cell phone based dtmf controlled garage door opening system.doc

8/19/2019 CELL PHONE BASED DTMF CONTROLLED GARAGE DOOR OPENING SYSTEM.doc

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CELL PHONE BASED DTMF

CONTROLLED GARAGE DOOR

OPENING SYSTEM

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CONTENTS

CHAPTER NO DESCRIPTION PAGE NO

1 ABSTRACT 4

2 INTRODUCTION 4

3 BLOCK DIAGRAM 5

4 BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION

4.1.MOBILE 6 4.2.DTMF DECODER 6 4.3.AT89S52 6 4.4 RELAY 6 4.5.RELAY DRIVER 7

5 COMPONENTS DETAILED E!PLANATION

5.1 MICROCONTROLLER 7

5.2 PO"ER SUPPLIES 31

5.3 DTMF 33

5.4 RELAY 34

6 PCB DESIGN

6.1 INTRODUCTION 35

6.2 MANUFACTURING 35

6.3 SOFT"ARE 35

6.4 PANELISATION 36

6.5 DRILLING 36

6.6 PLATING 36

6.7 ETC#ING 36

6.8 SOLDER MASK 36

6.9 #OT AIR LEVELING 36

SOFT"ARE

7 SOFT"ARE TOOLS

7.1 KEIL 37

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7.2 ASSEMBLING $ RUNNING 4%

AN 8%51

CHAPTER NO DESCRIPTION PAGE NO

1% ADVANTAGES 41

11 APPLICATIONS 41

12 CONCLUSION 41

13 BIBLIOGRAP#Y 42

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1. ABSTRACT

T&' ()*+ ,-'/0*' , 0&* ,'/0 * 0, +,/ ) ))' :,, -; ) (,-*' &,+'

*+ ) +* 0&'+ 0&' (*/,/,+0,'

*+*0*)0' ) ('/&)+*( 0, ,'+ 0&' :,, 0&,& ) (,0, :*' *+0')/'.

F0&' 0&* ,'/0 /)+ -' *+/,,)0': =*0& )+ EEPROM *.'.> ) +,+,)0*'

('(,; , 0&)0 0&' )=,: /)+ -' /&)+': -; 0&' ,=+'.

2. Introduction:

N,=):); )0,()0*,+ * );*+ )+ *(,0)+0 ,' *+ ')/& )+: ''; *': /&

) *+:0*)> &,('> ) )+: )*/0) )'). U); =' ': 0, /,+0, 0&'

*+:0*) ' =&*/& *+/')' 0&' &()+ ',0 )+:

()*+0'+)+/' /,0. I+ ,:' 0, ,'/,(' 0&* ,-'(> 0&' ;0'( * :'*+': 0, /,+0,:'*/' )0 '(,0' )/'.

I+ 0&' ''+0 =,: , =*'' 0'/&+,,; '';0&*+ * ,*+ 0, -' :**0) )+:

=*''> )+: 0&' /' &,+' * 0&' '; );' *+ =*'' 0'/&+,,; 0,:);.

A+: 0,:); 0'/&+,,; ():' 0&' ,'*+ , ) (,-*'> /,+*:'': ) ) -)*/

/,((,:*0;.

A+: 0&' 0'+: *+ =*'' 0'/&+,,; /&)+*+ :);-;:); )+: 0,:); 0&'

=,*+ * ,*+ ,+ &,= 0, :'', '(,0' :'*/' =*0&,0 0&' ''+/' , ()+ )+:

0, ':/' 0, 0&' 0*(' )/0, )+: )-,> )+: , ,'/0 -',+ 0, 0&)0 )/' )+: -; *+

*0 =' /)+ /,+0, )+; ''/0,+*/ :'*/' 0&,& ) 0,/& /' &,+'> =*0& ,+' C).

F, 0&* *0 ' 0&' 0'/&+,,; /)': DTMF =&*/& * +,=+ ) D) 0,+'

(0*' '


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,= /,0. I0 /)+ -' *('('+0': , ) )*'0; , *+:0*) )*/)0*,+.

I+ 0&* (,-*' DTMF 0'/&+* *+/:*+ /,(0' '*&')>

-*+' ()/&*+'> (,0*,+ /,+0,> )+: ,-,0*/> =&*/& )'> *+/:': *+ ,/'

/,+0, )+: ()/&*+' 0,, )*/)0*,+. T&' )0,()0*,+ ;0'( * :'*+': -; ''*+

*+ (*+: 0&)0 *0 &,: -' ' *'+:; )+: *0 &,: -' ,*-' 0, ,')0' *0 ,(

)+;=&'' *+ 0&' =,:. T&* ;0'( * :'*+': *+ /& ) =); 0, ':/' 0&' =**+

/,('*0; )+: ()+,='. T& 0&' ;0'( ,*:' )+ '/''+0 &,: ) '

*+:0*) (,0*,+ /,+0, ;0'(.

.B!oc" di#$r#%:

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&.B!oc" di#$r#% '()!#n#tion:

&.1.Mo*i!':

#'' 0&* (,-*' * 0 *+ ) )0, )+=' (,:'. T&* (,-*' ):*, *+) * ': *+

0, 0&' :'/,:' *) &'):'0. T&* (,-*' * ': 0, '': 0&' DTMF *+0 0, 0&' :'/,:'.

&.2.DTMF d'cod'r:

D)0,+' (0*' &*&',()+/' CMOS 8-*0 (*/,/,(0' =*0&

4K

-;0' , F)& ,)(()-' )+: '))-' '): ,+; ('(,; @PEROM. T&' :'*/'

* ()+)/0': *+ A0(' &*&:'+*0; +,+,)0*' ('(,; 0'/&+,,; )+: *

/,()0*-' =*0& 0&' *+:0;0)+:): MCS51 *+0/0*,+ '0 )+: *+,0. T&' ,+/&*

F)& ),= 0&' ,)( ('(,; 0, -' ',)((': *+;0'( , -; ) /,+'+0*,+)

+,+,)0*' ('(,; ,)(('. B; /,(-*+*+ ) ')0*' 8-*0 CPU =*0& F)&

,+ ) (,+,*0&*/ /&*> 0&' A0(' AT89S52 * ) ,=' (*/,/,(0' =&*/& ,*:') &*&;'*-' )+: /,0''/0*' ,0*,+ 0, ()+; '(-'::': /,+0, )*/)0*,+.

#'' 0&' /,+0,' '0 0&' -*+); ,00 ,( 0&' DTMF :'/,:'. T&'+

/,()' =*0& 0&' ':'*+': /,:' *+ 0&' ,)( )+: 0+ ON , OFF 0&'

/,',+:*+ '); :''+:*+ ,+ 0&' '/'*': *+0 ,( 0&' :'/,:'.

&.& R'!#:

A '); * )+ ''/0*/); ,')0': =*0/&. M)+; '); ' )+ ''/0,()+'0 0,

,')0' ) =*0/&*+ ('/&)+*( ('/&)+*/);> -0 ,0&' ,')0*+ *+/*' )' ),

':. R'); )' ': =&'' *0 * +'/'); 0, /,+0, ) /*/*0 -; ) ,=,=' *+)

@=*0& /,('0' ''/0*/) *,)0*,+ -'0=''+ /,+0, )+: /,+0,': /*/*0> , =&''

'') /*/*0 (0 -' /,+0,': -; ,+' *+).

#'' 0&' '); * ': 0, 0+ ON 0&' (,0, , ()/&*+' , )+; ,0&' &*& ,='

''/0*/) )*)+/' =&*/& /)++,0 -' 0+': ON -; 0&' (*/,/,+0,'. S*+/' 0&'

,00 , 0&' (*/,/,+0,' * , % , ,*/% )+: 5 , ,*/1.T&* ,00 * +,0

' , :**+ )' ,=' /,+(*+ :'*/' =&*/& (); -' AC , DC.

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&.-.R'!# dri/'r:

A R'); :*' * )+ I+0')0': C*/*0 @IC /&* =*0& ) #*& V,0)'?#*&

C'+0 D)*+0,+ T)+*0, A);. I0 ),= ;, 0, *+0')/' TTL *+) =*0& &*&'

,0)'?/'+0 ,):. I0 (')+ 0&' /&* 0)' ,= '' *+) @TLL> CMOS> PMOS>

NMOS =&*/& ,')0' )0 ,= ,0)' )+: ,= /'+0 )+: )/0 ) ) '); , ,0

*0'> =*0/&*+ ,+ , , ) &*&' '' *+) ,+ 0&' ,,*0' *:'.

A TTL *+) ,')0' ,( %5V> =*0& '';0&*+ -'0=''+ %.% )+: %.8V

/,+*:'': ,= , ,> )+: 2.2 0, 5.%V -'*+ /,+*:'': &*& , ,+. T&' ()*((

,=' ))*)-' ,+ ) TTL *+) :''+: ,+ 0&' 0;'> -0 '+'); :,' +,0 '/'':

25(" @5(A 5V> , *0 * +,0 ' , ,*:*+ ,=' 0, ,('0&*+ *' ) ');

/,*. C,(0' )+: ,0&' ''/0,+*/ :'*/' ' , *0 /)+ ,')0' ()

,): :*'/0;. A0'+)0*';> *0 * ' 0&' '); :*' ' 0&' ,= '' @TTL *+) 0,=*0/& ,+?0+ , 0&' &*&' ,0)'?/'+0 *+) ,+ 0&' ,00 *:'.

- COMPONENTS0 DETAILED EPLANATION

-.1 MICROCONTROLLER

A (*/,/,+0,' @), MCU , HC * ) +/0*,+) /,(0' ;0'(,+)/&*.

I0 /,+0)*+ ) ,/', /,'> ('(,;> )+: ,)(()-' *+0?,00 '*&').

M*/,/,+0,' *+/:' )+ *+0')0': CPU> ('(,; @) () )(,+0 , RAM> ,)(('(,;> , -,0& )+: '*&') /))-' , *+0 )+: ,00. M*/,/,+0,' )' ':

*+ )0,()0*/); /,+0,': ,:/0 )+: :'*/'.

BASICS:

A :'*+' =* ' ) M*/,/,+0,' 0,

• G)0&' *+0 ,( )*, '+,

• P,/' 0&* *+0 *+0, ) '0 , )/0*,+

• U' 0&' ,00 ('/&)+*( ,+ 0&' M*/,/,+0,' 0, :, ,('0&*+ '.

MEMORY TYPES:RAM:

R)+:,( )//' ('(,;.

R)( * ) ,)0*' @/&)+' ('(,;.

I0 '+') ,' ('(,; 0&)0 /)+ 0,' :)0) , ,)(.

E &): :*> USB :'*/'.

7

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_circuithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Input/outputhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_circuithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Input/output


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ROM:

R'): ,+; ('(,;.

R,( * ) +,+ ,)0*' ('(,;.

T&* * 0;*/); 0&)0 * ,)((': )0 0&' )/0,; 0, &)' /'0)*+ )' *0 /)++,0

-' /&)+':. E /:...

ARCHITECTRE OF AT+,S-2

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+3-1 Arc4it'ctur':

8%51 A/&*0'/0' /,+0)*+ 0&' ,,=*+

• CPU

• ALU

•

I?O ,0• RAM

• ROM

• 2 T*('?C,+0'

• G'+') P,' '*0'

• S'/*) F+/0*,+ '*0'

• C;0) O/*)0,

• S'*) ,0

• I+0'0

• PS"

• P,)( C,+0'

• S0)/ ,*+0'

+3-1 Addr'55in$ Mod'5

A+ )::'*+ (,:' '' 0, &,= ;, )' )::'*+ ) *'+ ('(,; ,/)0*,+. I+

(();> 0&' )::'*+ (,:' )' ) ,,=> =*0& )+ ')(' , ')/&

I%%'di#t' Addr'55in$ MOV A>J2%&Dir'ct Addr'55in$ MOV A>3%&

Indir'ct Addr'55in$ MOV A>R%

E(t'rn#! Dir'ct MOV! A>DPTR

Cod' Indir'ct MOVC A>ADPTR

E)/& , 0&'' )::'*+ (,:' ,*:' *(,0)+0 '*-**0;.

I%%'di#t' Addr'55in$

I((':*)0' )::'*+ * ,+)(': -'/)' 0&' )' 0, -' 0,': *+ ('(,; *((':*)0';,,= 0&' ,')0*,+ /,:' *+ ('(,;. T&)0 * 0, );> 0&' *+0/0*,+ *0' :*/0)0' =&)0

)' =* -' 0,': *+ ('(,;.

