cell membranes osmosis and diffusion this powerpoint is hosted on please visit for 100’s more...
TRANSCRIPT
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Cell MembranesOsmosis and Diffusion
This Powerpoint is hosted on www.worldofteaching.comPlease visit for 100’s more free powerpoints
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Functions of Membranes
1. Protect cell2. Control incoming and outgoing substances3. Maintain ion concentrations of various
substances4. Selectively permeable - allows some
molecules in, others are kept out5. ALL THIS MAINTAINS HOMEOSTASIS
(internal balance)
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Phospholipid Bilayer
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Fluid Mosaic Model
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Methods of Transport Across Membranes
1. Diffusion
2. Osmosis
3. Facilitated Diffusion
4. Active Transport
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Proteins
Membrane movement animation
Polar heads love water & dissolve.
Non-polar tails hide from water.
Carbohydrate cell markers
Fluid Mosaic Model of the
cell membrane
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Types of Cellular Transport
• Passive Transport
cell doesn’t use energy1. Diffusion
2. Facilitated Diffusion
3. Osmosis
• Active Transport
cell does use energy1. Protein Pumps
2. Endocytosis
3. Exocytosis
high
low
This is gonna
be hard work!!
high
low
Weeee!!!
•Animations of Active Transport & Passive
Transport
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Diffusion
• Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
• Movement from one side of a membrane to another, un-facilitated
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Diffusion
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Passive Transport: Diffusion
Diffusion: random movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
(High to Low)
• Diffusion continues until all molecules are evenly spaced (equilibrium is reached)-Note: molecules will still move around but stay spread out.
http://bio.winona.edu/berg/Free.htm
Simple Diffusion Animation
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• Osmosis: diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
• Water moves from high to low concentrations
•Water moves freely through pores.
•Solute (green) too large to move across.
Osmosis animationPassive Transport: Osmosis
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Osmosis
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Tonicity is a relative term
• Hypotonic SolutionHypotonic Solution - One solution has a lower concentration of solute than another.
• Hypertonic SolutionHypertonic Solution - one solution has a higher concentration of solute than another.
• Isotonic SolutionIsotonic Solution - both solutions have same concentrations of solute.
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Plant and Animal Cells put into various solutions
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Hypotonic Solution
Hypotonic: The solution has a lower concentration of solutes and a higher concentration of water than inside the cell. (Low solute; High water)
Result: Water moves from the solution to inside the cell): Cell Swells and bursts open (cytolysis)!
• Osmosis Animations for isotonic, hypertonic,
and hypotonic solutions
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Hypertonic Solution
Hypertonic: The solution has a higher concentration of solutes and a lower concentration of water than inside the cell. (High solute; Low water)
Result: Water moves from inside the cell into the solution: Cell shrinks (Plasmolysis)!
• Osmosis Animations for isotonic, hypertonic,
and hypotonic solutions
shrinks
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Isotonic SolutionIsotonic: The concentration of solutes in the solution is equal to the concentration of solutes inside the cell.
Result: Water moves equally in both directions and the cell remains same size! (Dynamic Equilibrium)
• Osmosis Animations for isotonic, hypertonic,
and hypotonic solutions
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Types of Transport
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Facilitated diffusion: diffusion of specific particles through transport proteins found in the membrane a. Transport Proteins are
specific – they “select” only certain molecules to cross the membrane
b.Transports larger or charged molecules
Facilitated diffusion (Channel Protein)
Diffusion (Lipid
Bilayer)
Passive Transport: Facilitated Diffusion
Carrier Protein
A B
• http://bio.winona.edu/berg/Free.htm
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High Concentration
Low Concentration
Cell Membrane
Glucosemolecules
Proteinchannel
Passive Transport: Facilitated Diffusion
Go to Section:
Transport Protein
Through a
Cellular Transport From a-High
Low
• Channel Proteins animations
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Types of Active Transport
• Endocytosis: taking bulky material into a cell • Uses energy• Cell membrane in-folds
around food particle• “cell eating”• forms food vacuole &
digests food• This is how white blood
cells eat bacteria!
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Types of Active Transport
Exocytosis: Forces material out of cell in bulk• membrane surrounding the
material fuses with cell membrane
• Cell changes shape – requires energy
• EX: Hormones or wastes released from cell