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Histology Lab Part 1INTRODUCTION: There are four types of tissue in the human body.

Tissues are specialized __________________ organized together to complete a specific task in the human body.

______________________________ is the study of tissues.

EPITHELIAL TISSUESTATION #1: VOCABULARY

oAvascular :

oGoblet Cells:

oPseudostratified Columnar Epithelia :

oApical Surface :

oSerosae :

oMucosae :

STATION #2: SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIA1. What is the function of this tissue type?

2. Where is this tissue type found in the body?

STATION #3: STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIA1. Describe the shape of these cells.


3. What is its purpose?

STATION #4: TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIA1. To what other type of epithelia is this tissue most similar?


3. This tissue type does what for the human body?

STATION #5: SIMPLE CUBOIDAL EPITHELIA1. Describe the shape of these cells.

2. Where could this tissue type found in the body?

STATION #6: SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIA1. How many cell layers should this tissue have? _________


3. This tissue type usually contains specialized cells, called _________________ cells that produce important lubricating mucous. Draw one below.

STATION #7: REVIEWGo back to your seats. Use your lab notes/textbook.

What type of epithelial tissue would you expect to find in the…1. Lungs?

2. Respiratory tract?

3. Esophagus?

4. Kidneys? 7. Urinary System?

5. Bladder? 8. Ovaries?

6. Endocrine Glands? 9. Esophagus?

CONNECTIVE TISSUE

STATION #8

EXAMPLES:1. 4. 7.2. 5. 8.3. 6. 9.VOCABULARY:oChondrocytes :

oOsseus tissue :

oExtracellular matrix :

oVascularized :

oReticular Connective Tissue :

ohyalin : STATION #9: AREOLAR TISSUE

1. Describe this tissue in one word. ________________________

2. What does this tissue store? ____________________________

3. This type of connective tissue is categorized as ____________________________.

4. Areola = __________________________

5. Areolar tissue is the cause of inflammation. Why does it do this and what does it cause?

STATION #10: HUMAN BLOOD SMEAR1. Why is blood an example of this tissue type?

2. Blood may also be called __________________________.

3. What does blood carry?

STATION #11: ADIPOSE TISSUE = _____________1. Adipose cells are a type of connective tissue. Which type?

2. Describe the look of this tissue in one word. ________________________3. Where can adipose be found?

4. What is its purpose?

STATION #12: TENDONS are not well-_______________________ like other types of connective tissue are.

1. Of what type of specific connective tissue is a tendon made?

2. Tendons do what in the human body?

3. How do they differ from ligaments?

STATION #13: CARTILAGE is _____________________ making it an exception to the connective tissue rule.

1. Cartilage is _______________ hard and _______________ flexible than bone.

2. What are the three types of cartilage? Circle the one that is most common.

3. Compare/contrast hyaline and elastic. Draw both and explain the differences that you see.

STATION #14: REVIEWGo back to your seats. Use your lab notes/textbook.

Which type of connective tissue is being described by the following pictures?Fetal skeleton

http://neuromedia.neurobio.ucla.edu/campbell/connective_tissue/wp_images/2_adipose_cells.gif

STATION #15: Take notes on MUSCLE TISSUE.Function:

3 types:

Multinucleate cells have…

Which type(s) is/are… Voluntary?

Involuntary?

Where would you find _____________ in the human body?1. Skeletal –

2. Cardiac –

3. Smooth –total mag.:___________

STATION #16: Examine and draw the striated muscle . 1. What types of muscles are striated?

2. How would these 2 types of muscles differ from each other?

STATION #17: Examine and draw the involuntary muscle. total mag.:___________1. Based on your observations, what type of muscle is this? Explain.

STATION #18: Take notes on NERVOUS TISSUE!Function:

Neurons =

Glial Cells =

3 types of neurons and what they do –

Draw the picture of the neuron from the website. Label each part and its function.

STATION #19: Cell Organelle ReviewA. E.B. F.C. G.D. H.