F, ')('> 0&' *+0/0*,+

MO6 A78234

9


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T&* *+0/0*,+ ' I((':*)0' A::'*+ -'/)' 0&' A//()0, =* -' ,):': =*0&

0&' )' 0&)0 *((':*)0'; ,,= *+ 0&* /)' 2% @&'*:'/*().

I((':*)0' )::'*+ * '; )0 *+/' 0&' )' 0, -' ,):': * *+/:': *+ 0&'

*+0/0*,+. #,=''> *+/' 0&' )' 0, -' ,):': * *': )0 /,(*'0*(' *0 * +,0 ';

'*-'.

Dir'ct Addr'55in$

D*'/0 )::'*+ * ,+)(': -'/)' 0&' )' 0, -' 0,': *+ ('(,; * ,-0)*+': -;

:*'/0; '0*'*+ *0 ,( )+,0&' ('(,; ,/)0*,+. F, ')('

MO6 A734

T&* *+0/0*,+ =* '): 0&' :)0) ,0 , I+0'+) RAM )::' 3% @&'*:'/*() )+:

0,' *0 *+ 0&' A//()0,.

D*'/0 )::'*+ * '+'); )0 *+/'> )0&,& 0&' )' 0, -' ,):': *+0 *+/:': *+

0&' *+0/0*,+> *0 * *0 * *(,0)+0 0, +,0' 0&)0 =&'+ *+ :*'/0 )::'*+ )+; *+0/0*,+ =&*/&

'' 0, )+ )::' -'0=''+ %%& )+: 7F& * ''*+ 0, I+0'+) M'(,;. A+; *+0/0*,+

=&*/& '' 0, )+ )::' -'0=''+ 8%& )+: FF& * ''*+ 0, 0&' SFR /,+0, '*0'

0&)0 /,+0, 0&' 8%51 (*/,/,+0,' *0'.

T&' ,-*, I :*'/0 )::'*+ )+ )::' ,( 8%& 0&,&

FF& '' 0, SFR> &,= /)+ I )//' 0&' ' 128 -;0' , I+0'+) RAM 0&)0 )'

))*)-' ,+ 0&' 8%52 T&' )+=' * Y, /)+0 )//' 0&'( *+ :*'/0 )::'*+. A

0)0':> * ;, :*'/0; '' 0, )+ )::' , 8%& 0&,& FF& ;, =* -' ''*+ 0, )+

SFR. #,=''> ;, (); )//' 0&' 8%52 ' 128 -;0' , RAM -; *+ 0&' +'0

)::'*+ (,:'> *+:*'/0 )::'*+.

Indir'ct Addr'55in$

I+:*'/0 )::'*+ * ) '; ,=' )::'*+ (,:' =&*/& *+ ()+; /)' ,*:' )+

'/'0*,+) '' , '*-**0;. I+:*'/0 )::'*+ * ), 0&' ,+; =); 0, )//' 0&' '0)

128 -;0' , I+0'+) RAM ,+: ,+ )+ 8%52.

I+:*'/0 )::'*+ )') ) ,,=

MO6 A79R3

1%


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T&* *+0/0*,+ /)' 0&' 8%51 0, )+);' 0&' )' , 0&' R% '*0'. T&' 8%51 =*

0&'+ ,): 0&' )//()0, =*0& 0&' )' ,( I+0'+) RAM =&*/& * ,+: )0 0&'

)::' *+:*/)0': -; R%.

F, ')('> '0 ); R% &,: 0&' )' 4%& )+: I+0'+) RAM )::' 4%& &,: 0&'

)' 67&. "&'+ 0&' )-,' *+0/0*,+ * ''/0': 0&' 8%51 =* /&'/ 0&' )' , R%.

S*+/' R% &,: 4%& 0&' 8%51 =* '0 0&' )' ,0 , I+0'+) RAM )::' 4%& @=&*/&

&,: 67& )+: 0,' *0 *+ 0&' A//()0,. T&> 0&' A//()0, '+: &,:*+ 67&.

I+:*'/0 )::'*+ )=); '' 0, I+0'+) RAM *0 +'' '' 0, )+ SFR. T&> *+ )

*, ')(' =' ('+0*,+': 0&)0 SFR 99& /)+ -' ': 0, =*0' ) )' 0, 0&' '*) ,0.

T& ,+' (); 0&*+ 0&)0 0&' ,,=*+ =,: -' ) )*: ,0*,+ 0, =*0' 0&' )' 1 0,

0&' '*) ,0

MO6 R378,,4 L,): 0&' )::' , 0&' '*) ,0

MO6 9R378314 S'+: %1 0, 0&' '*) ,0 "RONG

T&* * +,0 )*:. S*+/' *+:*'/0 )::'*+ )=); '' 0, I+0'+) RAM 0&'' 0=,

*+0/0*,+ =,: =*0' 0&' )' %1& 0, I+0'+) RAM )::' 99& ,+ )+ 8%52. O+ )+

8%51 0&'' 0=, *+0/0*,+ =,: ,:/' )+ +:'*+': '0 *+/' 0&' 8%51 ,+; &)

128 -;0' , I+0'+) RAM.

E(t'rn#! Dir'ct

E0'+) M'(,; * )//'': *+ ) *0' , *+0/0*,+ =&*/& ' =&)0 I /) E0'+)

D*'/0 )::'*+. I /) *0 0&* -'/)' *0 )') 0, -' :*'/0 )::'*+> -0 *0 * ': 0,

)//' '0'+) ('(,; )0&' 0&)+ *+0'+) ('(,;.

T&'' )' ,+; 0=, /,(()+: 0&)0 ' E0'+) D*'/0 )::'*+ (,:'

MO6A79DPTR

MO6 9DPTR7A

A ;, /)+ ''> -,0& /,(()+: 0**' DPTR. I+ 0&'' *+0/0*,+> DPTR (0 *0 -'

,):': =*0& 0&' )::' , '0'+) ('(,; 0&)0 ;, =*& 0, '): , =*0'. O+/' DPTR

&,: 0&' /,'/0 '0'+) ('(,; )::'> 0&' *0 /,(()+: =* (,' 0&' /,+0'+0 ,

0&)0 '0'+) ('(,; )::' *+0, 0&' A//()0,. T&' '/,+: /,(()+: =* :, 0&',,*0' *0 =* ),= ;, 0, =*0' 0&' )' , 0&' A//()0, 0, 0&' '0'+) ('(,;

)::' ,*+0': 0, -; DPTR.

E(t'rn#! Indir'ct

E0'+) ('(,; /)+ ), -' )//'': *+ ) ,( , *+:*'/0 )::'*+ =&*/& I /)

E0'+) I+:*'/0 )::'*+. T&* ,( , )::'*+ * ); ,+; ': *+ ')0*';

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() ,'/0 0&)0 &)' ) '; () )(,+0 , '0'+) RAM. A+ ')(' , 0&*

)::'*+ (,:' *

MO6 9R37A

O+/' ))*+> 0&' )' , R% * *0 '): )+: 0&' )' , 0&' A//()0, * =*00'+ 0,

0&)0 )::' *+ E0'+) RAM. S*+/' 0&' )' , R% /)+ ,+; -' %%& 0&,& FF& 0&'

,'/0 =,: ''/0*'; -' *(*0': 0, 256 -;0' , E0'+) RAM. T&'' )' ')0*';

*(' &):=)'?,0=)' 0*/ 0&)0 /)+ -' *('('+0': 0, )//' (,' 0&)+ 256 -;0'

, ('(,; *+ E0'+) I+:*'/0 )::'*+ &,=''> *0 * ); ')*' 0, '

E0'+) D*'/0 )::'*+ * ;, ,'/0 &) (,' 0&)+ 256 -;0' , E0'+) RAM.

+3-1 Pro$r#% F!o

"&'+ )+ 8%51 * *0 *+*0*)*':> *0 ''0 0&' PC 0, %%%%&. T&' 8%51 0&'+ -'*+ 0,

''/0' *+0/0*,+ ' )+: '0+

,( -,0*+'. A::*0*,+);> *+0'0> =&'+ '+)-':> /)+ /)' 0&' ,)( ,= 0,

:'*)0' ,( *0 ,0&'=*' ' ) )>=*0& 0&' NOP *+0/0*,+ =&*/& ,,=.

C,+:*0*,+) -)+/&*+ * '); 0&' +:)('+0) -*:*+ -,/ , ,)( ,*/ *+/' )

:'/**,+ )' )//,(*&': -; *+ /,+:*0*,+) -)+/&*+. C,+:*0*,+) -)+/&*+ /)+

-' 0&,&0 , ) 0&' IF...T#EN 0/0' *+ 8%51 )'(-; )+)'.

12


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A+ *(,0)+0 +,0' =,0& ('+0*,+*+ )-,0 /,+:*0*,+) -)+/&*+ * 0&)0 0&' ,)( ();

,+; -)+/& 0, *+0/0*,+ ,/)0': =*0&*( 128 -;0' *, 0, , 127 -;0' ,,=*+ 0&'

)::' =&*/& ,,= 0&' /,+:*0*,+) -)+/& *+0/0*,+. T&* (')+ 0&)0 *+ 0&' )-,'

')(' 0&' )-' #ELLO (0 -' =*0&*+ ? 128 -;0' , 0&' ('(,; )::' =&*/&

/,+0)*+ 0&' /,+:*0*,+) -)+/&*+ *+0/0*,+.

Dir'ct ;u%)5

"&*' /,+:*0*,+) -)+/&*+ * '0'('; *(,0)+0> *0 * ,0'+ +'/'); 0, ()' ) :*'/0

-)+/& 0, ) *'+ ('(,; ,/)0*,+ =*0&,0 -)*+ *0 ,+ ) *'+ ,*/) :'/**,+. T&* *

' 0&'' )' 0=, ,0&' *+0/0*,+ =&*/&

/)' ) :*'/0 ( 0, ,// 0&' SQMP )+: AQMP /,(()+:. F+/0*,+);> 0&'' 0=,

/,(()+: ',( 0&' ')/0 )(' +/0*,+ ) 0&' LQMP /,(()+:0&)0 * 0, );> 0&';

)=); /)' ,)( ,= 0, /,+0*+' )0 0&' )::' *+:*/)0': -; 0&' /,(()+:.

#,=''> SQMP )+: AQMP :*' *+ 0&' ,,=*+ =);

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• T&' SQMP /,(()+:> *' 0&' /,+:*0*,+) -)+/&*+ *+0/0*,+> /)+ ,+; ( 0,

)+ )::' =*0&*+ ? 128 -;0' , 0&' SQMP /,(()+:.

• T&' AQMP /,(()+: /)+ ,+; ( 0, )+ )::' 0&)0 * *+ 0&' )(' 2 -,/ ,

('(,; ) 0&' AQMP /,(()+:. T&)0 * 0, );> * 0&' AQMP /,(()+: * )0 /,:'

('(,; ,/)0*,+ 65%&> *0 /)+ ,+; :, ) ( 0, )::'' %%%%& 0&,& %7FF&

@% 0&,& 2%47> :'/*().

Y, (); -' )*+ ;,'> "&; =,: I =)+0 0, ' 0&' SQMP , AQMP /,(()+:

=&*/& &)' '0*/0*,+ ) 0, &,= ) 0&'; /)+ ( * 0&'; :, 0&' )(' 0&*+ ) 0&'

LQMP /,(()+: =&*/& /)+ ( )+;=&'' *+ ('(,; T&' )+=' * *(' T&'

LQMP /,(()+: ' =*0&,0 /&)+*+ )+; ,*/ =&)0,'' *+

(; ,)( I )': 15% -;0' )+: =) )-' 0, (''0 (; 2%48 -;0' ('(,; '0*/0*,+.

NOTE S,('


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T&' RET *+0/0*,+> =&'+ ''/0':> '0+ 0, 0&' )::' ,,=*+ 0&' *+0/0*,+ 0&)0

/)': 0&' *'+ -,0*+'. M,' )//)0';> *0 '0+ 0, 0&' )::' 0&)0 * 0,': ,+ 0&'

0)/.

T&' RET /,(()+: * :*'/0 *+ 0&' '+' 0&)0 *0 )=); /&)+' ,)( ,= =*0&,0

-)*+ *0 ,+ ) /,+:*0*,+> -0 * )*)-' *+ 0&' '+' 0&)0 =&'' ,)( ,= /,+0*+'

/)+ -' :*''+0 ')/& 0*(' 0&' RET *+0/0*,+ * ''/0': :''+:*+ ,+ ,( =&'' 0&'

-,0*+' =) /)': ,**+);.

