cells and cell structures - · pdf filethe cell theory the cell theory united plant and animal...

Cells and Cell Structures

10/16/2005Cells: The Basic Units of Life2

The Cell Theory

The cell theory united plant and animal sciences by recognizing that the cell is the fundamental component of all living organisms, from orchids and earthworms to human beings.


Contributors to the Cell Theory:

Robert Hooke (named cells)

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek (saw microorganisms)

Robert Brown (discovered the nucleus)

Matthias Schleiden (plants are made of cells)

Theodor Schwann (animals are made of cells)

Rudolf Virchow (cells come from cells)


Robert Hooke (1600s)

In 1665The first person to see

and name cells. He examined (dead)

cork bark with a primitive microscope

Saw little cubicles which he called cells (cell = room, cubicle).

http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/images/hookemicro.gif


Anton van Leeuwenhoek(1600’s)

He invented themicroscope……

Saw animalcules in pond water


Robert Brown (1800s)

Robert Brown discovered the nucleus


Matthias Jacob Schleiden(1800s)

Founder of Cell TheoryPlants are made of cells

Theodor Schwann(1800s)

Studied animal tissuesAnimals are made of cells.


Rudolf Virchow(1800s)

Omnis cellula e cellulaAll cells come from cells

First to state the cell theory

http://wwwihm.nlm.nih.gov/ihm/images/B/29/494.jpg


The Cell Theory

All living things are composed of cells and cell products.The cell is the smallest unit of life.Living creatures come from the growth and division of single cells.


Cells Come in Different Shapes


Cells Come in Different Sizes


Ostrich eggs are the biggest cells.

Most cells can only be seen with a microscope.


Cell Surface Area to Volume Relationship


Microscopes

Light Microscope

Scanning Electron Microscope

Transmission Electron Microscope

magnification

http://www.udel.edu/Biology/ketcham/microscope/scope.html

http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/java/electronmicroscopy/magnify1/index.html

http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/java/electronmicroscopy/magnify1/index.html

http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/museum/siemenselmiskop.html

http://www.biotech.iastate.edu/facilities/BMF/tempages/tem-hth2.html

http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/virtual/magnifying/index.html


Basic Cell Types

ProkaryoticSimple StructureSmallCell MembraneCytoplasmRibosomesNO ORGANELLESNaked DNA

Eukaryotic Complex StructureSmall to LargeCell MembraneCytoplasm Ribosomes on membranesMembrane-Bound OrganellesDNA in nucleus


Prokaryotic Cells

Simple Structure: Membrane, Cytoplasm, Ribosomes, and Naked DNA


Prokaryotic Cells

Archeabacteria EubacteriaCyanobacteria


More Eubacteria

Lactobacillus Nitrosomas E. coli


A Basic Eukaryotic Cell

Note the complex inner structure


Sperm and Eggs

Small Motile CellsLarge Sessile Cells


Red Blood Cells

Small cells without a nucleus. Filled with hemoglobin for oxygen transport throughout the body


Plant and Animal Cells

Cell Membrane Cell Membrane & Cell Wall

http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/animalcell.html

http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/plantcell.html


Cell Membrane: Lipid Bilayer


Cell Membrane: Membrane Proteins


Cytoplasm and Cytoskeleton

Cell substanceFilled with

solids,liquids, organelles, cytoskeletal support fibers & inner network of membranes.


Nucleus: Control Center of Cell


Ribosomes and Endoplasmic Reticulum

Rough ER: Ribosomes protein synthesis

Smooth ER: NO Ribosomeslipid synthesis and protein processing


Processing of Proteins


Golgi Apparatus

A system of sacs and vesicles in the cytoplasm


Mitochondria: Cell Powerhouse

Site of Cellular Respiration….ATP productionC6H12O6 + O2 → CO2 + H2O


Stages of Cellular RespirationBreakdown of glucose

Glycolysis: glucose to pyruvate (cytoplasm)Production of ATP: (mitochondria)

with O2 (aerobic) Krebs CycleElectron Transport36 ATP/molecule glucose

Production of ATP: (cytoplasm) without O2 (anaerobic)Alcoholic fermentationLactic acid fermentation2—4 ATP/molecule glucose


Plant Cells

Cell Wallmaintains shape of cell

Central Vacuolestores watermakes plant cell rigid

Chloroplastphotosynthesis


Chloroplasts

Chloroplasts : Site of PhotosynthesisCO2 + H2O → C6H12O6 + O2

light


Plant Pigments


Stages of Photosynthesis

Absorption of light energyLight reactionChlorophyll traps sunlight, electrons are excited, H2O split to produce O2

Electron TransportElectrons transported, ATP produced

Energy StorageATP powers formation of glucose bonds

cells and cell structures - · pdf filethe cell theory the cell theory united plant and animal...

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