STATION #20: Histology Summary

STATION #1Epithelial Tissue Vocabulary

Functions: Line/cover body surfaces Protection, absorption, filtration, secretion

Characteristics:1.Found throughout the body, covers all body surfaces both

inside and out2.Contains apical surface (a free, unattached, unexposed

surface or end)3.Continuous sheet with cells bound tightly4.Avascular (no direct blood supply)5.Basal (lower surface) rests on basement membrane (non-

cellular, non-living) which connects it to connective tissue6.Regenerate easily and rapidly

Epithelial Cell Examples: Goblet Cells: found in simple columnar epithelium,

produce lubricating mucus. Skin Cells Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelial Cells: One layer

(simple) of cells of varying heights; gives the impression of stratified (pseudo); found in the respiratory tract

Other important epithelia vocabulary: Serosae: Slick membranes that line the ventral body cavities

and cover the organs in those cavities. Mucosae: Membranes that line body cavities open to the

exterior of the body.

STATION #2Simple Squamous Epithelia

Epithelium is classified based on # of cell layers and cell shape. One cell-layer-type is described below.

1.Simple epithelium is one cell layer thick.a.Simple squamous – flat, fish-like scales

In air sacs of lungs, capillary walls, serosa (lines cavities)

Filtration/exchange of materials through fast diffusion (carbon dioxide and oxygen for example)

b.Simple cuboidal – dice-like In ovaries, kidneys, salivary glands, pancreas

c. Simple columnar – in columns Entire digestive tract is made up of this Contain goblet cells with produce lubricating mucus

d.Pseudostratified columnar (in columns of various heights)

In respiratory tract

STATION #3Stratified Squamous Epithelia’s main purpose is protection since it is the thickest of the epithelial tissues.

Although this epithelium is referred to as squamous, many cells within the layers may not be flattened. This is due to the convention of naming epithelia according to the cell type at the surface. In the deeper layers, the cells may be columnar or cuboidal.

Epithelium is classified based on # of cell layers and cell shape. The other cell-layer-type is described below (and glandular)

2.Stratified epithelium is more than one cell layer thick.a.Stratified squamous: most common type of epithelial

tissue In esophagus, mouth, outer skin Purpose: protection due to thickness; found in sites that receive a good deal of abuse and friction (mouth, esophagus, outer skin)

b.Stratified cuboidal and columnar Rare In large ducts of various glands (pancreas for example)

c. Transitional (also called urothelium) Allows stretching so as to accommodate for volume fluctuations

Protects against caustic effects of urine In urinary bladder, ureters, urethra and prostrate (urinary system)

Very similar to stratified squamous

3.Glandular –make up glands that secrete products; of cuboidal and columnar type

STATION #4Transitional Epithelia is a type of stratified tissue. Use the image on the Promethean screen for your sketch.

Epithelium is classified based on # of cell layers and cell shape. See below for the description about stratified tissue.

2.Stratified epithelium is more than two cell layers thick.a.Stratified squamous: most common type of epithelial

tissue In esophagus, mouth, outer skin

b.Stratified cuboidal and columnar Rare In large ducts of various glands (pancreas for example)

c. Transitional (also called urothelium) Allows stretching so as to accommodate for volume fluctuations

Protects against caustic effects of urine In urinary bladder, ureters, urethra and prostrate (urinary system)

Very similar to stratified squamous

STATION #5Simple Cuboidal Epithelia








2.Stratified (2 or more cell layers thick)


STATION #6Simple Columnar Epithelia








2.Stratified (2 or more cell layers thick)


STATION #8Connective Tissue Examples and Vocabulary

CONNECTIVE TISSUE IS THE MOST ABUNDANT TYPE OF TISSUE FOUND IN THE HUMAN BODY!

Function: connects body parts and support

Characteristics: very well-vascularized (with 3 exceptions) contains extracellular matrix (the defining feature in

connective tissue; gives structural support to tissues, separates different types of tissues; regulates cell communication; non-living)

Examples:1.Bone (osseous tissue)

Bone cells sit in a matrix (netting) of calcium and cartilage

Rigid due to mineral salts

2.Three Types of Cartilage (cartilage cells = chondrocytes) Hyaline : hyalin = glass; found in larynx, ribs, ends of

bones, fetal skeleton; most abundant type of cartilage in the body

Fibrocartilage : very tough, cushion-like disk between vertebrae

Elastic : more flexible; found in external ear Characteristics: soft, flexible, avascular

3.Dense, fibrous connective tissue Tendons (connect muscles to bones) Ligaments (connects bone to bone) Not well-vascularized (poor blood supply), thus slow

healing…remember I would rather break a bone than tear a tendon or ligament.