Int'rru)t5

A+ *+0'0 * ) '/*) ')0' =&*/& ),= 0&' 8%51 0, ,*:' 0&' **,+ , (0*

0)*+> )0&,& *+ ')*0; 0&' 8%51 * ,+; :,*+ ,+' 0&*+ )0 ) 0*('. T&' =,:

*+0'0 /)+ ,0'+ -' -*00': =*0& 0&' =,: ''+0.

A+ *+0'0 * 0*'': =&'+'' ) /,',+:*+ ''+0 ,//. "&'+ 0&' ''+0 ,//>

0&' 8%51 0'(,)*; 0 ,+ &,: 0&' +,() ''/0*,+ , 0&' ,)( )+: ''/0' )

'/*) '/0*,+ , /,:' ''': 0, ) )+ *+0'0 &)+:'. T&' *+0'0 &)+:' ',(

=&)0'' '/*) +/0*,+ )' ' )+ '+0*'

/&)0' =* -' :':*/)0': 0, 0&' 0,*/. F, +,=> */' *0 0, ); 0&)0 I+0'0 /)+ /)'

,)( ,= 0, /&)+'.

+3-1 Tutori#!: In5truction S't7 Ti%in$7 #nd Lo?L'/'! In>o

I+ ,:' 0, +:'0)+:)+: -'00' ()' ' ,0&' 8%51> *0 * +'/'); 0, +:'0)+:

,(' +:';*+ *+,()0*,+ /,+/'+*+ 0*(*+.

T&' 8%51 ,')0' -)': ,+ )+ '0'+) /;0). T&* * )+ ''/0*/) :'*/' =&*/&> =&'+

'+'; * )*':> '(*0 ' )0 ) *': '


16/42

E'/0*';> 0&' 8%51 ,')0' *+ =&)0 )' /)': ()/&*+' /;/'. A *+' ()/&*+'

/;/' * 0&' (*+*(( )(,+0 , 0*(' *+ =&*/& ) *+' 8%51 *+0/0*,+ /)+ -' ''/0':.

)0&,& ()+; *+0/0*,+ 0)' (0*' /;/'.

A /;/' *> *+ ')*0;> 12 ' , 0&' /;0). T&)0 * 0, );> * )+ *+0/0*,+ 0)' ,+'

()/&*+' /;/' 0, ''/0'> *0 =* 0)' 12 ' , 0&' /;0) 0, ''/0'. S*+/' =' +,=

0&' /;0) * *+ 11>%59>%%% 0*(' ' '/,+: )+: 0&)0 ,+' ()/&*+' /;/' * 12

'> =' /)+ /)/)0' &,= ()+; *+0/0*,+ /;/' 0&' 8%51 /)+ ''/0' ' '/,+:

11>%59>%%% ? 12 921>583

T&* (')+ 0&)0 0&' 8%51 /)+ ''/0' 921>583 *+'/;/' *+0/0*,+ ' '/,+:. S*+/'

) )' +(-' , 8%51 *+0/0*,+ )' *+'/;/' *+0/0*,+ *0 * ,0'+ /,+*:'':

0&)0 0&' 8%51 /)+ ''/0' ,&; 1 (**,+ *+0/0*,+ ' '/,+:> )0&,& *+ ')*0; *0

* ')+:> :''+:*+ ,+ 0&' *+0/0*,+ -'*+ ':> )+ '0*()0' , )-,0 6%%>%%%

*+0/0*,+ ' '/,+: * (,' ')*0*/.

F, ')('> * ;, )' *+ '/*'; 2/;/' *+0/0*,+ ;, =,: *+: 0&)0 0&'

8%51 =,: ''/0' 46%>791 *+0/0*,+ ' '/,+:. T&' 8%51 ), &) 0=, '); ,=

*+0/0*,+ 0&)0 '395 *+0/0*,+ ' '/,+:.

I0 * ))*+ *(,0)+0 0, '(&)*' 0&)0 +,0 ) *+0/0*,+ ''/0' *+ 0&' )(' )(,+0 ,

0*('. T&' )0'0 *+0/0*,+ ' ()+;

,0*(*': '*,+ , 0&' 8%51 ''/0' *+0/0*,+ *+ 4 ,/*)0, /;/' *+0'): , 12

/& ) /&* =,: -' ''/0*'; 3 0*(' )0' 0&)+ 0&' 8%51 =&'+ ': =*0& 0&' )('

11.%59 M& /;0).

S*+/' ) 0&' *+0/0*,+ ' 0&' 8%51 *+/:' 0*(' =&*/& ),= 0, 0*(' ''+0 =*0& &*& '/**,+

=&*/& * 0&' 0,*/ , 0&' +'0 /&)0'.

16


17/42

+3-1 Ti%'r5

T&' 8%51 /,(' ' -,0& , =&*/& (); -' /,+0,':> '0> '):>

)+: /,+*': *+:**:);. T&' 8%51 0*(' &)' 0&'' '+') +/0*,+ 1 K''*+

0*(' )+:?, /)/)0*+ 0&' )(,+0 , 0*(' -'0=''+ ''+0> 2 C,+0*+ 0&' ''+0

0&'(''> , 3 G'+')0*+ -): )0' , 0&' '*) ,0.

T&' 0&'' 0*(' ' )' :*0*+/0 , =' =* 0) )-,0 ')/& , 0&'( '))0';. T&' *0

0=, ' =* -' :*/': *+ 0&* /&)0' =&*' 0&' ' , 0*(' , -): )0' '+')0*,+

=* -' :*/': *+ 0&' /&)0' ')0*+ 0, '*) ,0.

Ho do'5 # ti%'r count@

#,= :,' ) 0*(' /,+0 T&' )+=' 0, 0&* , )

-): )0' '+')0, A 0*(' * )=); *+/'('+0': -; 0&' (*/,/,+0,'.

Pro$r#%%in$ Ti): S,(' :'*)0*' /&* )/0); ),= 0&' ,)( 0,

/,+*' =&'0&' 0&' 0*(' /,+0 , :,=+. #,=''> *+/' 0&* ,0*,+ ,+;

'*0 ,+ ,(' :'*)0*' *0 * -';,+: 0&' /,' , 0&* 00,*) =&*/& * )*(': )0

0&' 0)+:): 8%51. I0 * ,+; ('+0*,+': &'' *+ 0&' ''+0 0&)0 ;, )-,0'; +'':

) 0*(' 0, /,+0 -)/=):> ;, =* +,= 0&)0 ;, (); -' )-' 0, *+: )+ 8%51

/,()0*-' (*/,/,+0,' 0&)0 :,' *0.

SING TIMERS TO MEASRE TIME

O-*,;> ,+' , 0&' *(); ' , 0*(' * 0, (')' 0*('. "' =* :*/ 0&* '

, 0*(' *0 )+: =* -' *0 =* *+/'('+0 -; 1 ''; ()/&*+'

/;/'. A ;, =* '/) ,( 0&' '*, /&)0'> ) *+' ()/&*+' /;/' /,+*0 , 12/;0) '. T& ) ++*+ 0*(' =* -' *+/'('+0':

11>%59>%%% ? 12 921>583

921>583 0*(' ' '/,+:. U+*' *+0/0*,+,(' , =&*/& ' )+: ,0&' 40&' 0*(' )' /,+*0'+0 T&'; =* )=); -' *+/'('+0': ,+/'

' ()/&*+' /;/'. T& * ) 0*(' &) /,+0': ,( % 0, 5%>%%% ;, (); /)/)0'

17


18/42

5%>%%% ? 921>583 .%542

.%542 '/,+: &)' )':. I+ )*+ E+*&> )-,0 &) , ) 0'+0& , ) '/,+:> , ,+'

0='+0*'0& , ) '/,+:.

O-*,; *0 +,0 '; ' 0, +,= .%542 '/,+: &)' )':. I ;, =)+0 0, ''/0'

)+ ''+0 ,+/' ' '/,+: ;,: &)' 0, =)*0 , 0&' 0*(' 0, /,+0 ,( % 0, 5%>%%% 18.45

0*('. #,= /)+ ;, =)*0 &) , ) 0*(' Y, /)+0. S, =' /,(' 0, )+,0&' *(,0)+0

/)/)0*,+.

L'0 ); =' =)+0 0, +,= &,= ()+; 0*(' 0&' 0*(' =* -' *+/'('+0': *+ .%5 '/,+:.

"' /)+ :, *(' (0**/)0*,+ .%5 921>583 46>%79.15.

T&* 0' 0&)0 *0 =* 0)' .%5 '/,+: @1?2%0& , ) '/,+: 0, /,+0 ,( % 0, 46>%79.

A/0);> *0 =* 0)' *0 .%49999837 '/,+:, ='' , -; .%%%%%%163 '/,+:

&,=''> 0&)0 /,' '+,& , ,'+('+0 =,. C,+*:' 0&)0 * ;, ='' -*:*+ )

=)0/& -)': ,+ 0&' 8%51 )+: ():' 0&' )-,' )(0*,+ ;, =)0/& =,: ,+; )*+

)-,0 ,+' '/,+: ''; 2 (,+0&. A)*+> I 0&*+ 0&)0 )//)0' '+,& , (,0

)*/)0*,+I =*& (; =)0/& ,+; )*+': ,+' '/,+: ''; 0=, (,+0&

O-*,;> 0&* * ) *00' (,' '. I ;, +,= *0 0)' 1?2%0& , ) '/,+: 0, /,+0

,( % 0, 46>%79 )+: ;, =)+0 0, ''/0' ,(' ''+0 ''; '/,+: ;, *(; =)*0 ,

0&' 0*(' 0, /,+0 ,( % 0, 46>%79 0='+0; 0*(' 0&'+ ;, ''/0' ;, ''+0> ''0 0&'

0*('> )+: =)*0 , 0&' 0*(' 0, /,+0 )+,0&' 2% 0*('. I+ 0&* ()++' ;, =*

''/0*'; ''/0' ;, ''+0 ,+/' ' '/,+:> )//)0' 0, =*0&*+ 0&,)+:0& , )

'/,+:.

T&> =' +,= &)' ) ;0'( =*0& =&*/& 0, (')' 0*('. A =' +'': 0, '*'= * &,=

0, /,+0, 0&' 0*(' )+: *+*0*)*' 0&'( 0, ,*:' =*0& 0&' *+,()0*,+ =' +'':.

Ti%'r SFR5

A ('+0*,+': -','> 0&' 8%51 &) 0=, 0*(' =&*/& ')/& +/0*,+ ''+0*); 0&' )('

=);. O+' 0*(' * TIMER% )+: 0&' ,0&' * TIMER1. T&' 0=, 0*(' &)' 0=, SFR

@TMOD )+: TCON =&*/& /,+0, 0&' 0*('> )+: ')/& 0*(' ), &) 0=, SFR

:':*/)0': ,'; 0, *0' @T#%?TL% )+: T#1?TL1.

"'' *'+ SFR +)(' 0, ()' *0 ')*' 0, '' 0, 0&'(> -0 *+ ')*0; )+ SFR &) )

+('*/ )::'. I0 * ,0'+ ' 0, +,= 0&' +('*/ )::' 0&)0 /,',+: 0, )+

SFR +)('.

18


19/42

T&' SFR ')0*+ 0, 0*(' )'

SFR N#%' D'5cri)tion SFR Addr'55

T#% T*(' % #*& B;0' 8C&

TL% T*(' % L,= B;0' 8A&T#1 T*(' 1 #*& B;0' 8D&

TL1 T*(' 1 L,= B;0' 8B&

TCON T*(' C,+0, 88&

TMOD T*(' M,:' 89&

"&'+ ;, '+0' 0&' +)(' , )+ SFR *+0, )+ )'(-'> *0 *+0'+); /,+'0 *0 0, )

+(-'. F, ')('> 0&' /,(()+:

MOV T#%>J25&(,' 0&' )' 25& *+0, 0&' T#% SFR. #,=''> *+/' T#% * 0&' )(' ) SFR )::'

8C& 0&* /,(()+: * ' ;, (); 0 0&*+ , 0&* ) 0&' &*& )+: ,=

-;0' , 0&' 0*('. T&)0 * 0, );> =&'+ T*(' % &) ) )' , %> -,0& T#% )+: TL% =*

/,+0)*+ %. "&'+ T*(' % &) 0&' )' 1%%%> T#% =* &,: 0&' &*& -;0' , 0&' )' @3

:'/*() )+: TL% =* /,+0)*+ 0&' ,= -;0' , 0&' )' @232 :'/*().

