CELEBRATING BLACK HISTORY IN CANADA!

CELEBRATING BLACK HISTORY IN CANADA!1604 1867: Pre-Confederation: 1867 1962: People who Made History1962 2016: Creating Equality

Take time this month to reflect on the diversity at ACI.

Oscar PetersonSources:Historica Canada: Black History Timeline http://blackhistorycanada.ca/timeline.php?id=1600

Inside Halton.com http://www.insidehalton.com/news-story/2929641-oakville-s-forgotten-history/

Images from Wikipedia

Black History in Canada before Confederation: 1604- 1799

NEW FRANCE (Quebec)Slave Trading Ship

1608: FIRST BLACK PERSON IN CANADA was Mathieu Da Costa, hired as a translator for Samuel de Champlain.

1 May 1689:King Louis XIV of France gave limited approval to slavery

Spring 1734: Marie-Joseph Anglique was tortured and hangedfor allegedly setting a fire that burned nearly 50 homes. She was trying to escape and may have set the fire as cover for her departure.

1799: Papineau Presents Citizens' Petition to Abolish Slavery This marked the beginning of a movement towards the abolition of slavery in Lower Canada (Quebec).

Black History in Canada before Confederation: 1604- 1799

UPPER CANADA (Ontario)Starting 1776: White Loyalists brought slaves after the American War of Independence.

21 March 1793: Chlo Cooley was beaten, bound, and sold by her owner to an American.

19 June 1793: Governor Simcoe's Anti-Slave Trade Bill was passed. It was not a total ban on slavery, but it had the effect of ending slavery in Upper Canada by 1800.

NOVA SCOTIA

1776 : Loyalist "Free Negroes" Reach Nova Scotia Black people who had served on the British side during the American War of Independence settled in Nova Scotia.

Local discrimination caused a large number to move to Sierra Leone later on.

Africville Church (Reconstructed as part of Nova Scotias apology for razing Africville)

1799 - 1833War of 1812 to Abolition of Slavery in 1833UNDERGROUND RAILWAY Uncle Tom Service in 18121812-1815: War of 1812 Thousands of Black volunteers fought for the British

1815-1860: The Underground RailroadTens of thousands of African-Americans from the USA sought refuge in Upper and Lower Canada (Ontario & Quebec).

28 October 1830: Henson "Uncle Tom"Escaped to Canada

28 August 1833: British Parliament Abolished Slavery, effective August 1, 1834 - By that time, there were probably fewer than 50 slaves in British North America (Canada).

1833 to 1867 (Confederation)

February-May 1851: Upper Canadians Opposed the USAs Fugitive Slave Act

24 March 1853: Mary Ann and Isaac Shadd founded the Provincial FreemanNewspaper In Upper Canada

26 April 1858: 800 Black Californians landed in Victoria, BC at the invitation of the colonys Governor. Mary Ann Shadd Cary

HARRIET TUBMAN

A symbol of courage in the abolition movement and Underground Railroad, Tubman died 10 March 1913: She made 19 secret trips to the American South and guided more than 300 slaves to freedom in Canada; During the American Civil War, she worked for the Union Army as an armed scout and spy; Tubman led an armed raid which liberated over 700 slaves; She was active in the movement for womens suffrage (votes for women)

Elijah McCoy born 1844 in Canada The real McCoy was his invention!

Mifflin Gibbs: Canadas first black politician

Mifflin Gibbs travelled from California to Victoria, B.C.He wanted to escape racist laws in CaliforniaHe was elected to Victoria Town Council in 1866Gibbs returned to the USA after the American Civil War and became a lawyer there.

1867 - 1962After Confederation, discrimination was a problem across Canada:On February 28, 1930, the KKK burned crosses in Oakville ON. About 75 clansmen removed Isobel Jones, a white woman, from the home of her fiance, Junius Johnson. Johnson was a black WWI veteran who had fought at Vimy Ridge in WWI.

Leaders were charged and convicted; the first KKK prosecution

1911: Immigration Policyseverely restricted immigration of black people into Canada

1914-1918: Black Canadians served on the Home Front and abroad in WWI - The No. 2 Construction Battalion was segregated.

1920s : Ku Klux Klan groups formed in various parts of Canada .

Viola Desmond was arrested for sitting in the "White-only" section of a movie theatre in Nova Scotia in 1946. Tragically, her legal challenge to these unseemly legal proceedings failed.

After WWII, Conditions in Canada began to improve

1939-1945 : In WWII, many black soldiers were integrated into the regular army and officer corps.

14 March 1944: Ontario Passed the Racial Discrimination Act to prohibit expression of ethnic, racial, or religious discrimination.

2-3 September 1954: Toronto Telegram Covers the Dresden Story - In 1954, two black people were refused service in two restaurants in Dresden ON.

June, 1962: Ontario passed the Ontario Human Rights Code to prohibit discrimination

After 1962, Canadas White Only Immigration Policy was eliminated.

LEONARD BRAITHWAITE

Was the first black person elected to a Canadian Parliamentwhen he became Liberal MPP for Etobicoke, Ontario in 1963.

Creators of EqualityDr. Wilson Head, a sociologist, moved from the US to Canada in 1959 and founded the Urban Alliance on Race Relations in 1975.

Daniel Hill was Ontario Human Rights Commissioner, & Ontario Ombudsman.

ROSEMARY BROWN First black woman elected to a Canadian legislature, serving as MLA in British Columbia

Professor of Womens Studies at Simon Fraser U

Served as Chief Commissioner of the Ontario Human Rights Commission

Musical GLORYPORTIA WHITE was born 1911 in Truro, Nova Scotia

MEASHA BRUEGERGOSMAN b1977, Fredericton New Brunswick

HARRY JEROMEReceived the Order of Canada for excellence in all fields of Canadian life after representing Canada in three Olympic Games between 1964 and 1971

CARIBANA!

Austin ClarkeWinner of Giller Prize in 2002 for The Polished Hoe

Canada's most widely-read black novelist!

Andre AlexisWriter and winner of the 2015 Giller prize for Fifteen Dogs

Michaelle Jean: Journalist Canadas first black Governor-General

LINCOLN ALEXANDERwas the first black Member of Parliament and Cabinet Minister in Canada; and was sworn in as Ontario's lieutenant-governor in September 1985.