cells and cell specialization
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Cells and types of cellsTRANSCRIPT
Cells and Cell SpecializationGeneral Science Ms S Butler
Objectives Identify and define parts of the cell
Introduction
Parts of a cell Organelle Nucleus Cytoplasm Protoplasm Chloroplasts Cell wall Cell membrane Vacuole
Define the partsUse the textbook
Pg 21-22
Plant Cell
Animal Cell
Specialized Cells All cells have a membrane, nucleus and
cytoplasm. However there are a great variety of
shapes. This is because each type of cell has a
particular job to do and its structure is formed to suit its
function. This is called cell specialization; there is a
division of labour among cells of the organism.
RED BLOOD CELLS Function: Carry
oxygen from lungs to
cells of the body. Adaptation: contain
a red substance called haemoglobin, which picks up oxygen.
Mature red blood cells have no nucleus
White Blood Cells White blood cells
defend the body against germs.
One type of WBC can engulf germs these are called Phagocytes
One type of WBC can produce substances called antibodies which destroy germs or poisons they produce
Muscle Cells- Smooth Muscle
Smooth muscle cells can
contract (shorten), this
contraction cause things to move.Found in internal organs like stomach , food canals
Muscle Cell- Skeletal Muscle Skeletal muscle
cells or striated or voluntary muscles
Can shorten to move bones.
Long, cylinder, shaped fibres that have striped appearance.
Muscle Cell- Cardiac Muscle Cardiac muscle cells
are found in the heart.
The contraction and relaxation of cardiac muscles cells cause the heart to pump blood throughout the body
Stripe appearance and from short branching threads or fibres.
Nerve Cell Carry messages
called impulses from one part of the body to another.
Adaptations: dendrites, axon, cell body
3 types: motor, sensory intermediate
Bone Cells Bone cells
make bone to support the body
Make bone marrow which makes red and white blood cells
Epithelial Cells Cover and
protect surfaces inside and outside the body.
The cheek cells inside the mouth and skin cells are examples of epithelial cells
Adaptation: Thin for absorption
Gametes- Sex Cells- Sperm Cell Sperm cell-
males have a tail for swimming, a head containing the nucleus, produced in the testis in males
Gametes- Sex Cells- Egg Cell
Egg cell- females store food in the cytoplasm for developing embryo, larger than other cells, produced in the ovaries.
Palisade Cells
Found in the leaves of plants contains lots of chloroplast for photosynthesis
Root Hair Cells
Found on the roots of plants in little hairs.
Long and thin to absorb water from the soil
Guard Cells Guard cells are
specialized cells located in the lower leaf epidermis of plants. These form tiny pores in the leaf surface are necessary for gas exchange into and out of the plant.
Questions Which Cell is responsible for:a) Absorbing water for plants?b) Transporting oxygen in animalsc) Making food for plantsd) Transporting messages around the
bodye) Allowing movement for the bodyf) Protect the body from infection
Questions What is a cell? Name the 3 basic parts of a cell. Name 2 main types of cells. Give 2
examples of each type. State 4 differences between the 2 main
types of cells. What is meant by the term cell
specialization.
Body Organization CELLS--> TISSUES--> ORGANS--> SYSTEMS-->
ORGANISM
We know what a cell is. What is a cell?
What is a tissue
A tissue is a group of similar cells working together to perform specific function.
Questions- THINK!!! What is an organ?
What is an organ system?
Name some examples of organ systems.
An organism is a whole functioning body that consists of a number of organ systems that work together to keep it alive.
Examples of Organs
Human Organ
Plant Organs
Heart LeafLungs StemBrain FlowerKidneys Root
S0ME OF THE MAJOR ORGANS IN THE HUMAN BODY
THE BRAIN
THE LUNGS
THE LIVERTHE STOMACH
THE BLADDER
NEXT
THE BRAIN
THE LUNGS
THE STOMACH
THE LIVER
THE BLADDER
THE HEART
THE KIDNEYS
What's My Function?
• Circulatory• Digestive• Endocrine• Excretory• Immune• Muscular• Nervous• Reproductive• Respiratory• Skeletal• Skin
• Carries needed material to and waste away from the body
• Takes in food, breaks it down, & absorbs nutrients
• Controls many regulatory processes by mean of chemicals
• Removes waste• Fights disease• Enables the body to move (voluntary &
involuntary motion)• Detects and interprets information from
the environment outside the body and from within the body
• Produces sex cells & controls male & female characteristics
• Supports the body, protects it and works with muscles to allow movement
• Protects the body, keeps water inside the body & regulates body temperature