R'*'=*+ ,=?&*& -;0' +,0)0*,+> '/) 0&)0 ;, (0 (0*; 0&' &*& -;0' -; 256 )+:

):: 0&' ,= -;0' 0, /)/)0' 0&' *+) )'. T&)0 * 0, );

T#% 256 TL% 1%%%

3 256 232 1%%%

T*(' 1 =, 0&' ')/0 )(' =);> -0 *0 SFR )' T#1 )+: TL1. S*+/' 0&'' )' ,+;

0=, -;0' :',0': 0, 0&' )' , ')/& 0*(' *0 * ))'+0 0&)0 0&' ()*(( )' )

0*(' (); &)' * 65>535. I ) 0*(' /,+0)*+ 0&' )' 65>535 )+: * -' *0 =* ''0, overflow-)/ 0, %.

T4' TMOD SFR

19


20/42

L'0 *0 0) )-,0 , *0 /,+0, SFR TMOD @T*(' M,:'. T&' TMOD SFR *

': 0, /,+0, 0&' (,:' , ,')0*,+ , -,0& 0*('. E)/& -*0 , 0&' SFR *' 0&'

(*/,/,+0,' '/**/ *+,()0*,+ /,+/'+*+ &,= 0, + ) 0*('. T&' &*& , -*0

@-*0 4 0&,& 7 ')0' 0, T*(' 1 =&'') 0&' ,= , -*0 @-*0 % 0&,& 3 ',(

0&' ')/0 )(' +/0*,+> -0 , 0*(' %.

T&' *+:**:) -*0 , TMOD &)' 0&' ,,=*+ +/0*,+

TMOD @89& SFR

Bit N#%' E()!#n#tion o> Function Ti%'r

7 GATE1

"&'+ 0&* -*0 * '0 0&' 0*(' =* ,+; + =&'+

INT1 @P3.3 * &*&. "&'+ 0&* -*0 * /') 0&' 0*('

=* + '):' , 0&' 0)0' , INT1.

1

6 C?T1

"&'+ 0&* -*0 * '0 0&' 0*(' =* /,+0 ''+0 ,+

T1 @P3.5. "&'+ 0&* -*0 * /') 0&' 0*(' =* -'*+/'('+0': ''; ()/&*+' /;/'.

1

5 T1M1 T*(' (,:' -*0 @'' -',= 1

4 T1M% T*(' (,:' -*0 @'' -',= 1

3 GATE%

"&'+ 0&* -*0 * '0 0&' 0*(' =* ,+; + =&'+

INT% @P3.2 * &*&. "&'+ 0&* -*0 * /') 0&' 0*('

=* + '):' , 0&' 0)0' , INT%.

%

2 C?T%

"&'+ 0&* -*0 * '0 0&' 0*(' =* /,+0 ''+0 ,+

T% @P3.4. "&'+ 0&* -*0 * /') 0&' 0*(' =* -'

*+/'('+0': ''; ()/&*+' /;/'.

%

1 T%M1 T*(' (,:' -*0 @'' -',= %

% T%M% T*(' (,:' -*0 @'' -',= %

A ;, /)+ '' *+ 0&' )-,' /&)0> , -*0 @0=, , ')/& 0*(' )' ': 0, '/*; )

(,:' , ,')0*,+. T&' (,:' , ,')0*,+ )'

T(M1 T(M3 T*(' M,:' D'/*0*,+ , M,:'

% % % 13-*0 T*('.

% 1 1 16-*0 T*('

1 % 2 8-*0 )0,',):

1 1 3 S*0 0*(' (,:'

1?*it Ti%' Mod' %od' 3

2%


21/42

T*(' (,:' % * ) 13-*0 0*('. T&* * ) '*/ 0&)0 =) '0 ),+: *+ 0&' 8%51 0,

()*+0)*+ /,()0)-**0; =*0& *0 ':'/',> 0&' 8%48. G'+'); 0&' 13-*0 0*(' (,:' *

+,0 ': *+ +'= :'',('+0.

"&'+ 0&' 0*(' * *+ 13-*0 (,:'> TL =* /,+0 ,( % 0, 31. "&'+ TL * *+/'('+0':

,( 31> *0 =* ''0 0, % )+: *+/'('+0 T#. T&> ''/0*';> ,+; 13 -*0 , 0&' 0=,

0*(' -;0' )' -'*+ ': -*0 %4 , TL )+: -*0 %7 , T#. T&* ), (')+> *+

''+/'> 0&' 0*(' /)+ ,+; /,+0)*+ 8192 )'. I ;, '0 ) 13-*0 0*(' 0, %> *0 =*

,',= -)/ 0, ', 8192 ()/&*+' /;/' )0'.

A)*+> 0&'' * '; *00' '),+ 0, ' 0&* (,:' )+: *0 * ,+; ('+0*,+': , ;, =,+0

-' *': * ;, '' '+: )+);*+ )/&)'*/ /,:' =&*/& &) -''+ )': :,=+

0&,& 0&' '+')0*,+ @) '+')0*,+ *+ ) ,)((*+ &, * ,0'+ ,+ 0&' ,:' ,

)-,0 3 , 4 (,+0&.

1?*it Ti%' Mod' %od' 1

T*(' (,:' 1 * ) 16-*0 0*('. T&* * ) '; /,((,+; ': (,:'. I0 +/0*,+ 0

*' 13-*0 (,:' '/'0 0&)0 ) 16 -*0 )' ':.

TL * *+/'('+0': ,( % 0, 255. "&'+ TL * *+/'('+0': ,( 255> *0 ''0 0, % )+:

/)' T# 0, -' *+/'('+0': -; 1. S*+/' 0&* * ) 16-*0 0*('> 0&' 0*(' (); /,+0)*+

0, 65536 :*0*+/0 )'. I ;, '0 ) 16-*0 0*(' 0, %> *0 =* ,',= -)/ 0, % )0'

65>536 ()/&*+' /;/'.

+?*it Ti%' Mod' %od' 2

T*(' (,:' 2 * )+ 8-*0 )0,',): (,:'. "&)0 * 0&)0> ;, (); ) S*('. "&'+ )

0*(' * *+ (,:' 2> T# &,: 0&' ',): )' )+: TL * 0&' 0*(' *0'. T&> TL

0)0 /,+0*+ . "&'+ TL ')/&' 255 )+: * -' *+0'): ,

''00*+ 0, % @) *+ 0&' /)' , (,:' % )+: 1> *0 =* -' ''0 0, 0&' )' 0,': *+ T#.

F, ')('> '0 ); T#% &,: 0&' )' FD& )+: TL% &,: 0&' )' FE&. I =' =''

0, =)0/& 0&' )' , T#% )+: TL% , ) '= ()/&*+' /;/' 0&* * =&)0 =': ''

M#c4in' Cc!' TH3 6#!u' TL3 6#!u'

1 FD& FE&

2 FD& FF&

3 FD& FD&

4 FD& FE&

21


22/42

5 FD& FF&

6 FD& FD&

7 FD& FE&

A ;, /)+ ''> 0&' )' , T#% +'' /&)+':. I+ )/0> =&'+ ;, ' (,:' 2 ;,)(,0 )=); '0 T# 0, ) +,=+ )' )+: TL * 0&' SFR 0&)0 * /,+0)+0;

*+/'('+0':.

"&)0 0&' -'+'*0 , )0,',): (,:' P'&) ;, =)+0 0&' 0*(' 0, )=); &)' )

)' ,( 2%% 0, 255. I ;, ' (,:' % , 1> ;,: &)' 0, /&'/ *+ /,:' 0, '' * 0&'

0*(' &): ,',=': )+:> * ,> ''0 0&' 0*(' 0, 2%%. T&* 0)' '/*, *+0/0*,+ ,

''/0*,+ 0*(' 0, /&'/ 0&' )' )+:?, 0, ',): *0. "&'+ ;, ' (,:' 2 0&'

(*/,/,+0,' 0)' /)' , 0&* , ;,. O+/' ;,' /,+*': ) 0*(' *+ (,:' 2 ;,

:,+0 &)' 0, =,; )-,0 /&'/*+ 0, '' * 0&' 0*(' &) ,',=': +, :, ;, &)' 0,

=,; )-,0 ''00*+ 0&' )'0&' (*/,/,+0,' &):=)' =* :, *0 ) , ;,.

T&' )0,',): (,:' * '; /,((,+; ': , '0)-*&*+ ) -): )0' =&*/& =' =*

0) (,' )-,0 *+ 0&' S'*) C,((+*/)0*,+ /&)0'.

S)!it Ti%'r Mod' %od'

T*(' (,:' 3 * ) *00*(' (,:'. "&'+ T*(' % * )/': *+ (,:' 3> *0 ''+0*);

-'/,(' 0=, '))0' 8-*0 0*('. T&)0 * 0, );> T*(' % * TL% )+: T*(' 1 * T#%.

B,0& 0*(' /,+0 ,( % 0, 255 )+: ,',= -)/ 0, %. A 0&' -*0 0&)0 )' ')0': 0,

T*(' 1 =* +,= -' 0*': 0, T#%.

"&*' T*(' % * *+ *0 (,:'> 0&' ') T*(' 1 @*.'. T#1 )+: TL1 /)+ -' 0 *+0, (,:'

%> 1 , 2 +,();&,=''> ;, (); +,0 0)0 , 0, 0&' ') 0*(' 1 *+/' 0&' -*0 0&)0

:, 0&)0 )' +,= *+': 0, T#%. T&' ') 0*(' 1> *+ 0&* /)'> =* -' *+/'('+0': '';

()/&*+' /;/' +, ()00' =&)0.

T&' ,+; ') ' I /)+ '' , *+ *0 0*(' (,:' * * ;, +'': 0, &)' 0=, '))0'

0*(' )+:> )::*0*,+);> ) -): )0' '+')0,. I+ /& /)' ;, /)+ ' 0&' ') T*(' 1

) ) -): )0' '+')0, )+: ' T#%?TL% ) 0=, '))0' 0*('.

T4' TCON SFR

22


23/42

F*+);> 0&'' ,+' (,' SFR 0&)0 /,+0, 0&' 0=, 0*(' )+: ,*:' ))-'

*+,()0*,+ )-,0 0&'(. T&' TCON SFR &) 0&' ,,=*+ 0/0'

TCON @88& SFR

Bit N#%'Bit

Addr'55 E()!#n#tion o> Function Ti%'r

7 TF1 8F&Ti%'r 1 O/'r>!o. T&* -*0 * '0 -; 0&'

(*/,/,+0,' =&'+ T*(' 1 ,',=.1

6 TR1 8E&Ti%'r 1 Run. "&'+ 0&* -*0 * '0 T*(' 1 * 0+':

,+. "&'+ 0&* -*0 * /') T*(' 1 * ,.1

5 TF% 8D&Ti%'r 3 O/'r>!o. T&* -*0 * '0 -; 0&'

(*/,/,+0,' =&'+ T*(' % ,',=.%

4 TR% 8C&Ti%'r 3 Run. "&'+ 0&* -*0 * '0 T*(' % * 0+':

,+. "&'+ 0&* -*0 * /') T*(' % * ,.%

A ;, (); +,0*/'> ='' ,+; :'*+': 4 , 0&' 8 -*0. T&)0 -'/)' 0&' ,0&' 4 -*0 ,

0&' SFR :,+0 &)' )+;0&*+ 0, :, =*0& 0*('0&'; &)' 0, :, =*0& I+0'0 )+: 0&';

=* -' :*/': *+ 0&' /&)0' 0&)0 )::'' *+0'0.

A +'= *'/' , *+,()0*,+ *+ 0&* /&)0 * 0&' /,(+ -*0 )::'. T&* * -'/)' 0&*

SFR * -*0)::')-'. "&)0 :,' 0&* (')+ I0 (')+ * ;, =)+0 0, '0 0&' -*0 TF1

=&*/& * 0&' &*&'0 -*0 , TCON;, /,: ''/0' 0&' /,(()+:

MOV TCON> J8%&

... ,> *+/' 0&' SFR * -*0)::')-'> ;, /,: 0 ''/0' 0&' /,(()+:SETB TF1

T&* &) 0&' -'+'*0 , '00*+ 0&' &*& -*0 , TCON =*0&,0 /&)+*+ 0&' )' , )+; ,

0&' ,0&' -*0 , 0&' SFR. U); =&'+ ;, 0)0 , 0, ) 0*(' ;, :,+0 =)+0 0,

(,:*; 0&' ,0&' )' *+ TCON> , ;, 0)' ):)+0)' , 0&' )/0 0&)0 0&' SFR * -*0

)::')-'.

