cell growth & division. limits to cell growth dna “overload”: if a cell gets to big, dna...

21
Cell Growth & Division

Upload: stephanie-sharp

Post on 08-Jan-2018

216 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

DESCRIPTION

Cell Size Surface Area (length x width x 6) Volume (length x width x height) Ratio of Surface Area to Volume

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Cell Growth & Division. Limits to Cell Growth DNA “Overload”: if a cell gets to big, DNA cannot serve the increasing needs of the growing cell. Exchanging

Cell Growth & Division

Page 2: Cell Growth & Division. Limits to Cell Growth DNA “Overload”: if a cell gets to big, DNA cannot serve the increasing needs of the growing cell. Exchanging

Limits to Cell Growth

• DNA “Overload”: if a cell gets to big, DNA cannot serve the increasing needs of the growing cell.

• Exchanging Material: If a cell gets to big, food, oxygen, water, cannot get in quick enough and wastes cannot get out quick enough.

• Ratio of Surface Area to Volume: Volume increases much more rapidly than surface area

Page 3: Cell Growth & Division. Limits to Cell Growth DNA “Overload”: if a cell gets to big, DNA cannot serve the increasing needs of the growing cell. Exchanging

Cell Size

Surface Area (length x width x 6)

Volume (length x width x height)Ratio of Surface Area to Volume

Ratio of Surface Area to Volume

Page 4: Cell Growth & Division. Limits to Cell Growth DNA “Overload”: if a cell gets to big, DNA cannot serve the increasing needs of the growing cell. Exchanging

Chromosomes

• Contain the genetic information (DNA)

• They are not visible except during cell division.

• Humans have 46• Fruit flies have 8• Carrots have 18

Sister ChromatidsCentromere

Page 5: Cell Growth & Division. Limits to Cell Growth DNA “Overload”: if a cell gets to big, DNA cannot serve the increasing needs of the growing cell. Exchanging

includes

is divided into is divided into

Concept Map

Cell Cycle

M phase (Mitosis)

Interphase

G1 phase S phase ProphaseG2 phase Metaphase TelophaseAnaphase

Page 6: Cell Growth & Division. Limits to Cell Growth DNA “Overload”: if a cell gets to big, DNA cannot serve the increasing needs of the growing cell. Exchanging

M phase

G2 phase

S phase

G1 phase

Cell Cycle

Page 7: Cell Growth & Division. Limits to Cell Growth DNA “Overload”: if a cell gets to big, DNA cannot serve the increasing needs of the growing cell. Exchanging

The Cell Cycle

• Interphase: the “in-between” period of growth; longest & busiest phase of the cell cycle

• During the cell cycle, a cell grows, prepares for division, and divides into 2 daughter cells, then each begin the cycle again.

Page 8: Cell Growth & Division. Limits to Cell Growth DNA “Overload”: if a cell gets to big, DNA cannot serve the increasing needs of the growing cell. Exchanging

Centrioles

Chromatin

Interphase

Nuclear envelope

Cytokinesis

Nuclear envelope reforming

Telophase

Anaphase

Individual chromosomes

Metaphase

Centriole

Spindle

CentrioleChromosomes

(paired chromatids)

Prophase

Centromere

Spindle forming

 Mitosis and Cytokinesis

Page 9: Cell Growth & Division. Limits to Cell Growth DNA “Overload”: if a cell gets to big, DNA cannot serve the increasing needs of the growing cell. Exchanging

Interphase: Cell Growth

• G1 cells are growing, synthesizing proteins and organelles.

• S: chromosomes are replicated• G2: organelles and other molecules

required for cell division are produced

Page 10: Cell Growth & Division. Limits to Cell Growth DNA “Overload”: if a cell gets to big, DNA cannot serve the increasing needs of the growing cell. Exchanging

Mitosis

• It is divided into 4 phases• Prophase• Metaphase• Anaphase• Telophase

Page 11: Cell Growth & Division. Limits to Cell Growth DNA “Overload”: if a cell gets to big, DNA cannot serve the increasing needs of the growing cell. Exchanging

Centrioles

Chromatin

Interphase

Nuclear envelope

Cytokinesis

Nuclear envelope reforming

Telophase

Anaphase

Individual chromosomes

Metaphase

Centriole

Spindle

CentrioleChromosomes

(paired chromatids)

Prophase

Centromere

Spindle forming

 Mitosis and Cytokinesis

Page 12: Cell Growth & Division. Limits to Cell Growth DNA “Overload”: if a cell gets to big, DNA cannot serve the increasing needs of the growing cell. Exchanging

Prophase

• First and longest phase.• Centrioles separate and move to opposite

sides of the nucleus.• Centrioles help to organize the spindle

fibers• Chromatin condenses into chromosomes• Nuclear envelope breaks down.

