celebrating 20 years urban ... · mark s. kieser . senior scientist . kieser & associates, llc...
TRANSCRIPT
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Urban Stormwater Management – Achieving Compliance Goals
K. Brian Boyer, P.E. Environmental Engineering Manager
and
Mark S. Kieser
Senior Scientist
Kieser & Associates, LLC
Celebrating 20 Years of Excellence in Environmental Science & Engineering www.kieser-associates.com
MWEA Annual Conference
June 25, 2013
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Western Michigan University (WMU) Setting WMU Stormwater Concerns MS4 permit history and policy shift Compliance planning & sustainability SW controls and progress towards goals Implications of strategic planning The future of urban stormwater management
Overview
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Kalamazoo River Watershed
2,020 sq. miles
MICHIGAN Portage & Arcadia Creek Subwatershed
SCALE (MILES)
0 10 15 5
Lake Allegan
WMU
Kalamazoo River Watershed
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• Highly urbanized campus/watershed 807-acre campus 25,000 students 75% impervious cover Classified as “high density residential” MS4 (Phase II) Control of land/infrastructure
• WMP for 64,000-acre “Portage & Arcadia Creeks”
Setting
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Direct SW discharges 64 outfalls to Arcadia Creek
Preservation of facilities Protect infrastructure Reduce flood potential Regulatory compliance
Waldo Football Stadium
Bernhard Student Center
Steam lines from Power Plant
WMU Stormwater Concerns
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WMU voluntary stormwater permit (2000) Formal MS4 permit 2003 Internal 2008 Guidelines for SW Controls No new outfalls or discharges will be created Projects over 1-acre will have ZERO discharge Modeling required to evaluate stormwater systems Contractor requirements Routine maintenance Testing throughout construction
WMU Stormwater Policy
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TMDL Compliance Planning Project Identify “stormwater footprint” (1998 & present)
Establish performance metrics for stormwater controls Phosphorus (lbs/yr) – TMDL Total Suspended Solids (tons/yr) – Downstream City Flood Control Structure Runoff volume (ft3/yr; gal/yr; acre-ft/yr) – Campus flooding/infrastructure protection
Determine WMU TMDL compliance status Identify future BMP options Integrate SW planning for campus projects Future BMP monitoring plan Pursue Stormwater NeutralTM goal
Net-zero phosphorus load
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GIS & Design Data Utility Infrastructure Data 1,426 storm structures 64 outfalls >28 miles of storm sewer piping
Aerial Imagery Catalog Base Mapping Impervious vs. pervious surfaces LiDAR elevation data (2008)
Engineering Designs Basis-of-design calculations As-built documents
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1998 Campus SW Control Areas • Campus area = 807
acres (including BTR park)
• 151.7 acres treated • 18.8% of campus • TP Load = 764 lbs/yr
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Methods/Tools • DEQ Water Quality Trading Rule calculations Rainfall data to generate runoff Land use and impervious surface areas Event mean concentrations by land use
(locally confirmed with monitoring)
• Kzoo River Urban Stormwater BMP Screening Tool Selectively calculates runoff volume, TP and TSS loading Calculates general stormwater treatment and costs Used in Kalamazoo River WMP
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NPS Loading Calculations MI Trading Rules
ML = EMCL x RL x K (Eq. 1) Where: ML = Loading factor from land use L (pounds/acre/year) EMCL = Event mean concentration of runoff from land use L (mg/L) RL = Total average surface runoff from land use L computed from Eq. 2 (in acres-in/year) K = Unit conversion factor of 0.2266 Runoff Equation: RL = [CP + (CI – CP ) x IMPL ] x AL x I (Eq. 2) Where: RL = Total average annual surface runoff from land use L (acre-inches/year) CP = Pervious area runoff coefficient (0.20) CI = Impervious area runoff coefficient (0.95) IMPL = Fractional imperviousness of land use L AL = Area of drainage unit (acres) I = Long term average annual precipitation (inches/year)
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Parking Lot 23
Project Control Type Annual TP Reduction Annual TSS Reduction Annual Volume
Reduction
Parking Lot 23 Detention/ Infiltration 28 lbs 50% 4 tons 50%
30 ac-ft
50%
• Sediment Forebay • Wet Detention/Infiltration • Native vegetation • Serves 32 acres
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Chemistry Building
Project Control Type Annual TP Reduction Annual TSS Reduction Annual Volume
Reduction