Initi#!iin$ # Ti%'r

N,= 0&)0 ='' :*/': 0&' 0*('')0': SFR =' )' '):; 0, =*0' /,:' 0&)0 =*

*+*0*)*' 0&' 0*(' )+: 0)0 *0 ++*+.

A ;, '/)> =' *0 (0 :'/*:' =&)0 (,:' =' =)+0 0&' 0*(' 0, -' *+. I+ 0&* /)'

=' =)+0 ) 16-*0 0*(' 0&)0 + /,+0*+,; 0&)0 * 0, );> *0 * +,0 :''+:'+0 ,+ )+;

'0'+) *+.

23


24/42

"' (0 *0 *+*0*)*' 0&' TMOD SFR. S*+/' =' )' =,*+ =*0& 0*(' % =' =* -'

*+ 0&' ,='0 4 -*0 , TMOD. T&' *0 0=, -*0> GATE% )+: C?T% )' -,0& % *+/'

=' =)+0 0&' 0*(' 0, -' *+:''+:'+0 , 0&' '0'+) *+. 16-*0 (,:' * 0*(' (,:' 1 ,

=' (0 /') T%M1 )+: '0 T%M%. E'/0*';> 0&' ,+; -*0 =' =)+0 0, 0+ ,+ * -*0 % ,

TMOD. T& 0, *+*0*)*' 0&' 0*(' =' ''/0' 0&' *+0/0*,+

MOV TMOD>J%1&

T*(' % * +,= *+ 16-*0 0*(' (,:'. #,=''> 0&' 0*(' * +,0 ++*+. T, 0)0 0&' 0*('

++*+ =' (0 '0 0&' TR% -*0 "' /)+ :, 0&)0 -; ''/0*+ 0&' *+0/0*,+

SETB TR%

U,+ ''/0*+ 0&'' 0=, *+0/0*,+ 0*(' % =* *((':*)0'; -'*+ /,+0*+> -'*+

*+/'('+0': ,+/' ''; ()/&*+' /;/' @''; 12 /;0) '.

R'#din$ t4' Ti%'r

T&'' )' 0=, /,((,+ =); , '):*+ 0&' )' , ) 16-*0 0*(' =&*/& ;, '

:''+: ,+ ;, '/**/ )*/)0*,+. Y, (); '*0&' '): 0&' )/0) )' , 0&' 0*(' )

) 16-*0 +(-'> , ;, (); *(; :'0'/0 =&'+ 0&' 0*(' &) ,',=':.

R'#din$ t4' /#!u' o> # Ti%'r

I ;, 0*(' * *+ )+ 8-*0 (,:'0&)0 *> '*0&' 8-*0 A0,R',): (,:' , *+ *0 0*('

(,:'0&'+ '):*+ 0&' )' , 0&' 0*(' * *('. Y, *(; '): 0&' 1-;0' )' ,

0&' 0*(' )+: ;,' :,+'.

#,=''> * ;,' :')*+ =*0& ) 13-*0 , 16-*0 0*(' 0&' /&,' * ) *00' (,'

/,(*/)0':. C,+*:' =&)0 =,: &)'+ * ;, '): 0&' ,= -;0' , 0&' 0*(' ) 255>

0&'+ '): 0&' &*& -;0' , 0&' 0*(' ) 15. I+ 0&* /)'> =&)0 )/0); &)'+': =) 0&)0

0&' 0*(' )' =) 14?255 @&*& -;0' 14> ,= -;0' 255 -0 ;, '): 15?255. "&;

B'/)' ;, '): 0&' ,= -;0' ) 255. B0 =&'+ ;, ''/0': 0&' +'0 *+0/0*,+ )

() )(,+0 , 0*(' )':-0 '+,& , 0&' 0*(' 0, *+/'('+0 ))*+ )0 =&*/& 0*('

0&' )' ,': ,' ,( 14?255 0, 15?%. B0 *+ 0&' ,/' ;,' '): 0&' 0*(' )

-'*+ 15?255. O-*,; 0&'' ) ,-'( 0&''.

T&' ,0*,+ I0 +,0 0,, 0*/;> ');. Y, '): 0&' &*& -;0' , 0&' 0*('> 0&'+ '): 0&',= -;0'> 0&'+ '): 0&' &*& -;0' ))*+. I 0&' &*& -;0' '): 0&' '/,+: 0*(' * +,0 0&'

)(' ) 0&' &*& -;0' '): 0&' *0 0*(' ;, '')0 0&' /;/'. I+ /,:'> 0&* =,: )')

)

REPEAT MOV A>T#%

MOV R%>TL%

24


25/42

CQNE A>T#%>REPEAT

...

I+ 0&* /)'> =' ,): 0&' )//()0, =*0& 0&' &*& -;0' , T*(' %. "' 0&'+ ,): R% =*0&

0&' ,= -;0' , T*(' %. F*+);> =' /&'/ 0, '' * 0&' &*& -;0' =' '): ,0 , T*(' %

=&*/& * +,= 0,': *+ 0&' A//()0,* 0&' )(' ) 0&' /'+0 T*(' % &*& -;0'. I

*0 *+0 *0 (')+ ='' 0 ,': ,' )+: (0 ''): 0&' 0*(' )'=&*/& =' :,

-; ,*+ -)/ 0, REPEAT. "&'+ 0&' ,, '*0 =' =* &)' 0&' ,= -;0' , 0&' 0*(' *+

R% )+: 0&' &*& -;0' *+ 0&' A//()0,.

A+,0&' (/& *(' )0'+)0*' * 0, *(; 0+ , 0&' 0*(' + -*0 @*.'. CLR TR%>

'): 0&' 0*(' )'> )+: 0&'+ 0+ ,+ 0&' 0*(' + -*0 @*.'. SETB TR%. I+ 0&)0 /)'> 0&'

0*(' *+0 ++*+ , +, '/*) 0*/ )' +'/');. O /,'> 0&* *(*' 0&)0 ;,

0*(' =* -' 0,': , ) '= ()/&*+' /;/'. "&'0&' , +,0 0&* * 0,')-' :''+:

,+ ;, '/**/ )*/)0*,+.

D't'ctin$ Ti%'r O/'r>!o

O0'+ *0 * +'/'); 0, 0 +,= 0&)0 0&' 0*(' &) ''0 0, %. T&)0 * 0, );> ;, )' +,0

)0*/); *+0''0 *+ 0&' )' , 0&' 0*(' -0 )0&' ;, )' *+0''0': *+ +,=*+

=&'+ 0&' 0*(' &) ,',=': -)/ 0, %.

"&'+'' ) 0*(' overflows ,( *0 &*&'0 )' -)/ 0, %> 0&' (*/,/,+0,'

)0,()0*/); '0 0&' TF -*0 *+ 0&' TCON '*0'. T&* * ' *+/' )0&' 0&)+

/&'/*+ 0&' ')/0 )' , 0&' 0*(' ;, /)+ 0 /&'/ * 0&' TF -*0 * '0. I TF% * '0

*0 (')+ 0&)0 0*(' % &) ,',=': * TF1 * '0 *0 (')+ 0&)0 0*(' 1 &) ,',=':.

"' /)+ ' 0&* ),)/& 0, /)' 0&' ,)( 0, ''/0' ) *': :');. A ;, '/)>

=' /)/)0': ')*' 0&)0 *0 0)' 0&' 8%51 1?2%0& , ) '/,+: 0, /,+0 ,( % 0, 46>%79.

#,=''> 0&' TF ) * '0 =&'+ 0&' 0*(' ,',= -)/ 0, %. T&> * =' =)+0 0, '

0&' TF ) 0, *+:*/)0' =&'+ 1?2%0& , ) '/,+: &) )': =' (0 '0 0&' 0*('

*+*0*); 0, 65536 ' 46%79> , 19>457. I =' '0 0&' 0*(' 0, 19>457> 1?2%0& , ) '/,+:

)0' 0&' 0*(' =* ,',=. T& =' /,(' =*0& 0&' ,,=*+ /,:' 0, ''/0' )

)' , 1?2%0& , ) '/,+:

MO6 TH378#*& -;0' , 19>457 @76 256 19>456MO6 TL37831L,= -;0' , 19>457 @19>456 1 19>457

MO6 TMOD7831P0 T*(' % *+ 16-*0 (,:'

SETB TR3M)' T*(' % 0)0 /,+0*+

;NB TF37I TF% * +,0 '0> ( -)/ 0, 0&* )(' *+0/0*,+

I+ 0&' )-,' /,:' 0&' *0 0=, *+' *+*0*)*' 0&' T*(' % 0)0*+ )' 0, 19>457. T&'

+'0 0=, *+0/0*,+ /,+*' 0*(' % )+: 0+ *0 ,+. F*+);> 0&' )0 *+0/0*,+ ;NB

25


26/42

TF37> '): Q(> * TF% * +,0 '0> -)/ 0, 0&* )(' *+0/0*,+. T&' ,')+:

(')+> *+ (,0 )'(-'> 0&' )::' , 0&' /'+0 *+0/0*,+. T& ) ,+ ) 0&'

0*(' &) +,0 ,',=': )+: 0&' TF% -*0 &) +,0 -''+ '0 0&' ,)( =* ''

''/0*+ 0&* )(' *+0/0*,+. A0' 1?2%0& , ) '/,+: 0*(' % =* ,',=> '0 0&'

TF% -*0> )+: ,)( ''/0*,+ =* 0&'+ -') ,0 , 0&' ,,.

Ti%in$ t4' !'n$t4 o> '/'nt5

T&' 8%51 ,*:' )+,0&' /,, 0,; 0&)0 /)+ -' ': 0, 0*(' 0&' '+0& , ''+0.

F, ')('> '0 ); ='' 0;*+ 0, )' ''/0*/*0; *+ 0&' ,*/' )+: ='' *+0''0': *+

&,= ,+ ) *&0 * 0+': ,+ ')/& :);. "&'+ 0&' *&0 * 0+': ,+> =' =)+0 0, (')'

0*('. "&'+ 0&' *&0 * 0+': , =' :,+0. O+' ,0*,+ =,: -' 0, /,++'/0 0&'

*&0=*0/& 0, ,+' , 0&' *+> /,+0)+0; '): 0&' *+> )+: 0+ 0&' 0*(' ,+ , , -)':

,+ 0&' 0)0' , 0&)0 *+. "&*' 0&* =,: =, *+'> 0&' 8%51 ,*:' =*0& )+ ')*'

('0&,: , )//,(*&*+ 0&*.

L,,*+ ))*+ )0 0&' TMOD SFR> 0&'' * ) -*0 /)': GATE%. S, ) ='' )=);

/')': 0&* -*0 -'/)' =' =)+0': 0&' 0*(' 0, + '):' , 0&' 0)0' , 0&' '0'+)

*+. #,=''> +,= *0 =,: -' +*/' * )+ '0'+) *+ /,: /,+0, =&'0&' 0&' 0*('

=) ++*+ , +,0. I0 /)+. A =' +'': 0, :, * /,++'/0 0&' *&0=*0/& 0, *+ INT% @P3.2

,+ 0&' 8%51 )+: '0 0&' -*0 GATE%. "&'+ GATE% * '0 T*(' % =* ,+; + * P3.2 *

&*&. "&'+ P3.2 * ,= @*.'.> 0&' *&0=*0/& * , 0&' 0*(' =* )0,()0*/); -'

0,':.

T&> =*0& +, /,+0, /,:' =&)0,''> 0&' '0'+) *+ P3.2 /)+ /,+0, =&'0&' , +,0

, 0*(' * ++*+ , +,0.

SING TIMERS AS E6ENT CONTERS

"'' :*/': &,= ) 0*(' /)+ -' ': , 0&' ,-*, ,' , ''*+ 0)/ ,

0*('. #,=''> 0&' 8%51 ), ),= 0, ' 0&' 0*(' 0, /,+0 ''+0.

