cells. what is a cell? a cell is the smallest functional unit of life (it is the smallest, most...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Cells. What is a cell? A cell is the smallest functional unit of life (it is the smallest, most simple thing that can still be considered living) It is](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649c875503460f9493f07c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Cells
![Page 2: Cells. What is a cell? A cell is the smallest functional unit of life (it is the smallest, most simple thing that can still be considered living) It is](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649c875503460f9493f07c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
What is a cell?• A cell is the smallest functional unit
of life (it is the smallest, most simple thing that can still be considered living)
• It is basis for “organization”
![Page 3: Cells. What is a cell? A cell is the smallest functional unit of life (it is the smallest, most simple thing that can still be considered living) It is](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649c875503460f9493f07c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Structural OrganizationOrganism
Organ System
Organ
Tissue
Cell
![Page 4: Cells. What is a cell? A cell is the smallest functional unit of life (it is the smallest, most simple thing that can still be considered living) It is](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649c875503460f9493f07c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The Invention of the Microscope
• Antonie van Leeuwenhoek–Mid 1600s–Made 1st microscope–Magnification of 270x–Observed pond water
![Page 5: Cells. What is a cell? A cell is the smallest functional unit of life (it is the smallest, most simple thing that can still be considered living) It is](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649c875503460f9493f07c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Who discovered the cell?• 1665 Robert Hooke used a microscope
to look at cork. The cork looked like little boxes under the microscope.
• Fun fact: Hooke used the word “cells” because the boxes he saw under the microscope reminded him of cells that monks lived in.
This is what cells look like under a microscope
![Page 6: Cells. What is a cell? A cell is the smallest functional unit of life (it is the smallest, most simple thing that can still be considered living) It is](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649c875503460f9493f07c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Who discovered the cell?• 1830s Matthias Schleiden determines that
all plants are made up of cells. Theodor Schwann determines all animals are made up of cells.
• 1855 Rudolf Virchow says that all cells must come from other cells.
• This all lead up to The Cell Theory
![Page 7: Cells. What is a cell? A cell is the smallest functional unit of life (it is the smallest, most simple thing that can still be considered living) It is](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649c875503460f9493f07c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Cell Theory• The cell theory has 3 parts:
1. All living things are made up of cells.2. The cell is the basic organizational
unit of all living things.3. Cells must come from other cells.
![Page 8: Cells. What is a cell? A cell is the smallest functional unit of life (it is the smallest, most simple thing that can still be considered living) It is](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649c875503460f9493f07c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
The Parts of a Cell• Nucleus• Mitochondria• Golgi apparatus• Endoplasmic Reticulum• Ribosomes• Vacuoles• Cell membrane• Cytoplasm
Organelles
![Page 9: Cells. What is a cell? A cell is the smallest functional unit of life (it is the smallest, most simple thing that can still be considered living) It is](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649c875503460f9493f07c/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Organelles•Cell parts = organelles
![Page 10: Cells. What is a cell? A cell is the smallest functional unit of life (it is the smallest, most simple thing that can still be considered living) It is](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649c875503460f9493f07c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Nucleus• The “brain” of the cell• Directs cell activities• Where genetic information is stored
–DNA Genes ChromosomesNucleus
![Page 11: Cells. What is a cell? A cell is the smallest functional unit of life (it is the smallest, most simple thing that can still be considered living) It is](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649c875503460f9493f07c/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Mitochondria• The “powerhouse” of the cell• Releases energy for the cell to use
Mitochondria
![Page 12: Cells. What is a cell? A cell is the smallest functional unit of life (it is the smallest, most simple thing that can still be considered living) It is](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649c875503460f9493f07c/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Ribosomes• Make protein
Ribosomes
![Page 13: Cells. What is a cell? A cell is the smallest functional unit of life (it is the smallest, most simple thing that can still be considered living) It is](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649c875503460f9493f07c/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Vacuoles• Used for storage• Like containers that you use to store
leftovers in the fridgeVacuole
![Page 14: Cells. What is a cell? A cell is the smallest functional unit of life (it is the smallest, most simple thing that can still be considered living) It is](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649c875503460f9493f07c/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Endoplasmic Reticulum• Folds the proteins• Processes (modifies) proteins
Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum
![Page 15: Cells. What is a cell? A cell is the smallest functional unit of life (it is the smallest, most simple thing that can still be considered living) It is](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649c875503460f9493f07c/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Golgi Bodies• Packages proteins (and other materials)
into vesicles so they can be “shipped” to other parts of the cell
Golgi Bodies