Page 13: Cell Growth & Division. Limits to Cell Growth DNA “Overload”: if a cell gets to big, DNA cannot serve the increasing needs of the growing cell. Exchanging

Centrioles

Chromatin

Interphase

Nuclear envelope

Cytokinesis

Nuclear envelope reforming

Telophase

Anaphase

Individual chromosomes

Metaphase

Centriole

Spindle

CentrioleChromosomes

(paired chromatids)

Prophase

Centromere

Spindle forming

 Mitosis and Cytokinesis

Page 14: Cell Growth & Division. Limits to Cell Growth DNA “Overload”: if a cell gets to big, DNA cannot serve the increasing needs of the growing cell. Exchanging

Metaphase

• The chromosomes line up across the middle of the cell (at the equator).

• Each chromosome is connected to the spindle fiber by the centromere.

Page 15: Cell Growth & Division. Limits to Cell Growth DNA “Overload”: if a cell gets to big, DNA cannot serve the increasing needs of the growing cell. Exchanging

Centrioles

Chromatin

Interphase

Nuclear envelope

Cytokinesis

Nuclear envelope reforming

Telophase

Anaphase

Individual chromosomes

Metaphase

Centriole

Spindle

CentrioleChromosomes

(paired chromatids)

Prophase

Centromere

Spindle forming

 Mitosis and Cytokinesis

Page 16: Cell Growth & Division. Limits to Cell Growth DNA “Overload”: if a cell gets to big, DNA cannot serve the increasing needs of the growing cell. Exchanging

Anaphase

• The sister chromatids separate into individual chromosomes and are moved apart to opposite poles.

Page 17: Cell Growth & Division. Limits to Cell Growth DNA “Overload”: if a cell gets to big, DNA cannot serve the increasing needs of the growing cell. Exchanging

Centrioles

Chromatin

Interphase

Nuclear envelope

Cytokinesis

Nuclear envelope reforming

Telophase

Anaphase

Individual chromosomes

Metaphase

Centriole

Spindle

CentrioleChromosomes

(paired chromatids)

Prophase

Centromere

Spindle forming

 Mitosis and Cytokinesis

Page 18: Cell Growth & Division. Limits to Cell Growth DNA “Overload”: if a cell gets to big, DNA cannot serve the increasing needs of the growing cell. Exchanging

Telophase

• Chromosomes begin to untangle.• Two nuclear envelopes will form• Spindle begins to break down.• Nucleolus becomes visible.

Page 19: Cell Growth & Division. Limits to Cell Growth DNA “Overload”: if a cell gets to big, DNA cannot serve the increasing needs of the growing cell. Exchanging

Centrioles

Chromatin

Interphase

Nuclear envelope

Cytokinesis

Nuclear envelope reforming

Telophase

Anaphase

Individual chromosomes

Metaphase

Centriole

Spindle

CentrioleChromosomes

(paired chromatids)

Prophase

Centromere

Spindle forming

 Mitosis and Cytokinesis

Page 20: Cell Growth & Division. Limits to Cell Growth DNA “Overload”: if a cell gets to big, DNA cannot serve the increasing needs of the growing cell. Exchanging

Cytokinesis

• The cytoplasm pinches in half. Each daughter cell has an identical set of duplicate chromosomes.

• In plants the cells do not separate but form a cell plate between the 2 nuclei and the cell wall starts to form.

Page 21: Cell Growth & Division. Limits to Cell Growth DNA “Overload”: if a cell gets to big, DNA cannot serve the increasing needs of the growing cell. Exchanging

Results of Cell Division

• 2 daughter cells with same number of chromosomes as the original (parent) cell.

• Ex. 24 → 2 cells each with 24• All of our body cells go through mitosis.• Mitosis is used for growth and

development, healing, & when cells die from old age.