#,= /)+ 0&* -' ' L'0 ); ;, &): ) '+, )/': )/, ) ,): 0&)0 =,: '+: )

' ''; 0*(' ) /) )': ,' *0. T&* /,: -' ': 0, :'0'(*+' 0&' ,(' ,

0)*/ ,+ 0&' ,):. "' /,: )00)/& 0&* '+, 0, ,+' , 0&' 8%51 I?O *+' )+:

/,+0)+0; (,+*0, *0> :'0'/0*+ =&'+ *0 ': &*& )+: 0&'+ *+/'('+0*+ , /,+0'

=&'+ *0 ='+0 -)/ 0, ) ,= 0)0'. T&* * +,0 0'*-; :**/0> -0 '


27/42

QNB P1.%> I ) /) &)+0 )*': 0&' *+)> '' =)*0*+

QB P1.%> T&' *+' * &*& =&*/& (')+ 0&' /) * ,+ 0&' '+, *&0 +,=

INC COUNTER T&' /) &) )': /,('0';> , =' /,+0 *0

A ;, /)+ ''> *0 ,+; 0&'' *+' , /,:'. B0 =&)0 * ;, +'': 0, -' :,*+ ,0&'

,/'*+ )0 0&' )(' 0*(' Y, /)+0 -' 0/ *+ 0&' QNB P1.%> ,, =)*0*+ , ) /)

0, ) * ;, +'': 0, -' :,*+ ,0&' 0&*+. O /,'> 0&'' )' =); 0, '0 ),+: ''+

0&* *(*0)0*,+ -0 0&' /,:' /,('> )+: ;.

L/*;> *+/' 0&' 8%51 ,*:' =*0& ) =); 0, ' 0&' 0*(' 0, /,+0 ''+0 =' :,+0

&)' 0, -,0&' =*0& *0. I0 * )/0); )*+; ');. "' ,+; &)' 0, /,+*' ,+'

)::*0*,+) -*0.

L'0 ); =' =)+0 0, ' T*(' % 0, /,+0 0&' +(-' , /) 0&)0 ). I ;, ,, -)/

0, 0&' -*0 0)-' , 0&' TCON SFR ;, =* 0&'' * ) -*0 /)': C?T%*0 -*0 2

@TCON.2. R'*'=*+ 0&' ')+)0*,+ , 0&' -*0 =' '' 0&)0 * 0&' -*0 * /') 0&'+ 0*(' %

=* -' *+/'('+0': ''; ()/&*+' /;/'. T&* * =&)0 ='' )'):; ': 0, (')'

0*('. #,=''> * =' '0 C?T% 0*(' % =* (,+*0, 0&' P3.4 *+'. I+0'): , -'*+

*+/'('+0': ''; ()/&*+' /;/'> 0*(' % =* /,+0 ''+0 ,+ 0&' P3.4 *+'. S, *+ ,

/)' =' *(; /,++'/0 , '+, 0, P3.4 )+: '0 0&' 8%51 :, 0&' =,. T&'+> =&'+ ='

=)+0 0, +,= &,= ()+; /) &)' )':> =' 0 '): 0&' )' , 0*(' %0&' )' ,

0*(' % =* -' 0&' +(-' , /) 0&)0 &)' )':.

S, =&)0 ')/0; * )+ ''+0 "&)0 :,' 0*(' % )/0); /,+0 S')*+ )0 0&'

''/0*/) ''> 0&' 8%51 /,+0 1% 0)+*0*,+ ,+ 0&' P3.4 *+'. T&* (')+ 0&)0 =&'+ )

/) *0 + ,' , '+, *0 =* )*' 0&' *+0 0, ) &*& @1 /,+:*0*,+. A0 0&)0 ,*+00&' 8%51 =* +,0 /,+0 )+;0&*+ *+/' 0&* * ) %1 0)+*0*,+. #,=''> =&'+ 0&' /) &)

)': 0&' '+, =* ) -)/ 0, ) ,= @% 0)0'. T&* * ) 1% 0)+*0*,+ )+: )0 0&)0

*+0)+0 0&' /,+0' =* -' *+/'('+0': -; 1.

I0 * *(,0)+0 0, +,0' 0&)0 0&' 8%51 /&'/ 0&' P3.4 *+' ')/& *+0/0*,+ /;/' @12 /,/

/;/'. T&* (')+ 0&)0 * P3.4 * ,=> ,' &*&> )+: ,' -)/ ,= *+ 6 /,/ /;/' *0

=* ,-)-; +,0 -' :'0'/0': -; 0&' 8%51. T&* ), (')+ 0&' 8%51 ''+0 /,+0' * ,+;

/))-' , /,+0*+ ''+0 0&)0 ,// )0 ) ()*(( , 1?240& 0&' )0' , 0&' /;0)

'%%% ''+0 ' '/,+: @12.%%% M& 1?24 5%%>%%%. I 0&' ''+0 -'*+ /,+0':,// (,' 0&)+ 5%%>%%% 0*(' ' '/,+: *0 =* +,0 -' )-' 0, -' )//)0'; /,+0': -;

0&' 8%51.

DESCRIPTION OF AT+,S-2:

27


28/42

T&' AT89S52 * ) ,=,='> &*&',()+/' CMOS 8-*0 (*/,/,(0' =*0&

4K -;0' , F)& ,)(()-' )+: '))-' '): ,+; ('(,; @PEROM. T&' :'*/'

* ()+)/0': *+ A0(' &*&:'+*0; +,+,)0*' ('(,; 0'/&+,,; )+: *

/,()0*-' =*0& 0&' *+:0;0)+:): MCS51 *+0/0*,+ '0 )+: *+,0. T&' ,+/&*

F)& ),= 0&' ,)( ('(,; 0, -' ',)((': *+;0'( , -; ) /,+'+0*,+)

+,+,)0*' ('(,; ,)(('. B; /,(-*+*+ ) ')0*' 8-*0 CPU =*0& F)& ,+ )

(,+,*0&*/ /&*> 0&' A0(' AT89S52 * ) ,=' (*/,/,(0' =&*/& ,*:' )

&*&;'*-' )+: /,0''/0*' ,0*,+ 0, ()+; '(-'::': /,+0, )*/)0*,+.

T&' AT89S52 ,*:' 0&' ,,=*+ 0)+:): ')0' 4K -;0' , F)&> 128

-;0' , RAM> 32 I?O *+'> 0=, 16-*0 0*('?/,+0'> *' '/0, 0=,'' *+0'0

)/&*0'/0'> ) :' '*) ,0> )+: ,+/&* ,/*)0, )+: /,/ /*/*0;. I+

)::*0*,+> 0&' AT89S52 * :'*+': =*0& 0)0*/ ,*/ , ,')0*,+ :,=+ 0, ', ' , )+ *+'0*+

)(**' =&*/& /)+ -' /,+*': , ' ) )+ ,+/&* ,/*)0, E*0&' ) *+/' 0&' *+0 0, 0&' *+0'+) /,/*+/*/*0; * 0&,& ) :**:'-;0=, *,> -0 (*+*(( )+: ()*(( ,0)' &*&

)+: ,= 0*(' '/**/)0*,+ (0 -' ,-'':.

IDLE MODE:

I+ *:' (,:'> 0&' CPU 0 *0' 0, '' =&*' ) 0&' ,+ /&* '*&') '()*+

)/0*'. T&' (,:' * *+,': -; ,0=)'. T&' /,+0'+0 , 0&' ,+/&* RAM )+: ) 0&'

'/*) +/0*,+ '*0' '()*+ +/&)+': :*+ 0&* (,:'. T&' *:' (,:' /)+ -'

0'(*+)0': -; )+; '+)-': *+0'0 , -; ) &):=)' ''0. I0 &,: -' +,0': 0&)0 =&'+

*:' * 0'(*+)0': -; ) &): =)' ''0> 0&' :'*/' +,(); '(' ,)( ''/0*,+>

,( =&'' *0 '0 ,> 0, 0=, ()/&*+' /;/' -',' 0&' *+0'+) ''0 ),*0&( 0)'

/,+0,. O+/&* &):=)' *+&*-*0 )//' 0, *+0'+) RAM *+ 0&* ''+0> -0 )//' 0, 0&'

,0 *+ * +,0 *+&*-*0':. T, '*(*+)0' 0&' ,*-**0; , )+ +''/0': =*0' 0, ) ,0 *+

=&'+ I:' * 0'(*+)0': -; R''0> 0&' *+0/0*,+ ,,=*+ 0&' ,+' 0&)0 *+,' I:'

&,: +,0 -' ,+' 0&)0 =*0' 0, ) ,0 *+ , 0, '0'+) ('(,;.

28


29/42

PIN DIAGRAM OF AT+,S-2

PIN DESCRIPTION

6CC:

S; ,0)'.

GND:

G,+:.

Port 3:

P,0 % * )+ 8-*0 ,'+:)*+ -*:*'/0*,+) I?O ,0. A )+ ,00 ,0> ')/& *+

/)+ *+ '*&0 TTL *+0. "&'+ 1 )' =*00'+ 0, ,0 % *+> 0&' *+ /)+ -' ': )

&*& *(':)+/' *+0. P,0 % (); ), -' /,+*': 0, -' 0&' (0*'': ,= ,:'

)::'?:)0) - :*+ )//'' 0, '0'+) ,)( )+: :)0) ('(,;. I+ 0&* (,:' P%

&) *+0'+) . P,0 % ), '/'*' 0&' /,:' -;0' :*+ F)& ,)((*+> )+:

,00 0&' /,:' -;0' :*+ ,)( '**/)0*,+. E0'+) )' '


30/42

P,0 1 * )+ 8-*0 -*:*'/0*,+) I?O ,0 =*0& *+0'+) . T&' P,0 1 ,00

-' /)+ *+?,/' , TTL *+0. "&'+ 1 )' =*00'+ 0, P,0 1 *+ 0&'; )'

': &*& -; 0&' *+0'+) )+: /)+ -' ': ) *+0. A *+0> P,0 1 *+ 0&)0

)' '0'+); -'*+ ': ,= =* ,/' /'+0 @IIL -'/)' , 0&' *+0'+) .

P,0 1 ), '/'*' 0&' ,=,:' )::' -;0' :*+ F)& ,)((*+ )+:

'**/)0*,+.

Port 2:

P,0 2 * )+ 8-*0 -*:*'/0*,+) I?O ,0 =*0& *+0'+) . T&' P,0 2 ,00

-' /)+ *+?,/' , TTL *+0. "&'+ 1 )' =*00'+ 0, P,0 2 *+ 0&'; )'

': &*& -; 0&' *+0'+) )+: /)+ -' ': ) *+0.

P,0 2 *+ 0&)0 )' '0'+); -'*+ ': ,= =* ,/' /'+0 @IIL -'/)' , 0&'

*+0'+) .

RST:R''0 *+0 ) &*& ,+ 0&* *+ , 0=, ()/&*+' /;/' =&*' 0&' ,/*)0, *

++*+ ''0 0&' :'*/'.

ALEPROG:

A::' L)0/& E+)-' ,00 ' , )0/&*+ 0&' ,= -;0' , 0&' )::' :*+

)//'' 0, '0'+) ('(,;. T&* *+ * ), 0&' ,)( ' *+0 @PROG :*+

F)& ,)((*+. I+ +,() ,')0*,+ ALE * '(*00': )0 ) /,+0)+0 )0' , 1?6 0&'

,/*)0, ' '/'0 0&)0 0=, PSEN )/0*)0*,+ )' *': :*+ ')/& )//' 0,

'0'+) :)0) ('(,;.

EA6PP:

E0'+) A//' E+)-'. EA (0 -' 0)': 0, GND *+ ,:' 0, '+)-' 0&'

:'*/' 0, '0/& /,:' ,( '0'+) ,)( ('(,; ,/)0*,+ 0)0*+ )0 %%%%# 0,

FFFF#. N,0'> &,=''> 0&)0 * ,/ -*0 1 * ,)((':> EA =* -' *+0'+); )0/&': ,+

''0. EA &,: -' 0)': 0, VCC , *+0'+) ,)( ''/0*,+. T&* *+ ),

'/'*' 0&' 12,0 ,)((*+ '+)-' ,0)' @VPP :*+ F)& ,)((*+> ,

)0 0&)0 '


31/42

I+0 0, 0&' *+'0*+ ,/*)0, )(**' )+: *+0 0, 0&' *+0'+) /,/ ,')0*+

/*/*0.

TAL2:

O00 ,( 0&' *+'0*+ ,/*)0, )(**'.