4.Loose connective tissue Areolar : cobwebby; cushions and protects; acts as a

reservoir (storage tank) for water and salts; areola = small, open space

Edema = when a body region becomes puffy because areolar tissue soaks up excess fluid due to an inflammatory injury or reaction, etc.

Adipose : FAT (ring-like cells); insulates and cushions; can be found beneath the skin (subcutaneous layer), around organs, in fat depots (breasts and hips)

Reticular : branch-like; support lymphoid organs; found in lymph nodes, liver, spleen, bone marrow, kidneys

5.Blood is also called vascular tissue Considered connective tissue because it contains

blood cells and a fibrous extracellular matrix called blood plasma.

Fibrous tissues only appear when blood clots Blood carries water, nutrients, oxygen, wastes, etc. Two types of blood cells: red (erythrocytes) and white

(leukocytes)

STATION #9Areolar Tissue is a type of loose connective tissue.

Areolar : cobwebby; cushions and protects; acts as a reservoir (storage tank) for water and salts; areola = small, open space




STATION #10The Human Blood Smear can be viewed both with microscope using the prepared slide and on the Promethean screen. Label the parts that are labeled for you. Use both images so that you can compare.

Blood is also called vascular tissue. It is considered connective tissue because it contains blood cells and a fibrous extracellular matrix called blood plasma. The fibrous tissues only appear when blood clots. Blood is made up of cells and fluids: platelets, blood cells and plasma. It carries water, nutrients, oxygen, wastes, etc. Two types of blood cells are red (erythrocytes) and white (leukocytes)…write these words down and their meanings.

STATION #11Adipose Tissue is a type of loose connective tissue.

Areolar : cobwebby; cushions and protects; acts as a reservoir (storage tank) for water and salts; areola = small, open space




STATION #12Tendons (sinews…know this word) are a type of dense and fibrous connective tissue. They connect muscles to bones and have a poor blood supply flowing to them, thus have a slow healing process…remember I would rather break a bone than tear a tendon or ligament. They are similar in stretchy structure to ligaments which connect bone to bone.

STATION #13Cartilage includes three main types:

Hyaline : hyalin = glass; found in larynx, ribs, ends of bones, fetal skeleton; most abundant type of cartilage in the body

Fibrocartilage : very tough, cushion-like disk between vertebrae

Elastic : more flexible; found in external ear Characteristics: soft, flexible, avascular

STATION #15Muscle Tissue

Function: fibers contract and relax to cause movement

Three Types:1.Skeletal : attached to skeleton; voluntary,

loooooonnnng; multinucleate (many nuclei) cells with striations (parallel fibers)

2.Cardiac : found in the heart; involuntary; branching, striated cells

3.Smooth : involuntary; slower action; no striations; spindle shape; found in hollow organs like the stomach

STATION #16Striated Muscle Tissue = striped or voluntary

Three Types of Muscle Tissue:1.Skeletal : attached to skeleton; voluntary,




STATION #17Involuntary Muscle Tissue

Three Types of Muscle Tissue:1.Skeletal : attached to skeleton; voluntary,




STATION #18Nervous Tissue

Function: sends electrochemical impulses in the brain and spinal cord

Made of neurons (nerve cells) and supporting glial cells.

Use the following website for the neuron picture you need to sketch and other information: http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/anatomy/brain/Neuron.shtml

Be sure to sketch the neuron and label its parts and their functions!

View the nervous tissue under the microscope as well.

http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/anatomy/brain/Neuron.shtml

http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/anatomy/brain/Neuron.shtml

STATION #19Review the organelles of eukaryotic animal cells (found in the human body) using the cell model. List the names of the organelles on your lab sheet according to the cell model labels.

STATION #20REVIEW: Put the answers to the following questions in full sentences.

SAVE UNTIL FRIDAY!

1)What are the 6 types of epithelial tissue (not including glandular)?

2)What is the most abundant type of tissue in the body?3)Which tissue type is generally avascular?4)Differentiate between ligaments and tendons?5)Why do they take so long to heal?6)What are the three types of muscle tissue? Which are

voluntary vs. involuntary?7)Which type of tissue binds structures together?8)When you pierce your ear, what type of cartilage are you

going through? Nose?9)Differentiate between the two types of blood cells.10) Differentiate between the two types of nerve cells.11) Which part of the neuron receives electrochemical

messages from other neurons?12) What is the purpose of the Schwann cells?

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