cells. cells cell: smallest unit of an organism that carries on life functions
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CELLSCELLS
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CELLSCELLSCELLCELL::Smallest unit of Smallest unit of an organism that an organism that carries on life carries on life functions.functions.
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How Big is a Cell?How Big is a Cell?
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2 CELL TYPES2 CELL TYPES
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PROKARYOTIC CELLSPROKARYOTIC CELLS
Unicellular (one-Unicellular (one-celled) organismscelled) organisms bacteriabacteria
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EUKARYOTIC CELLSEUKARYOTIC CELLS Make up multi-cellular Make up multi-cellular
organisms.organisms. ProtistsProtists FungiFungi PlantsPlants AnimalsAnimals
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COMPARING CELLSCOMPARING CELLS
Size and shape Size and shape relate to the cell’s relate to the cell’s functionfunction..
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STRUCTURAL HIERARCHYSTRUCTURAL HIERARCHY
ATOMS
MOLECULES
CELLS
TISSUE
ORGAN
ORGAN SYSTEM
ORGANISM
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CELL WALLSCELL WALLS
Composed of Composed of cellulosecellulose
ROLE: Protects the ROLE: Protects the cells ofcells of PlantsPlants AlgaeAlgae FungiFungi Most bacteriaMost bacteria
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CELL MEMBRANECELL MEMBRANE Protective layer around all cellsProtective layer around all cells
Inside cell wall (if the cell has a wall)Inside cell wall (if the cell has a wall)
ROLE: Regulates material entering and leaving ROLE: Regulates material entering and leaving the cell (oxygen, food, waste, etc.)the cell (oxygen, food, waste, etc.)
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CYTOPLASMCYTOPLASM
Gelatinlike substance Gelatinlike substance inside cell inside cell membrane.membrane.
ROLE: Scaffolding-ROLE: Scaffolding-like structure, helps like structure, helps cell keep its shapecell keep its shape Contains hereditary Contains hereditary
info. in Eukaryotic info. in Eukaryotic cells to help life cells to help life processesprocesses
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NUCLEUSNUCLEUS
ROLE: Contains ROLE: Contains instructions for instructions for everything the cell everything the cell does.does.
Includes DNAIncludes DNA
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ENERGY-PROCESSING ENERGY-PROCESSING ORGANELLESORGANELLES
Help cells carry on Help cells carry on their processes.their processes.
ChloroplastsChloroplasts: green : green organelles in plants organelles in plants that make food.that make food.
MitochondriaMitochondria: store : store and release energy and release energy from food.from food.
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MANUFACTURING MANUFACTURING ORGANELLESORGANELLES
RibosomesRibosomes: Make : Make proteins for cell proteins for cell activities.activities. Sometimes attach to Sometimes attach to
endoplasmic endoplasmic reticulum.reticulum.
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PROCESSING, PROCESSING, TRANSPORTING, and TRANSPORTING, and
STORING ORGANELLESSTORING ORGANELLES Endoplasmic Endoplasmic
ReticulumReticulum: series of : series of smooth or rough folded smooth or rough folded membranes where membranes where materials can be materials can be processed and moved processed and moved around in the cell.around in the cell.
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Golgi-BodiesGolgi-Bodies: Stacked, flat : Stacked, flat membranesmembranes Sort and package proteins, etc. Sort and package proteins, etc.
into structures called vesicles.into structures called vesicles.
VesiclesVesicles: deliver : deliver cellular substances to cellular substances to the cell membrane the cell membrane where they are released.where they are released.
VacuoleVacuole: Temporary : Temporary storage of materials storage of materials (water, waste, food, etc)(water, waste, food, etc)
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RECYCLING ORGANELLESRECYCLING ORGANELLES
LysosomesLysosomes: : have digestive have digestive chemicals that chemicals that help break down help break down food molecules, food molecules, cell wastes, and cell wastes, and worn-out cell worn-out cell parts.parts.