Port Pin A!t'rn#t' Function5

P3.%

P3.1

P3.2

P3.3

P3.4

P3.5

P3.6

P3.7

R!D @'*) *+0 ,0

T!D @'*) ,00 ,0

INT% @'0'+) *+0'0 %

INT1 @'0'+) *+0'0 1

T% @0*(' % '0'+) *+0

T1 @0*(' 1 '0'+) *+0

"R @'0'+) :)0) ('(,; =*0' 0,-'

RD @'0'+) :)0) ('(,; '): 0,-'

-.2 PO ) 0'):; DC

,0)'> * ,-0)*+': -; '/0*;*+ 0&' )/ ,0)' 0&'+ *0'*+ 0, ) :/ '' )+: F*+);

R')0*,+ * ); ,-0)*+': ,( )+ IC ,0)' ')0, +*0> =&*/& 0)' ) :/ ,0)'

)+: ,*:' ) ,(' =&)0 ,=' :/ ,0)'> =&*/& '()*+ 0&' )(' ''+ * 0&' *+0 :/

,0)' )*' , 0&' ,00 ,): /,++'/0': 0, 0&' :/ ,0)' /&)+'.

BLOC DIAGRAM:

T&' )/ ,0)'> 0;*/); 23% * /,++'/0': 0, 0)+,('> =&*/& 0' 0&' )/

,0)' :,=+ 0, 0&' '' , :'*': :/ ,00. A :*,:' '/0**' ,*:' ) =)'

'/0**': V,0)' 0&)0 * *+*0*); *0'': -; ) *(' /))/*0*' *0' 0, ,:/' ) :/

,0)'.

T&* '0*+ :/ ,0)' ); &) ,(' *' , )/ ,0)' )*)0*,+. A

')0, C*/*0 /)+ ' 0&* :/ *+0 0, ,*:' ) ')0': 0&)0 +,0 ,+; &) (/& *'

,0)'

31

T)+,(' R'/0**' F*0' R')0,


32/42

B0 ), '()*+ 0&' )(' :/ )' ''+ * 0&' *+0 :/ ,0)' /&)+'. T&*

,0)' R')0*,+ * ); ,-0)*+': *+ ,+' , ) +(-' , ,) ,0)'

')0*,+ IC U+*0.

TRANSFORMER:

A 0)+,(' * 0&' 0)0*/ :'*/' , =&*/& ''/0*/ ,=' *+ ,+' /*/*0 *0)+,(': *+0, ''/0*/ ,=' , 0&' )(' '

-'*+ ,=): -*)':> =&*' D1 :,' +,0> -'*+ ''' -*)':. #'+/' 0&' ,): /'+0

,= *+ -,0& &) /;/' , )/ ,0)' )+: *+ 0&' )(' :*'/0*,+. T&' :*,:' =' )' *+

&'' , 0&' ,' , '/0**/)0*,+ * IN4%%1.

FILTER:

T&' *0' /*/*0 ': &'' * 0&' /))/*0, *0' /*/*0 =&'' ) /))/*0, *

/,++'/0': )0 0&' '/0**' ,00> )+: ) DC * ,-0)*+': )/, *0. T&' *0'': =)',(

* ''+0*); ) DC ,0)' =*0& +'**-' *'> =&*/& * 0*()0'; ': 0, 0&' ,):.

REGLATOR:

T&' ,00 ,0)' ,( /))/*0, * (,' *0'': )+: *+); ')0':. T&'

,0)' ')0, * ) :'*/'> =&*/& ()*+0)*+ 0&' ,00 ,0)' /,+0)+0 *''/0*'

, 0&' /&)+' *+ ; )*)0*,+> ,): )*)0*,+ )+: 0'(')0' /&)+'. #'+/'

IC78%5 * ': =&*/& * ) 5 ')0,.

CIRCIT DIAGRAM OF PO


33/42

S*+/' ) ''/0,+*/ /*/*0 =, ,+; =*0& ,= :/ ,0)' *0 +'': ) ,=' ;

+*0 0, ,*:' 0&' ),*)0' ,0)' ;. T&* +*0 /,+*0 , ) 0)+,('>

'/0**'> *0' )+: ')0,. AC ,0)' 0;*/); 23% * /,++'/0': 0, 0&' 0)+,('

0&)0 0' 0&' AC ,0)' :,=+ 0, 0&' '' 0, 0&' :'*': AC ,0)'. A :*,:' '/0**'

0&'+ ,*:' ) =)' '/0**': ,0)' 0&)0 * *+*0*); *0'': -; ) *(' /))/*0*'

*0' 0, ,:/' ) DC ,0)'. T&* '0*+ DC ,0)' ); &) ,(' *' , AC

,0)' )*)0*,+.

-. DTMF

1>2>3>4>5>6>7>8>9>A>B>C>D> )+: J.

T&' DTMF ';): * )*: ,0 *+ ) 4�4 ()0*> =*0& ')/& ,= '''+0*+ ) ,=

'


34/42

123,H 1H 1&H 1H

,&1H % J D

Ho to 5'nd DTMF ton'5

O /,' ;, /)+ '+: DTMF &,+' *+ ;, *': *+' &,+' , /'&,+'> -0 * ;, =)+0 0, )0,()0' 0&' '+:*+ , 0&'' 0,+' ,' ) &,+' /,++'/0*,+> *0 -'/,('

:**/0 -'/)' (,0 (,:'( /)+ ,+; '+: DTMF 0, :*) ) +(-'> -0 =&'+ 0&'

/,++'/0*,+ * ():'> 0&'' * +, =); 0, '+: 0&'' 0,+'. S,(' GSM (,:'( :, &)' 0&*

')0'/& ) 0&' ")'C,( )+: 0&' M0*0'/& GSM (,:'(.

-.& R'!# dri/'r #nd r'!#:

U L N 2 0 0 3

1 2 V

1

2

3

4

R ' 7 ) ;9

8p r o t o t y p em o t o r w h e e l

1 6

1 2 V

A ULN2%%3 * )+ I+0')0': C*/*0 @IC /&* =*0& ) #*& V,0)'?#*& C'+0

D)*+0,+ T)+*0, A);. I0 ),= ;, 0, *+0')/' TTL *+) =*0& &*&'

,0)'?/'+0 ,):A TTL *+) ,')0' ,( %5V> =*0& '';0&*+ -'0=''+ %.% )+:

%.8V /,+*:'': ,= , ,> )+: 2.2 0, 5.%V -'*+ /,+*:'': &*& , ,+. T&'()*(( ,=' ))*)-' ,+ ) TTL *+) :''+: ,+ 0&' 0;'> -0 '+'); :,' +,0

'/'': 25(" @5(A 5V> , *0 * +,0 ' , ,*:*+ ,=' 0, ,('0&*+ *' )

'); /,*. C,(0' )+: ,0&' ''/0,+*/ :'*/' ' , *0 /)+ ,')0' () ,):

:*'/0;. A0'+)0*';> *0 * ' 0&' ULN2%%3 ' 0&' ,= '' @TTL *+) 0, =*0/& ,+?0+ , 0&'

&*&' ,0)'?/'+0 *+) ,+ 0&' ,00 *:'.

R'!#:

R'); )' /,(,+'+0 =&*/& ),= ) ,=,=' /*/*0 0, =*0/& ) ')0*'; &*&

/'+0 ,+ )+: ,> , 0, /,+0, *+) 0&)0 (0 -' ''/0*/); *,)0': ,( 0&'

/,+0,*+ /*/*0 *0'. T, ()' ) '); ,')0'> ;, &)' 0, ) ) *0)-' *+ )+:

34


35/42

&,:*+ /'+0 @DC 0&,& *0 '+'**+ /,*. A+: '+'); '); /,* )' :'*+': 0,

,')0' ,( ) )0*/) ; ,0)' ,0'+ 12V , 5V> *+ 0&' /)' , ()+; , 0&' ()

'); ': , ''/0,+*/ =,. I+ ')/& /)' 0&' /,* &) ) '*0)+/' =&*/& =* :)=

0&' *&0 *+ )+: &,:*+ /'+0 =&'+ *0 /,++'/0': 0, 0&)0 ; ,0)'. S, 0&'

-)*/ *:') * 0, /&,,' ) '); =*0& ) /,* :'*+': 0, ,')0' ,( 0&' ; ,0)'

;,.' *+ , ;, /,+0, /*/*0 @)+: =*0& /,+0)/0 /))-' , =*0/&*+ 0&' /'+0

;, =)+0 0, /,+0,> )+: 0&'+ ,*:' ) *0)-' .'); :*'. /*/*0 , 0&)0 ;, ,=

,=' /*/*0; /)+ /,+0, 0&' /'+0 0&,& 0&' '); /,*.

. PCB DESIGN

D'*+ )+: F)-*/)0*,+ , P*+0': /*/*0 -,):

.1 INTRODCTION:

P*+0': /*/*0 -,):> , PCB> ,( 0&' /,' , ''/0,+*/ ' 0''/,((+*/)0*,+ )+: *+0('+0)0*,+.

.2 MANFATCRING:

T&' ()+)/0*+ ,/' /,+*0 , 0=, ('0&,: *+0 )+: '0/&> )+: *+0> )0' )+:

'0/&. T&' *+' *:': PCB )' ); ():' *+ 0&' *+0 )+: '0/& ('0&,:. T&'

:,-' *:': )0' 0&,& W &,' @PT# -,): )' ():' -; 0&' *+0 )0' )+: '0/&('0&,:.

T&' ,:/0*,+ , (0* );' -,): ' -,0& 0&' ('0&,:. T&' *++' );' )' *+0':

)+: '0/& =&*' 0&' ,0' );' )' ,:/': -; *+0> )0' )+: '0/& )0' '*+ 0&'

*++' );'.

. SOFT


36/42

)+'> =&*/& /)+ -' ,')0': *+ ''; ' 0&' +'0 ,')0*,+ * :**+.

.- DRILLING:

PCB :**+ * ) 0)0' , 0&' )0 ,')0*,+. V'; () &,' )' :*': =*0& &*& '':

CNC :**+ ()/&*+'> **+ ) =) *+*& =*0& ' , +, (') , ',;> ' =&*/& )+);' )+: /,+0, '0/& )+0

/,+/'+0)0*,+

.+ SOLDERMAS:

S*+/' ) PCB :'*+ (); /) , '; /,' )/*+ -'0=''+ /,+:/0,> ) ,:' () &) 0, -' )*': ,+ 0&' -,0& *:' , 0&' /*/*0; 0, ),*: 0&' -*:*+ , /,+:/0,.

T&' ,:' () *+ * )*': -; /''+*+. T&' *+ * :*':> ',': 0, UV> :'',':

*+ ) (*: ))*+' ,0*,+ )+: *+); /': -; -,0& UV )+: 0&'() '+';.

., HOT AIR LE6ELLING

A0' );*+ 0&' ,:' ()> 0&' /*/*0 ): )' ,:'': *+ 0&' &,0 )* ''*+

,/'. T&' -)' -,:*' ': )+: :*': *+ 0, ) (,0'+ ,:' -)0&. "&*' '(,*+

0&' -,): ,( 0&' ,:' -)0&> &,0 )* * -,=+ ,+ -,0& *:' , 0&' -,): 0&,& )*

+*' *+ 0&' ()/&*+'> ')*+ 0&' -,): ,:'': )+: ''':. T&* * ,+' , 0&'

/,((,+ *+*&' *'+ 0, 0&' -,):. T& 0&' :,-' *:': )0': 0&,& =&,' *+0':

/*/*0 -,): * ()+)/0': )+: * +,= '):; , 0&' /,(,+'+0 0, -' ,:'':.

SOFT


37/42

K'* :'',('+0 0,, , 0&' 8%51 M*/,/,+0,' A/&*0'/0' ,0 ''; '' ,

,0=)' :'',' ,( 0&' ,'*,+) )*/)0*,+ '+*+'' 0, 0&' 0:'+0 0

')+*+ )-,0 '(-'::': ,0=)' :'',('+0.

T&' *+:0;0)+:): K'* C C,(*'> M)/, A'(-'> D'-'> R')0*('

K'+'> S*+'-,): C,(0'> )+: E()0, ,0 ) 8%51 :'*)0*' )+: &'

;, '0 ;, ,'/0 /,('0': ,+ /&':'.

T&' K'* 8%51 D'',('+0 T,, )' :'*+': 0, ,' 0&' /,(' ,-'( )/*+

'(-'::': ,0=)' :'','.

"&'+ 0)0*+ ) +'= ,'/0> *(; ''/0 0&' (*/,/,+0,' ;, ' ,( 0&' D'*/'

D)0)-)' )+: 0&' HV**,+ IDE '0 ) /,(*'> )'(-'> *+'> )+: ('(,; ,0*,+

, ;,.

N(', ')(' ,)( )' *+/:': 0, &' ;, '0 0)0': =*0& 0&' (,0 ,) '(-'::': 8%51 :'*/'.