![Page 16: Cells. What is a cell? A cell is the smallest functional unit of life (it is the smallest, most simple thing that can still be considered living) It is](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649c875503460f9493f07c/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Cytoplasm• Like gelatin• Surrounds all of the organelles• Can also be called the cytoskeleton
Cytoplasm
![Page 17: Cells. What is a cell? A cell is the smallest functional unit of life (it is the smallest, most simple thing that can still be considered living) It is](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649c875503460f9493f07c/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Cell membrane• The covering of the cell• Allows certain materials to enter or
leave the cell.Cell
Membrane
![Page 18: Cells. What is a cell? A cell is the smallest functional unit of life (it is the smallest, most simple thing that can still be considered living) It is](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649c875503460f9493f07c/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
There are 2 types of cells
•Prokaryotic•Eukaryotic
![Page 19: Cells. What is a cell? A cell is the smallest functional unit of life (it is the smallest, most simple thing that can still be considered living) It is](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649c875503460f9493f07c/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Prokaryotic• 1st kind of cell• Very simple• No internal organelles (except
ribosomes)• All bacteria fit into this category
![Page 20: Cells. What is a cell? A cell is the smallest functional unit of life (it is the smallest, most simple thing that can still be considered living) It is](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649c875503460f9493f07c/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Eukaryotic• Last to evolve• More complex• Have organelles• 2 types of eukaryotic cells
–Plant cells–Animal cells
![Page 21: Cells. What is a cell? A cell is the smallest functional unit of life (it is the smallest, most simple thing that can still be considered living) It is](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649c875503460f9493f07c/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Organelles Only Found in Plant Cells
• Cell wall• Chloroplast
ChloroplastCell Wall
![Page 22: Cells. What is a cell? A cell is the smallest functional unit of life (it is the smallest, most simple thing that can still be considered living) It is](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649c875503460f9493f07c/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Cell Wall• Plants don’t have skeletons to hold
them up, so each cell has a thick cell wall that provides support.
• Cell wall contains cellulose• This is what you hear snapping/crunching
when you chew lettuce or raw green beans.
![Page 23: Cells. What is a cell? A cell is the smallest functional unit of life (it is the smallest, most simple thing that can still be considered living) It is](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649c875503460f9493f07c/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Humans don’t have chloroplasts. If they did, they
would be green!
Chloroplast• Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll• Chlorophyll is a pigment that traps
sunlight• This is the part of the plant that converts
sunlight to chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis.
![Page 24: Cells. What is a cell? A cell is the smallest functional unit of life (it is the smallest, most simple thing that can still be considered living) It is](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649c875503460f9493f07c/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Common Plant and Animal Cell Organelles
Animal Cell Plant Cell
![Page 25: Cells. What is a cell? A cell is the smallest functional unit of life (it is the smallest, most simple thing that can still be considered living) It is](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649c875503460f9493f07c/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Cell Membrane
Nucleus
Ribosome
Golgi Body
VacuoleSmooth Endoplasmic ReticulumRough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Mitochondrion
Common Plant and Animal Cell Organelles
Animal Cell Plant Cell
![Page 26: Cells. What is a cell? A cell is the smallest functional unit of life (it is the smallest, most simple thing that can still be considered living) It is](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649c875503460f9493f07c/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Differences Between Plant and Animal CellsCell Wall
Chloroplast
Larger Vacuole
Plant CellAnimal Cell
![Page 27: Cells. What is a cell? A cell is the smallest functional unit of life (it is the smallest, most simple thing that can still be considered living) It is](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649c875503460f9493f07c/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Are All Cells the Same Shape?
![Page 28: Cells. What is a cell? A cell is the smallest functional unit of life (it is the smallest, most simple thing that can still be considered living) It is](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649c875503460f9493f07c/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Are All Cells the Same Shape?
• No! • Each cell has a different shape
that fits what its job is.
![Page 29: Cells. What is a cell? A cell is the smallest functional unit of life (it is the smallest, most simple thing that can still be considered living) It is](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649c875503460f9493f07c/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Are All Cells the Same Shape?
Each cell has a different shape that fits what its job is.
![Page 30: Cells. What is a cell? A cell is the smallest functional unit of life (it is the smallest, most simple thing that can still be considered living) It is](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649c875503460f9493f07c/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Metabolism• Metabolism is how fast a cell can get materials
in, break them down and build new stuff out of it…
–Anabolism• cells building things (like protein)
–Catabolism• cells breaking things down (the food you eat)
• Anabolism + Catabolism = Metabolism
![Page 31: Cells. What is a cell? A cell is the smallest functional unit of life (it is the smallest, most simple thing that can still be considered living) It is](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649c875503460f9493f07c/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Review Time!
