Cell Review

Organelles!

Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote

• Prokaryote– simple, can’t carry out complex functions– Have DNA/RNA, ribosomes, cytoplasm, cell

membrane– Bacteria and some other single celled organisms

• Eukaryotes– Have organelles-especially a nucleus– Very complex! – Includes plant and animal cells

Cell Differentiation

• Different types of cells make up our body

Cytoplasm

• The goo between the organelles

Nucleus

• Contains DNA• DNA controls cellular function by containing

the code for the proteins• Nucleolus inside nucleus makes ribosomes • Surrounded by nuclear envelope

Ribosomes

• Use code from DNA to produce proteins• Contained either on Rough ER or floating in

cell

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

• AKA Rough ER• Transports newly synthesized proteins and

other materials around the cell • Studded with ribosomes

Vesicles

• Membrane bound sacs• Float around the cell carrying different

materials from place to place• Has the ability to bind with cell membrane to

allow things in and out of the cell

Mitochondria

• Uses glucose to produce a useable energy for the cell known as ATP

• This process is known as cellular respiration

Golgi Apparatus

• This organelle stores proteins until they are needed

• While the proteins are there, they may be modified before being packaged and shipped to their final destination (in a non-scary way)

Vacuoles

• Contain water, nutrients, waste, and ions for cellular use

Lysosomes

• Contain digestive enzymes• Break down unnecessary/unused parts of the

cell

PLANT CELLS

• Plant cells contain the features of the animal cell (minus the cilia and flagella)

• In addition they have: chloroplast, large central vacuole, and cell wall

Chloroplast

• Carries out photosynthesis • Contains the pigment chlorophyll which

absorbs the suns light

Cell Wall

• Plants have both! – Cell membrane controls what moves in and out of

the cell– Cell wall gives the plant cell rigidity and a strong

structure