CELL RESPIRATION

WARM UP• What is photosynthesis?• What is general equation for photosynthesis?• What are the 2 steps or phases of photosynthesis?

• What step is light independent?• Where do these steps occur?• What is produced in each step?

Cellular RespirationCellular respiration is a process that uses sugar to make chemical energy in the form of ATP

Why Care?• Needed in Exercise• Needed to make bread, beer, and rootbeer

• Cell Respiration occurs in all cells! • Including plant cells!

• General Equation for Cell Respiration

Where does Cell Respiration Happen?

General Steps of Cell Respiration

1. Glycolysis

2. Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex (PDC)

3. Citric Acid Cycle

4. Oxidative Phosphorylation or Electron Transport Chain

Glycolysis• Glycolysis is the breaking of sugar or glucose to produce

ATP and NADH• Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm and does not require

oxygen.• 2 Phases of Glycolysis

• Preparatory Phase• Energy Pay Off Phase

Glycolysis – Preparatory Phase• Preparatory Phase – 2 ATP molecules get used up to

break glucose into two G3P molecules.

Glycolysis – Energy Pay-off Phase• Energy Pay-off Phase – Each G3P molecule helps

produce 1 NADH and 2 ATP. G3P is modified into pyruvate

Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex• The PDC prepares pyruvate to enter the citric acid cycle

by changing pyruvate into Acetyl CoA• The PDC occurs in the cytoplasm.

Citric Acid Cycle aka Krebs Cycle• The citric acid cycle takes one Acetyl CoA molecule to

make 1 ATP, 3 NADH and 1FADH2.

• The citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria

Oxidative Phosphorylation aka Electron Transport Chain• Oxidative phosphorylation takes all the electron carriers

(NADH and FADH2) made in the previous steps to make ATP

• Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane

Oxidative Phosphorylation aka Electron Transport Chain• See White Board for Diagram

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KGjCm566-MY

Fermentation• Fermentation occurs when not all cells get enough oxygen

• 2 Types of Fermentation1. Lactic Acid

2. Alcohol Fermentation

Fermentation – Lactic Acid Lactic acid fermentation occurs in the cytoplasm of cells.

Fermentation – Alcohol

Alcohol fermentation occurs in the cytoplasm of some bacteria and yeasts that live in very oxygen limited areas

Fermentation• The main difference between alcohol and lactic acid

fermentation is the byproduct. • Lactic Acid Fermentation produces lactate• Alcohol Fermentation produces ethanol