celebrating research week - 2014 troubled waters
TRANSCRIPT
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Troubled Waters:
Post 9/11 Challenges of Maritime Terrorism & Port
Security in New York City
Dawn O’Donnell, B.A. Criminal Justice, Graduate Student - Criminal JusticeApril 28, 2014
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Agenda
Introduction – Purpose & Background Hypothesis/Methods Findings - Potential Targets, Modes of
Attack, Controversies - Interagency Challenges
Conclusion – Suggestions for Future Research, Lessons Learned & Research Limitations
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Introduction
Maritime - Bordering or connected with the sea in relation to navigation, shipping, etc.
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Introduction
PURPOSE - Why Study Port Security and the Maritime Terrorist Threat in NYC?
NYC - Prime Target (massive casualties, financial, basic infrastructure)
Population in NYC – 8.33 millionPort of NY & NJ - 1 of 3 centers for world economyNY NJ are Largest Ports on the East Coast
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PURPOSE, cont..
60 known terrorist threats against the United States since 9/11 (NYC-16)
2003 - Brooklyn Bridge 2006 - Hudson River Tunnels – Bomb PATH train
2011 - USS Intrepid – Washington Heights “YouTube” Suspect 2013 - NYC & Atlantic City - Navy detonated a mine - 100 feet from the shoreline & 12 feet below
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Introduction – PURPOSE OF STUDY
NYC CBRNE Budget– Kelly designated 1,000 “Anti-Terror Cops” with tanks, anti-aircraft capability (?)
Vessel - highly sensitive radiological detection equipment Bell 412 Chopper ($10 million, $4 million hi-tech equipment) detects radiation from altitude of 200 ft.
“Proactive Measures” since 9/112006 - Dubai Ports World proposal to control of 6 ports in the U.S. (including NY) - rejected2008 – Proposal to build a LNG Terminal in Long Island Sound - rejected
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MARITIME FACTS/SCOPE
Background/Maritime FactsScope - includes Westchester County, Long Island2,073 “bridges” in New York City15M containers enter the U.S. each year2011 – CBP – Import/Export - $3.7 trillion
2002 Simulation - $58 Billion loss
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MARITIME FACTS
Only 5% - 6% containers inspected – DHS & CBP
THINK INSIDE THE BOX – 40 ft.
“Targeting Strategy”- Intelligence/Risk Assessment
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HISTORY OF MARITIME TERRORISM IN NY
WORLD WAR II ERA
Lucky Luciano – Alleged “deal” with OSS (Office of Strategic Services) German Saboteurs Invasion of U.S. - U-202 Submarine (50 miles off U.S. coastline) – used inflatable boats Planned Attacks - NY Central Rail Roads – Hell Gate Bridge, New York’s water supply
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Hypothesis/Methods
Hypothesis – New York City is a prime target for maritime terrorism and inter-agency challenges complicate prevention and response
Methods – Qualitative study (content analysis) of public documents (peer reviewed journals, articles, books, speeches and interview transcripts) and videos
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Results - Potential Maritime Targets in New York
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Results/Findings
RisksNYC “Prime Location” – Devastating Consequences & Multitude of Potential Maritime TargetsCopycat syndrome – Oslo car bomb, Norway Youth Camp, “Mumbai-style” of attack (“wave of attacks”)
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Results/Findings
Modes of Attack Attacking vessels, floating bombs, frogmen, transporting CBRNE’s, transporting saboteurs - “wave of attacks”
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Results/Findings
Inter-Agency ChallengesNumber of agencies (Federal, state and local law enforcement, militia, etc.)Inter-agency rivalriesIntel Sharing - “Linkage Blindness”Jurisdiction - sharing credit and blame - Location of incident (Federal Property)
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Federal Agencies
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NIMS (National Incident Management System)&
NRF (National Response Framework)
NRF Provides
Structure & Mechanism
s for Incident
Management
NIMS National Approach to Incident Manageme
nt
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NIMS – National Incident Management System
SYSTEMATIC & PROACTIVE APPROACH
GUIDE AGENCIES
AT ALL LEVELS OF
GOVERNMENT
NON-GOVERNME
NT
PRIVATE SECTOR
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NRF – National Response Framework
PROVIDES STRUCTURE
& MECHANISM
S
• FOR NATIONAL LEVEL POLICY AND DIRECTION
INCIDENT MANAGEME
NT
• ENSURE TIMELY & EFFECTIVE
FEDERAL SUPPORT
• STATE, TRIBAL AND LOCAL RELATED ACTIVITIES
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USED DURING INCIDENTS REQUIRING FEDERAL SUPPORT
Premise to provide the guidelines and procedures to integrate capabilities and resources into a cohesive, coordinated, and seamless national framework for incident management
local jurisdictions retain command, control, and authority over response activities for their jurisdictional areas.
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CIMS(Citywide Incident Management System)
Primary Agencies
Coordinating Agency
Supporting
Agencies
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Primary AgenciesIncident Command Responsibilities
Incident Commander
Single Comma
nd Respons
e Multiple Incident Commanders
Single Incident Command PostMAY Designate Single Operations Section Chief
Unified Comma
nd Respons
e
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Coordinating Agency: OEM
If Established
Unified Comman
d
Manages CIMS Protocol
Coordinate Resources
Relay messages to Mayor & Emergency Operations Center
Facilitate transition of command & RESULUTION OF INTERAGENCY DIFFERENCES
Multi-agency Incident
s
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Supporting Agencies
Provides Personnel & Equipment
No loss of responsibility
for their resources or jurisdiction
May Join Unified Primary Agency
Depending upon
nature/location of incident
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CIMS Matrix (Primary Agencies)Single Command
Boat in Distress – NYPD/FDNY*Explosive Device, Bomb Threat - NYPD
Fire - FDNY
Unified Command
CBRN/Haz-Mat Incident – NYPD/FDNYExplosion – FDNY/NYPD
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Results/Limitations
New York City is an attractive target for maritime terrorism
Inter-agency challenges exist – Prevention & Response Over two dozen agencies can be on the water at
once Alleged inter-agency rivalries/jurisdiction
challenges Challenges with Intel sharing – nature of
intelligence Limitations of study
Public information
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Conclusion
Introduction – Purpose & Background Hypothesis/Methods Results - Potential Targets, Modes of
Attack, Controversies - Interagency Challenges
Conclusion – Research Limitations
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QUESTIONS OR COMMENTS?
Thank You!