cell growth, function, and reproduction. * cell size demonstration
TRANSCRIPT
Cell growth, function, and reproduction
*The
Cell
Cycle
*Why do cells divide?
*cell size demonstration
*Eukaryotic Cell Cycle
*the processes by which a cell grows, functions, and divides
*Division occurs in order to:*control cell size
*repair damaged cells
*replace old cells
*Eu
kary
otic
Cell
Cycle
*Majority of cell cycle: Interphase*3 stages:*G1 (GAP)Cell growth*S phase(Synthesis) DNA is replicated*G2 (GAP2) Cell prepares for division*Cyclins
*Chromosomes
http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/nucleus/chromatin.html
*A chromosome is a single long strand of DNA. The DNA is packaged by histones (proteins) bound to it.
http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/basics/chromosome https://sites.google.com/site/mrsebiology97/cell-reproduction/2-objective-2-juno-activities-chromosomes
*Centromere: a central constricted region called that serves as an attachment point for the machinery of mitosis.
*Interphase
Animal Cell Plant Cell
Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm
*Prophase
Animal Cell Plant Cell
Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm
Spindle fibers
Centrioles
*Metaphase
Animal Cell Plant Cell
Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm
*Machinery of Mitosis
*The chromosomes are pulled apart by the spindle, which is made of microtubules. The spindle fibers are attached to each centromere (which is part of the chromosome), and anchored on the other end to a centrosome (which is the organizing center for the spindle).
*There are 2 centrosomes, one at each end of the spindle. The chromosomes are lined up between the poles of the spindle.
*When the spindle fibers contract, the chromosomes are pulled to the opposing poles.
*Anaphase
Animal Cell Plant Cell
Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm
*Telophase
Animal Cell Plant Cell
Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm
Animal Mitosis -- Review
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Interphase
Plant Mitosis -- ReviewInterphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Interphase
16
*Cell Cycle
*Meiosis
*Differences in Meiosis I
*During Prophase I, _________ chromosomes pair up together ( called _____________).
*The FOUR chromatids together are called a _________.
* Crossing Over
http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/labbench/lab3/images/crossovr.gif
http://www.biologyjunction.com/images/modcrossingover.jpg
*Crossing-Over
*During synapsis, some segments of the chromatids that are touching __________ genes.
*A ________is a segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein.
*This exchanging of genes is called _____________-___________.
*Differences in Meiosis I
*During Metaphase I, the _________ line up in the center.
*During Anaphase I, one of each homologous chromosomes moves to a different end of the cell.
http://www.bio.georgiasouthern.edu/bio-home/harvey/lect/images/comparison.gif
http://www.biology.iupui.edu/biocourses/n100/images/meiosis2cropped.jpg
http://www.biology.iupui.edu/biocourses/n100/images/meiosis2cropped.jpg