cell structure and function - loudoun county public schools · 2016. 11. 27. · cell structure and...
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Cell Structure and
Function
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Animal Cell
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Plant Cell
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Cells
• Smallest unit of life
• Most are microscopic
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Cell Membrane
• Surrounds cell and contains cell
contents
• Double layer of phospholipids &
proteins
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Cell Wall• Found in plants cell
• Surrounds cell membrane; gives
support and structure
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Cytoplasm
• Jelly-like substance that contains organelles
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Nucleus
• Control center of
cell
• Double membrane
• Contains DNA
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Helps move substances within cells
• Network of interconnected
membranes
• Two types
– Rough endoplasmic reticulum
(ribosomes are attached)
– Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (no
ribosomes)
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
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Vacuole
• Membrane bound storage sacs
• Plants cells have one large
vacuole, while animal cells have
many small ones
• Vacuoles can contain:
– Water
– Food
– waste
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Mitochondria
• Break down fuel molecules (from
photosynthesis)
• Release energy
– ATP (cellular respiration)
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Chloroplast
• Contains chlorophyll-a pigment that
captures energy from sunlight
• Uses the energy from sunlight and the
process of photosynthesis to create
food for plants
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Ribosome
• Found in the cytoplasm and on rough
Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Makes proteins for the cell using amino
acids
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Stop At This Point
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Principles of Cell Theory
• All living things are made of cells
• Smallest living unit is the cell
• All cells arise from preexisting
cells
(this principle discarded the idea of
spontaneous generation)
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Cell Types
• Prokaryotic
• Eukaryotic
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Prokaryotic Cells
• First cell type on earth
• Cell type of Bacteria and Archaea
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Prokaryotic Cells
• No membrane bound nucleus
• Nucleoid = region of DNA
concentration
• Organelles not bound by membranes
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Eukaryotic Cells• Nucleus bound by membrane
• Include fungi, protists, plant, and
animal cells
• Possess many organelles