Let’s see what you learned today…
![Page 32: Cells. What is a cell? A cell is the smallest functional unit of life (it is the smallest, most simple thing that can still be considered living) It is](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649c875503460f9493f07c/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Compare and Contrast the Organelles Found in Plant Cells Vs. Animal Cells
PlantsAnimals
Both
![Page 33: Cells. What is a cell? A cell is the smallest functional unit of life (it is the smallest, most simple thing that can still be considered living) It is](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649c875503460f9493f07c/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Compare and Contrast the Organelles Found in Plant Cells Vs. Animal Cells
PlantsAnimals
Both Cell WallChloroplastsNucleus
ERGolgi BodyMitochondriaRibosomesVacuolesCell membrane
![Page 34: Cells. What is a cell? A cell is the smallest functional unit of life (it is the smallest, most simple thing that can still be considered living) It is](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649c875503460f9493f07c/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
How Do Cells Play a Role in Structural Organization?
![Page 35: Cells. What is a cell? A cell is the smallest functional unit of life (it is the smallest, most simple thing that can still be considered living) It is](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649c875503460f9493f07c/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
How Do Cells Play a Role in Structural Organization?
Organism
Organ System
Organ
Tissue
Cell
![Page 36: Cells. What is a cell? A cell is the smallest functional unit of life (it is the smallest, most simple thing that can still be considered living) It is](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649c875503460f9493f07c/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Why do plant cells need a larger vacuole than animal
cells?
![Page 37: Cells. What is a cell? A cell is the smallest functional unit of life (it is the smallest, most simple thing that can still be considered living) It is](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649c875503460f9493f07c/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Why do plant cells need a larger vacuole than animal cells?
Because plants make their own food from sunlight. Sunlight is not available 24-7, so the plant has to be able to store lots of food in case it does not get sunlight for awhile.
![Page 38: Cells. What is a cell? A cell is the smallest functional unit of life (it is the smallest, most simple thing that can still be considered living) It is](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649c875503460f9493f07c/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Is this a prokaryotic or a eukaryotic cell?
Cell Membrane
Cell Wall
Large Vacuole
Chloroplast
![Page 39: Cells. What is a cell? A cell is the smallest functional unit of life (it is the smallest, most simple thing that can still be considered living) It is](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649c875503460f9493f07c/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Is this a prokaryotic or a eukaryotic cell?
Cell Membrane
Cell Wall
Large Vacuole
Chloroplast
Eukaryotic cell – it has organelles
![Page 40: Cells. What is a cell? A cell is the smallest functional unit of life (it is the smallest, most simple thing that can still be considered living) It is](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649c875503460f9493f07c/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Is E. coil bacteria a prokaryotic cell or a eukaryotic cell?
![Page 41: Cells. What is a cell? A cell is the smallest functional unit of life (it is the smallest, most simple thing that can still be considered living) It is](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649c875503460f9493f07c/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Is E. coil bacteria a prokaryotic cell or a eukaryotic cell?
Prokaryotic– it has no
organelles
![Page 42: Cells. What is a cell? A cell is the smallest functional unit of life (it is the smallest, most simple thing that can still be considered living) It is](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649c875503460f9493f07c/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
What type of cell is this?
Cell Membrane
Cell Wall
Large Vacuole
Chloroplast
![Page 43: Cells. What is a cell? A cell is the smallest functional unit of life (it is the smallest, most simple thing that can still be considered living) It is](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649c875503460f9493f07c/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
What type of cell is this?
Cell Membrane
Cell Wall
Large Vacuole
Chloroplast
PLANT CELL
![Page 44: Cells. What is a cell? A cell is the smallest functional unit of life (it is the smallest, most simple thing that can still be considered living) It is](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649c875503460f9493f07c/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Can you tell what each organelle does?
• Nucleus- • Ribosome-• Chloroplast-• Mitochondria-• Endoplasmic Reticulum-• Vacuole-• Golgi Apparatus-
![Page 45: Cells. What is a cell? A cell is the smallest functional unit of life (it is the smallest, most simple thing that can still be considered living) It is](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649c875503460f9493f07c/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Can you tell what each organelle does?
• Nucleus- controls the cell’s activities• Ribosome- makes protein• Chloroplast- makes sunlight into food• Mitochondria- makes energy• Endoplasmic Reticulum- folds proteins• Vacuole- stores stuff• Golgi Apparatus- packages and ships stuff