T&' K'* HV**,+ D'-' )//)0'; *()0' ,+/&* '*&') @IXC> CAN> UART>

SPI> I+0'0> I?O P,0> A?D C,+'0'> D?A C,+'0'> )+: P"M M,:' , ;,

8%51 :'*/'.

S*()0*,+ &' ;, +:'0)+: &):=)' /,+*)0*,+ )+: ),*: 0*(' =)0': ,+

'0 ,-'(. A::*0*,+);> =*0& *()0*,+> ;, /)+ =*0' )+: 0'0 )*/)0*,+ -','

0)'0 &):=)' * ))*)-'.

"&'+ ;, )' '):; 0, -'*+ 0'0*+ ;, ,0=)' )*/)0*,+ =*0& 0)'0 &):=)'> '

0&' MON51> MON39%> MONADI> , F)&MON51 T)'0 M,+*0,> 0&' ISD51 I+

S;0'( D'-'> , 0&' ULINK USBQTAG A:)0' 0, :,=+,): )+: 0'0 ,)( /,:'

,+ ;, 0)'0 ;0'(.

I0 -''+ '0': 0&)0 0&'' )' +,= ) ()+; '(-'::': ;0'( *+ '';:); ' )

0&'' )' ',' ,+ )+'0 E)0&. D,('0*/ )*)+/' ,( =)&*+ ()/&*+' 0, TV>

*:', '/,:' )+: (,-*' &,+'> +,= *+/:' )0 ')0 ,+' '(-'::': ,/',. T&';

)' ), *0) /,(,+'+0 *+ ) &' )*'0; , )0,(,0*'> (':*/)> )',)/' )+:

(**0); ;0'(. A ) '0> 0&'' * 0,+ :'()+: , ,)((' =*0& '(-'::':

*> )+: ()+; :'0, :'',' )' (,*+ *+0, 0&* )').

"' ,, )0 0&' *+*:' , 8%51. "' :'(,+0)0' ,(' , 0&' =*:'; ': '*0' , 0&'

8%51 =*0& *(' *+0/0*,+ /& ) MOV )+: ADD."' :*/ )-,0 )'(-; )+)' $ ()/&*+' )+)' ,)((*+ )+: :'*+' 0'(

/& ) (+'(,+*/> ,/,:'> )+: ,')+: '0/.

T&' ,/' , )'(-*+ )+: /')0*+ ) '):; 0, + ,)( , 0&' 8%51.

S0' -; 0' ''/0*,+ , )+ 8%51 ,)( )+: ,' , ,)( /,+0'.

T&'+ =' ,, )-,0 ,(' =*:'; ': )'(-; )+)' :*'/0*'> ':, /,:' )+:

:)0) 0;' ')0': 0, 0&' 8%51.

37


38/42

"' :*/ )-,0 ) -*0 )+: &,= 0&'; )' )'/0': -; )*0&('0*/ *+0/0*,+.

I+*:' 8%51

R'*0'

D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D%

I+ 0&' /> '*0' )' ': 0, 0,' *+,()0*,+ 0'(,)*; 0&)0 *+,()0*,+ /,: -' )

-;0' , :)0) 0, -' ,/'': , )::' ,*+0*+ 0, 0&' :)0) 0, -' ,/'': , )::'

,*+0*+ 0, 0&' :)0) 0, -' '0/&':.

T&' (),*0; , 8%51 '*0' )' 8 -*0 '*0'. T&' 8 -*0 '*0' )' /)**': *+0,

MSB @M,0 S*+**/)+0 B*0

LSB @L,0 S*+**/)+0 B*0

"*0& )+ 8 -*0 :)0) 0;'> )+; :)0) ,+' 0&)+ 8 -*0 (0 -' -,'+ *+0, 8 /&+ -',' *0

* ,/'':.

T&' (,0 =*:'; ': '*0' , 0&' 8%51 )' AC@A//()0,>

B>R%>R1>R2>R3>R4>R5>R6>R7> DPTR@D)0) P,*+0' )+: PC@,)( /,+0'.A , 0&' )-,' '*0' )' 8 -*0 '/'0 DPTR )+: PC.

MOV @I+0/0*,+

T&' MOV *+0/0*,+ /,*' :)0) ,( ,+' ,/)0*,+ 0, )+,0&'. I0 &) 0&'

,,=*+ ,()0.

MOV :'0*+)0*,+> ,/'> /,; ,/' 0, :'0*+)0*,+.

E)('

MOV A> J55# L,): )' 55# *+0, '*0' A

MOV R%> A /,; /,+0)/0 , A *+0, R%

MOV R1> A /,; /,+0)/0 , A *+0, R1

1. V)' /)+ -' ,):': :*'/0; *+0, )+; , 0&' '*0' A> B , R% W R7. #,='' 0,

*+:*/)0' 0&)0 *0 * )+ *((':*)0' )' *0 (0 -' ,/'':': =*0& ) ,+: *+ @J.

MOV A> J23#

MOV R%> J12#

MOV R5> J%F9#

MOV R5> JF9# =* /)' ',.

% * ': -'0=''+ J )+: F 0, *+:*/)0' 0&)0 F * &' +(-' )+: +,0 ) '00'.

2. I 0&' )' % 0, F )' (,': 0, 8-*0 '*0'> 0&' '0 , 0&' -*0 )' )(': 0, -'

',. F, ')('> *+ MOV> J5 0&' '0 =* -' A%5 0&)0 * A %%%% %1%1.

3. M,*+ ) V)' 0&)0 * 0,, )' *+0, ) '*0' =* /)' ',.

MOV A> J7F2# 7F2# 8 -*0 @FF#

4. A )' 0, -' ,):': *+0, ) '*0' (0 -' ,/'':': =*0& ) ,+: *+ @J ,0&'=*'

*0 (0 -' ,): ,( ) ('(,; ,/)0*,+.

F, ')(' ZMOV A> 17#[

I0 (')+ 0, MOV A 0&' )' &,: *+ ('(,; ,/)0*,+ 17#> =&*/& /,: &)' )+; )'.

38


39/42

I+ ,:' 0, ,): 0&' )' 17# *+0, 0&' )//()0, =' (0 =*0' ZMOV A> J 17#

N,0*/' 0&)0 0&' )-'+/' , 0&' J *+ =* +,0 /)' )+ ', -; 0&' )'(-'. S*+/' *0 * )

)*: *+0/0*,+. #,='' 0&' '0 =,: +,0 -' =&)0 0&' ,)((' *+0'+:':.

ADD I+0/0*,+

ADD A> ,/' ):: 0&' ,/' ,')+: 0, 0&' )//()0,

MOV A> J25#

MOV R2> J34#

ADD A> R2 A:: R2 0, 0&' )//()0,

@ A 2534

A59#

INTRODCTION TO +3-1 ASSEMBLY PROGRAMMING

o "&*' 0&' CPU /)+ =, ,+; *+ -*+);> *0 /)+ :, , )0 ) '; &*& '':.

o A ,)( /,+*0 , % )+: 1 * /)': M)/&*+' )+)'.

o I+ 0&' ')*' :); , 0&' /,(0'> ,)((' /,:': ,)( *+ ()/&*+'

)+)'.o E'+0);> )'(-; )+)' ='' :'',': 0&)0 ,*:': (+'(,+*/ , 0&'

()/&*+' /,:' *+0/0*,+> ,0&' ')0' 0&)0 ():' ,)((*+ )0' )+: '

',.o A'(-; )+)' ,)( (0 -' 0)+)0': *+0, ()/&*+' /,:' -; ) ,)(

/)': A'(-'.o A'(-; )+)' * ''': 0, ) ) ,='' )+)' -'/)' *0 :') :*'/0;

=*0& 0&' *+0'+) 0/0' , 0&' CPU.o A'(-' * ': 0, 0)+)0' )+ )'(-; )+)' ,)( *+0, ()/&*+' /,:'

, 0&' ,')0*,+ /,:'.o T,:); ,+' /)+ ' ()+; :*''+0 ,)((*+ )+)' /& ) BASIC>

PASCAL> C> C> QAVA '0/.> )+: 0&'' )+)' )' /)': ) #*&''

)+)'.o T&' &*& '' )+)' )' 0)+)0': *+0, ()/&*+' /,:' -; ) ,)( /)':

C,(*'.

.2 A55'%*!in$ #nd Runnin$ #n +3-1 Pro$r#%:

1. F*0 =' ' )+ ':*0, 0, 0;' *+ ) ,)(. M)+; '/''+0 ':*0, )' ))*)-'

0&)0 /)+ -' ': 0, /')0' )+: ':*0 0&' ,)(. "' )' *+ )'(-;

)+)' .)( ) 0&' '0'+*,+.2. T&' Z)([ ,/' *' /,+0)*+*+ 0&' ,)( /,:' /')0': *+ 0'1 0;': 0, 8%51

)'(-'. T&' )'(-' /,+'0 0&' *+0/0*,+ *+0, ()/&*+' /,:'. T&'

39


40/42

)'(-' =* ,:/' )+ ,-'/0 *' )+: *0 *'. T&' '0'+*,+ , 0&' ,-'/0 *'

* Z,-[ =&*' '0'+*,+ , 0&' *0 *' Z0[.3. A'(-' '


41/42

"&'+ ''/0*+ 0&' *+0/0*,+ ZMOV R3> 3 COUNT[ 0&' '*0' R3 =* -'

,):': =*0& 0&' )'25.

A(' 0&)0 0&'' * ) /,+0)+0 @*': )' ': *+ ()+; :*''+0 )/' *+ 0&'

,)(> )+: 0&' ,)((' =)+0 0, /&)+' *0 )' 0&,&,0. B; 0&' ' ,

E\U> 0&' ,)((' /)+ /&)+' *0 ,+/' )+: 0&' )'(-' =* /&)+' ) , *0

,//'+/'> )0&' 0&)+ ')/& 0&' '+0*' ,)( 0;*+ 0, *+: ''; ,//'+/'.

END :*'/0*'

T&* *+:*/)0' 0, 0&' )'(-' 0, 0&' '+: , 0&' ,/' @)( *'.

13. Ad/#nt#$'5

C)+ -' ,')0': ,( )+; )0 , 0&' =,:.

E0'+) (,:'( )' +,0 ' ZR'(,0' R,-,0 /,+0, S;0'( -)': ,+ DTMF

, M,-*' P&,+'[ IEEE I+0'+)0*,+) C,+''+/' INDIN 2%%8> Q; 2%%8.

41


42/42

]2^ M Q. C))&)+> Q.> ZI+0')0': DTMF '/'*'>[ _EEE Q. S,:S0)0' C/0> ,.

S/14> . 859%> F'-. 1979.

]3^ M. C))&)+ Q> ZI+0')0': DTMF R'/'*'>[ IEEE T)+)/0*,+ ,+ /,((+*/)0*,+>

,. 27> . 343348> F'-); 1979.

]4^ R. S&)()> K. K()> )+: S. V* ZDTMF B)': R'(,0' C,+0, S;0'(>[ IEEE

I+0'+)0*,+) C,+''+/' ICIT 2%%6> . 238%2383> D'/'(-' 2%%6.

]5^ O'+&'*(> A)+ V. )+: S/&)'> R,+): ". D**0) S*+) P,/'*+. P'+0*/'#)

, I+:*)> 1989.

]6^ 887% D)0)&''0> &00??===./)'./,(?:)0)&''0?887%%1.:

]7^ S): S'()+> R)''+:)+ P))(')+> ZC,())0*' A+);* , M'0&,: U': *+

0&' D'*+ , DTMF T,+' D'0'/0,[ IEEE I+0'+)0*,+) C,+''+/' ,+

T''/,((+*/)0*,+ )+: M));*) I+0'+)0*,+) C,+''+/' ,+ C,((+*/)0*,+> 1417

M); 2%%7> P'+)+> M));*).

]8^ R.C. L,> T.M. C&'+> )+: C.C. Y*&> ZI+0'*'+0 )0,+,(, (,-*' ,-,0 /,+0,

0&,& 0&' I+0'+'0>[ IEEE I+0'+)0*,+) S;(,*( ISIE 2%%%> ,. 1> . 611>D'/'(-' 2%%%.

]9^ E. ",+> ZA P&,+'B)': R'(,0' C,+0,' F, #,(' A+: O*/'

A0,()0*,+[> IEEE T)+.C,+(' E'/0,+. > ,. 4%> +,. 1> . 28

33> F'-); 1995.

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