cell transport and division
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Cell Transport and Division. Rebecca Maloney, Ciara O’Shea, Madeleine Skipworth , Will Rips, Jonathan Wakeman Period 1. Passive Transport. Movement of material down the concentration gradient Does NOT require energy from the cell Diffusion - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Cell Transport and Division
Rebecca Maloney, Ciara O’Shea, Madeleine Skipworth, Will Rips, Jonathan Wakeman
Period 1
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Passive Transport
• Movement of material down the concentration gradient
• Does NOT require energy from the cell• Diffusion– The movement of random particles down the
concentration gradient to achieve equilibrium• Osmosis– The movement of water to create equilibrium
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Diffusion• Facilitated Diffusion– Passive transport by proteins (no energy required)– Channel Proteins• Form channels to
allow specific molecules to flow through
– Carrier Proteins• Change shape to allow a
substance to pass through the membrane
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Diffusion
• Isotonic– The [solutes] and [water] inside and outside the
cell are the same• Hypotonic– the [solutes] outside the cell lower than inside the
cell. The [water] is higher outside the cell.• Hypertonic– The [solutes] outside the cell is higher than inside
the cell. The [water] is lower outside the cell
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Active Transport
• Movement of materials though a membrane AGAINST a concentration gradient– Requires energy from cell
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Transport of Large Molecules
• Endocytosis- the process by which a cell surrounds and takes in material from its environment.(engulfea)
• Exocytosis- the expulsion or secretion of materials from a cell.
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Cell Cycle
• The life cycle of a cell; events when the cell grows and divides
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Mitosis
• Interphase– When the cell grows and replicates its DNA and
centrioles
• Prophase– Chromatin condenses into chromosomes.
Centrioles separate, and a spindle forms. The nuclear envelope begins to break down
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Mitosis
• Metaphase– Chromosomes line up across the center of the cell.
Each one is connected to a spindle fiver at its centromere
• Anaphase– The sister chromatids separate into individual
chromosomes and are moved apart
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Mitosis
• Telophase– The chromosomes gather at opposite ends of the
cell, the chromosomes begin to loose their definite shape
• Cytokinesis– The cytoplasm pinches in half, each daughter cell
has an identical set of chromosomes
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Control of Cell Cycle
• Enzymes work to monitor a cells progress from phase to phase during the cell cycle
• Some enzymes work to replicate DNA, some begin cell division, and others control the rest of the cell cycle
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Cancer
• A mistake in the cell cycle• Cancer is the result of uncontrolled cell
division caused by genetic and environmental factors
• Uncontrolled cell division occurs when– Cells fail to produce certain enzymes– Enzymes are over produced– Enzymes are produced at the wrong time
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Stages of Cancer
• Cancer cells result from a change in one or more genes
• Form masses of tissue called tumors that deprive normal cells of nutrients
• Later cancer can enter the circulatory system and spread throughout the body
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Question 1
Passive transport is the movement of materials _________ the concentration gradient.
a. Throughb. Againstc. Downd. Up
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Question 2
Osmosis if the movement of ________ to create equilibrium.
a. Waterb. Particlesc. Moleculesd. Cells
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Question 3
What is the correct order of the cell cycle?
a. G1, G2, S, Mb. M, S, G1, G2c. S, G1, M, G2d. M, G1, S, G2
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Question 4
Which phase is this?
a. Metaphaseb. Anaphasec. Prophased. Telophase
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Question 5
Which type of transport requires energy?
a. Activeb. Passive
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Question 6
What is the first stage of mitosis?
a. Interphaseb. Prophasec. Anaphased. Cytokinesis
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Question 7
________ solution: the [solutes] outside the cell is lower than inside the cell.
a. Isotonicb. Hypertonicc. Hypotonic
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Question 8
What does [x] mean?
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Question 9
Cancer is the result of what?
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Question 10
What is one example of uncontrolled cell division?
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Answer Key1. C2. A3. D4. A5. A6. B7. C8. Concentration of x9. Uncontrolled cell division
10. Cells fail to produce certain enzymes/ enzymes are overproduced/ enzymes are produced at the wrong time