cellulosic bio nanocomposite
TRANSCRIPT
1
CELLULOSIC BIO
NANOCOMPOSITES
Submitted byAvin GanapathiProduct Design and ManufacturingNIE Mysore
2
CONTENTS
Introduction
Literature survey
Advantages
Application
Conclusion
Reference
3
Cellulose
Fig.1 Plant cellulose
4
Cellulose Fibers
Fig.2 Structural constitution of natural fiber cell
5
Chemistry of Cellulose
Fig.3 Cellulose Structure
Source - Wikipedia
6
Cellulose fibers are being used as potential reinforcing materials because of-
Abundantly available Low weight. Biodegradable. Non-toxic. Cheaper. Renewable.
Cellulose Fibers
7
Cellulose NanofibersName Source Process
Cellulose nanowhiskers
Ramie H2SO4 hydrolysis
MCC(wood pulp) H2SO4 hydrolysis
MCC H2SO4 hydrolysis
Grass fiber H2SO4 hydrolysis
MCC LiCl:DMAc
Cellulose NanocrystalsCotton Whatman filter paper H2SO4 hydrolysis
Bacterial cellulose H2SO4 hydrolysis
Cotton (cotton wool) H2SO4 hydrolysis
MCC H2SO4 hydrolysis
MCC Sonication
Cellulose nanowhiskers Cotton linters HCl hydrolysis
Whiskers Cellulose fibers H2SO4 hydrolysis
Nanofibers Wheat strawHCl + Mechanical Treatment
Nanocrystalline cellulose MCC H2SO4 hydrolysis
Microfibrillated CellulosePulp Gaulin Homogenizer
Pulp Daicel -
Pulp Daicel -Nanofibrillated cellulose Cellulose nanofibrils
Sulfite pulp MechanicalMicrocrystalline cellulose
Alpha-cellulose fibers Hydrolysis
Cellulose Crystallites Cotton Whatman filter paper H2SO4 hydrolysis
Nanocellulose Sisal fibers H2SO4 hydrolysis
Cellulose Microcrystal Cotton Whatman filter paper HCl hydrolysis
Nanofibers Soybean podsChemical treatment + high pressure defibrilator
Table 1. The different terminologies used to describe cellulose nanoparticles.
8
Manufacturing
Fig.4.1 Cellulose extraction processes
CELLULOSE NANOFIBRILS
CELLULOSE NANO CRYSTALS
9
Manufacturing
Fig 4.2 Fiber extraction
10
4.3
11
Manufacturing
Figure 4.4: Isolation of nanofibers by chemomechanical treatment.
12
Properties
The properties of cellulosic fibers are influenced by factors like -
Chemical composition Internal fiber structure Micro fibril angle Cell dimensions
matrixfibre BC coated fibre
BC
Fig. 5. Schematic showing the different types of hierarchical composites. Left: conventional fibre reinforced polymer composites, middle: BC coated fibre reinforced hierarchical composites and right: BC coated fibre reinforced hierarchical nanocomposites. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)
14Fig. 6. Scanning electron micrographs showing (a) neat sisal fibres, (b), densely BC coated sisal fibres at low
magnification, and (c) ‘‘hairy’’ BC coated sisal fibres. The insets show the fibre morphology at high magnification, where BC network could still be observed.
15
Table 2BET surface area, single fibre tensile modulus and tensile strength of neat and BC coated sisal fibres; dense layer and ‘‘hairy fibres’’, respectively.
