cells: prokaryote vs eukaryote - wordpress.com cells are ... copyright cmassengale. 22 thick, tough...
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Cells: Prokaryote vs
Eukaryote
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Bell Ringer: Write questions
about this picture.
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Bell Ringer: Write down what you
observe about these pictures.
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Prokaryote cells are
smaller and simpler
Commonly known as bacteria
Single-celled(unicellular)
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These are
prokaryote
E. coli bacteria
on the head of
a steel pin.
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Prokaryote cells are simply built
(example: E. coli)
capsule: slimy outer
coating
cell wall: tougher middle
layer
cell membrane: delicate
inner skin
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cytoplasm: inner liquid filling
DNA in one big loop
pilli: for sticking to things
flagella: for swimming
ribosomes: for building
proteins
Prokaryote cells are simply built
(example: E. coli)
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Prokaryote Feeding
Photosynthetic: energy from sunlight
Disease-causing: feed on living things
Decomposers: feed on dead things
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Eukaryotes are bigger and more
complicated
Have membrane- bound organelles
Have chromosomes
can be multicellular
include animal and plant cells
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Organelles are
membrane-bound cell
parts
Mini “organs” that have
unique structures and
functions
Located in cytoplasm
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Eukaryotes Prokaryotes
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
1.
2.
3.
4.
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a.
b.
c. d.e.
f.
g.h.
Bacteria Cell
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a. b.
c.d.
e.
f.
g.
h.i.
j.
k.
l.
Plant Cell
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m. n.
o.
p.
q.
r.
s.
t.
u.
v. w.
Animal Cell
x.
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THIS IS THE END OF PROKARYOTE
VS. EUKARYOTE NOTES
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Bell Ringer
• Explain differences between a
Prokaryote and an Eukaryote.
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Organelle Functions
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Organelles
Very small (Microscopic)
Perform various functions for a
cell
Found in the cytoplasm
Most are membrane-bound
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Cell (Plasma) Membrane
Outsideof cell
Insideof cell(cytoplasm)
Cellmembrane
Proteins
Proteinchannel Lipid bilayer
Carbohydratechains
2 layers of phospholipids (lipid bilayer)
Controls what enters or leaves the cell
Surrounds outside of ALL cells
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Thick, tough layer made of cellulose in plantsSupports & protects the
cellFound outside of the cell
membrane• Found in plants, fungi, &
bacteria• NOT in ANIMAL CELLS
Cell wallCell Wall
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• Jelly-like substance inside cell membrane
• Provides a place to happen• Contains organelles to
carry out specific jobs
• Found in ALL cells
Cytoplasm (Cytosol) of a Cell
cytoplasm
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Mitochondria(singular = mitochondrion)
“Generate cellular energy (ATP)
Site of CELLULAR RESPIRATION (burning glucose)
All eukaryotes have mitochondria (plant, animal, fungi & protists)
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ChloroplastsPhotosynthesis – using light to make food from CO2
& H2O
Only in Algae (protists) & Plants
Never in animal, fungi, or bacterial cells
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Lysosomes
Break down food, bacteria, &
worn out cell parts so that the
materials can be used by the
cell
Found in ALL Eukaryotes
(plants, animals, fungi &
protists)
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Vacuoles
Fluid filled sacks for storage (mostly water but also wastes, food, etc...)
LARGE Central Vacuole in Plants
SMALL or absent in animal
No vacuoles in bacteria
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• In plants, they store Cell
Sap
• Includes storage of
sugars, proteins,
minerals, lipids, wastes,
salts, water, and
enzymes
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Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)Has ribosomes on its surface & is attached to nuclear membrane
Makes membrane proteins and modifies proteins for transport out of cell
ALL eukaryotes
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Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Smooth ER does NOT have
ribosomes on its surface & is
attached to the ends of rough ER
Makes Lipids for cell membrane
& cell products that are USED
INSIDE the cell
ALL eukaryotes
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Golgi Bodies
Stacks of flattened
membranes (disks)
Modify & Package proteins
made on the rough ER
ALL EukaryotesTransport
vesicle
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• Controls the normal activities of the cell
• ALL Eukaryotes
Nucleus - The Control Organelle
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• Contains the DNA (chromosomes) inside the nucleus
• ALL Eukaryotes
Nucleolus
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• Surrounds the nucleus; a nuclear envelope (membrane) with pores
• ALL Eukaryotes
Nuclear Membrane
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• Helps in cell division• Only Animal Cells
Centrioles
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Ribosomes
Makes Proteins through a process called
Protein Synthesis
ALL CELLS (prokaryotes & eukaryotes)
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How are plant and animal cells different?
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Structure Animal cells Plant cells
cell membrane
nucleus
ribosomes
Rough ER
Smooth ER
Golgi apparatus
cell wall
mitochondria
cholorplasts
vacuole
Cytoplasm
lysosome
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Eukaryote cells can be
multicellular
The whole cell can be specialized for
one job
cells can work together as tissues
Tissues can work together as organs
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Examples of specialized
euk. cells
liver cell:
specialized to
detoxify blood
and store
glucose as
glycogen.
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sperm cell:
specialized to
deliver DNA to
egg cell
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Flagellum/flagella
large whiplike tail
pushes or pulls
cell through water
can be single, or a
pair
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Cilia
fine, hairlike
extensions
attached to cell
membrane
beat in unison