet

Inciting to resist or breaking the Constitution or laws or the implementation of administrative regulations

Inciting to overthrow the government or the socialist system

Inciting division of the country, harming national unification

Inciting hatred or discrimination among nationalities or harming the unity of the nationalities

Page 6: Censorship of the Internet

Making falsehoods or distorting the truth, spreading rumors, destroying the order of society

Promoting feudal superstitions, sexually suggestive material, gambling, violence, murder

Terrorism or inciting others to criminal activity; openly insulting other people or distorting the truth to slander people

Injuring the reputation of state organs

Other activities against the Constitution, laws or administrative regulations

Page 7: Censorship of the Internet

Websites required to employ people who monitor and delete objectionable content

Others are paid to “guide” bulletin board web exchanges in the governments favor

30,000+ Internet Police allow for critical comments made on blogs or internet forums to be deleted in minutes

Infractions punishable by large fines and/or prison time

Page 8: Censorship of the Internet

Source: OpenNet Initiative. <http://opennet.net/research/map>.

United StatesCanadaGermanyAustraliaBrazilSwedenItalyPeruArgentina

Page 9: Censorship of the Internet

History of banning offensive internet material› 2002 – The Holocaust› 2006 – John Howard apology

Australian Labor Party introduced a policy of mandatory filtering for all Australians (2008)› Generated substantial opposition› Not enough votes to create legislation that way› Blacklist maintained by the government leaked

Page 10: Censorship of the Internet

"Measures to improve safety of the internet for families” (2009)› Euthenasia› Video Games› Racism› Child and Abusive Pornography› Illegal sites (gambling, directions for drug

use, etc)

Page 11: Censorship of the Internet

Source: OpenNet Initiative. <http://opennet.net/research/map>.

ChinaPakistanIranBurmaSaudi ArabiaIndiaEthiopiaMoroccoThailandSyria

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Ranked among the 13 enemies of the internet by Reporters Without Borders

Filters heavily and strictly monitors internet usage

Users prompted to self-censor and self-monitor themselves in order to avoid severe punishment

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Pornography

Social Networks

Wikipedia

Wikileaks

Political Blogs

YouTube

Nazi and Similar Websites

Religious Websites

Google

Websites Associated with Censorship Circumvention

Most Commonly Targeted Websites:

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Blacklist – A list of websites that are deemed unsuitable for the public.

IP Blocking – Access to certain IP addresses is denied

DNS Filtering and Redirection – Filter won’t resolve domain names, or will return the incorrect IP address

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Uniform Resource Locator (URL) Filtering – Scans the URL string for target keywords regardless of the domain name specified in the URL

Packet Filtering – Packets are terminated when a certain number of controversial keywords are detected

Connection Reset – If previous TCP connection is blocked, future connection attempts from both sides will be blocked

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Web Feed Blocking – URLs staring with “rss”, “feed”, or “blog” are blocked.

Reverse Surveillance – Computers accessing certain websites are automatically exposed to reverse scanning

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Proxy Websites – un-banned websites that can display banned material within them

Virtual Private Networks (VPN’s) – a secure connection to a more permissive country

Psiphon – software that allows users to access banned websites

Tor – free software that allows users to bypass censorship while allowing strong anonymity

Data Havens – computer or network that hold data protected from government action

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Uses› Publishing websites or ‘freesites’› Communicating via message boards› Content distribution

Features› Highly survivable› Private› Secure› Efficient

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OpenNet Initative:http://opennet.net/Reporters Without Borders (RSF):http://www.rsf.org/index.php?page=rubrique&id_rubrique=2The FreeNet Projecthttp://freenetproject.org/Wikipedia – Internet Censorship:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_censorship/Censorship in the US (ACLU):http://www.aclu.org/free-speech/internet-censorship

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"I am opposed to any form of tyranny over the mind of man." --- Thomas Jefferson