Sample BET surface area (m2 g - 1 ) Single fibre tensile propertiesTensile modulus (GPa)
Tensile strength (MPa)
Neat sisal fibres DCNS fibres HNSF fibres
0.10 ± 0.01
0.77 ± 0.03
0.49 ± 0.03
24.1 ± 3.1
12.5 ± 1.3
22.9 ± 2.2
535 ± 69
253 ± 27
456 ± 50
Source-K.-Y. Lee et al. / Composites: Part A 43 (2012) 2065–2074
16
Sample ET (GPa) rT (MPa) e (%) Wc (MJ m - 3 ) EF (GPa) rF (MPa)
Neat PLLA 0.97 ± 0.02 62.6 ± 1.0 7.2 ± 0.7 2.7 ± 0.6 3.70 ± 0.04 86.1 ± 6.9
PLLA–sisal 1.28 ± 0.03 58.7 ± 1.0 6.5 ± 0.4 2.4 ± 0.2 4.85 ± 0.10 105.6 ± 1.5
PLLA–DCNS 1.35 ± 0.03 57.3 ± 1.3 5.2 ± 0.2 2.1 ± 0.5 5.19 ± 0.07 99.2 ± 2.8
PLLA–HNSF 1.29 ± 0.03 57.8 ± 1.6 5.7 ± 0.3 1.9 ± 0.2 4.96 ± 0.16 102.0 ± 2.5
PLLA–sisal–BC 1.46 ± 0.02 60.9 ± 1.9 4.8 ± 0.4 1.6 ± 0.3 5.74 ± 0.05 100.0 ± 2.2
PLLA–DCNS–BC 1.63 ± 0.04 67.8 ± 1.2 4.9 ± 0.2 1.8 ± 0.2 6.19 ± 0.08 95.5 ± 2.3
PLLA–HNSF–BC 1.59 ± 0.05 69.2 ± 1.2 5.1 ± 0.3 1.9 ± 0.2 5.77 ± 0.13 96.8 ± 2.0
Table 3Summary of mechanical properties of neat PLLA and its composites. ET, rT, e, Wc, EF, rF indicate tensile modulus, tensile strength, engineering elongation at
break, engineering work of fracture, flexural modulus and flexural strength, respectively.
Source-K.-Y. Lee et al. / Composites: Part A 43 (2012) 2065–2074
17
0.00 0.02 0.06 0.080
10
20
30
40
50
60
0.00 0.02 0.06 0.080
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
PLLA
PLLA-NS
PLLA-DCNS
PLLA-HNSF
Stre
ss (M
Pa)
0.04
Engineering Strain
PLLA
PLLA-NS-BC
PLLA-DCNS-BC
PLLA-HNSF-BC
Stre
ss (M
Pa)
0.04
Engineering Strain
Fig. 7. Characteristic tensile stress strain curves of neat PLLA and its hierarchical composites.
18
Literature surveySl no. TITLE AUTHOR CONCLUSION
1 Cellulosic Bionanocomposites: A Review of
Preparation, Properties and Applications
Gilberto Siqueira, Julien Bras and Alain Dufresne Major studies have shown that cellulose
nanoparticles could be used as fillers to improve
mechanical and barrier properties of
biocomposites.
2 A Review on Potentiality of Nano Filler/Natural Fiber FilledPolymer Hybrid Composites
Naheed Saba , Paridah Md Tahir and Mohammad Jawaid
This review article intended to presentinformation about diverse classes of natural fibers, nanofiller, cellulosic fiber basedcomposite, nanocomposite, and natural fiber/nanofiller-based hybrid composite withspecific concern to their applications.
3 Short sisal fibre reinforced bacterial cellulose polylactide nanocompositesusing hairy sisal fibres as reinforcement
Koon-Yang Lee, Puja Bharadia, Jonny J. Blaker, Alexander Bismarck
These fibres were used to produce hierarchical sisal fibrereinforced BC polylactide (PLLA) nanocomposites.
19
Advantages
Low density Renewable natureWide variety of filler available through the world Low energy consumption High specific properties Modest abrasivity during processingBiodegradability.
20Fig. 8 Application in automobile
21
Application
Electronic Industry
Digital Displays
Aerospace
Electrical
Automobile Industry
22
Conclusion
The mechanical properties such as high strength and stiffness, the surface reactivity, the specific organization as well as the small dimensions of nanocellulose may well impart useful properties to (nano)composite materials reinforced with fibers .
23
Reference Cellulosic Bionanocomposites: A Review of Preparation, Properties and
Applications Gilberto Siqueira 1,2, Julien Bras 1 and Alain Dufresne 1, Division of Manufacturing.
A Review on Potentiality of Nano Filler/Natural Fiber FilledPolymer Hybrid
Composites Naheed Saba , Paridah Md Tahir and Mohammad Jawaid Polymers 2014, 6, 2247-2273;
Short sisal fibre reinforced bacterial cellulose polylactide nanocomposites using hairy sisal fibres as reinforcement Koon-Yang Lee, Puja Bharadia, Jonny J. Blaker, Alexander Bismarck 2012 Elsevier Ltd Composites: Part A 43 (2012) 2065–2074