Chemistry Building Infiltration 15 lbs 100% 2 tons 100%
18.5 ac-ft
100%
• Infiltration • Vegetated Swales • Native vegetation • Serves 10.5 acres
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Richmond Center / Kohrman Hall
Project Control Type Annual TP Reduction Annual TSS Reduction Annual Volume
Reduction
RCVA/ Kohrman Infiltration 23 lbs 100% 3 tons 100%
27 ac-ft
100%
• Sub-Surface Retention & Infiltration
• Preserves Open-Space • Serves 14 acres
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Howard / Stadium CMI
• Wet Detention & Infiltration • Floodplain Enhancement • Native Vegetation • Streambank Restoration • Serves 102 acres
Project Control Type Annual TP Reduction Annual TSS Reduction Annual Volume
Reduction
Howard/ Stadium CMI
Detention/ Infiltration 86 lbs 50% 27 tons 50%
120 ac-ft
50%
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WMU Parkview Campus
Project Control Type Annual TP Reduction Annual TSS Reduction Annual Volume
Reduction
BTR/Parkview Campus
Retention/ Infiltration 123 lbs 100% 24 tons 100%
150 ac-ft
100%
• On-site Retention & Infiltration
• Native Vegetation • Serves 197 acres
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• 15 BMPs since 1998 • 468.8 acres treated
including BTR (blue areas)
• 59.8% of campus
BTR Park
Off-Campus Contributing Areas
Campus SW Control Areas
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2011 WMU TMDL Compliance
TMDL Goal 382 lbs/yr
1998 TMDL Baseline
764 lbs/yr
On-Campus Controls only
On-Campus and Off-Campus Controls (i.e.,
offsets)
Off-Campus controls financially supported by WMU
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Progress Towards Goals
TMDL Compliance
Stormwater NeutralTM
Runoff Volume (Net zero TP
discharge)
Off-Campus Offsets
Current 2013 Status
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Arcadia Creek Loading to K-zoo River Total Phosphorus (TP) 2,091 lbs/yr
Total Suspended Solids (TSS) 539 tons/yrVolume 769 Mgal/yr
Table 3-1 of Portage-Arcadia Creek WMP. See : http://www.kalamazooriver.net/pa319new/wmp_update.htm
WMU Stormwater Reductions TP
(lbs/yr)TSS
(tons/yr)Volume
(Mgal/yr)WMU BMPs 535 127 224Arcadia Creek Total 2,091 539 769
WMU Reduction to Creek (%) 25.6 23.6 29.1
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Next Steps and New Opportunities Future On-campus SW Control Options
Stormwater
Control Location Lot 48-North of
BHC Oaklands-Davis
Hall Lawson- Lot 63
Lawson- Lot 64
Remaining Lot 23
Cost ($) $37,490 $51,280 $39,477 $88,036 $19,500 Vol ($/ac-ft) $18,256 $13,826 $10,783 $8,574 $70,020 TSS ($/ton) $4,109 $4,888 $4,916 $6,136 $6,060 TP ($/lb) $693 $698 $930 $1,207 $1,069
Priorities!
315 acres of main campus remain untreated Prioritization of future efforts
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Lot 48-North ofBHC
Oaklands-DavisHall
Lawson- Lot 63 Lawson-Lot 64 Remaining Lot 23
Perc
ent (
%)
Percent of Combined Total (ac-ft/yr)Stormwater Runoff Volume: Relative Comparison
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Existing BMPs and Proposed BMPs TP Load Reduction Analysis ($/lb)
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Increased Weir Height
$96/lb
Infiltration $1,879/lb
Existing/Proposed BMPs TP Load Reduction Analysis ($/lb) (20-yr life cycle costs)
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Cost Implications (2013 $s)
• Total Phosphorus $150 - $5,500/lb • Total Suspended Sediment $400 - $30,000/ton • Runoff Volume $180 - $13,000/ac-ft • Area Served $200 – 10,500/acre $4.18M initial investment ($5.3M valuation in 2013 $s) 702 lbs/yr TP reduction (~14,040 lbs TP over 20 yrs) = ~$5,950/lb (= ~$377/lb TP in 2013 $s) Compliance Planning Costs: ~$1,200/outfall (64 outfalls) ~1.5% of overall SW control initial investments
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Project Benefits and Outcomes
• Confirmed TMDL LA achieved (52% reduction) • First MS4 to reach local TMDL reduction goal • 59% of campus now treated by 15 BMPs • New SW prioritization scheme with established metrics • Approaching Stormwater NeutralTM goal • Template for other MS4s
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The Future for MS4s… Pending EPA Stormwater Rule
• Expansion of MS4 areas/situations & programs
• New development performance standards
• Redevelopment performance standard
• Retrofit requirements
Technology-based requirements Quantitative effluent or load limits
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Questions?
Celebrating 20 Years of Excellence in Environmental Science & Engineering www.kieser-associates.com
Brian Boyer, P.E. Environmental Engineering Manager
Kieser & Associates, LLC [email protected]
Peter J. Strazdas
Associate Vice President, Facilities Management Western Michigan University [email protected]